主謂一致詳解

1、主謂一致詳解第-3頁(yè)共9頁(yè)【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】主謂一致指“人稱"和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)在掌握主語(yǔ)和隨后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2間的一致問(wèn)題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂Z間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個(gè) 原則支配:語(yǔ)法一致原則(grammatical concord)意義一致原則 （nolional concord）就近原貝y (Principb ofproximity)（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則用作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致，就是語(yǔ)法一致。也就是說(shuō)，如果 名詞屮心詞是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果名詞屮心詞是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：This table is a genu

2、ine antique.Both parties have their own advantages.Her job has something to do with computers.She wants to go home.They are divorcing each other.Mary was watching herself in the mirrorThe bird built a nesLSusan comes home every week-end,（二）意義一致原則而不是語(yǔ)法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形有時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義, 式，這樣的一致關(guān)系就是意義

3、一致。例如:Democratic government gradually take the place of an allpowerlul monarchy.A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.The United States is a developed country.It is the remains of a ruined p a lace.The archives was lost.This p air of trousers costs fifty dolla

4、rs.（三）就近原則有時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。例如:Either my grandsons or their father is coming.No one except his daughters agree with him.Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.Neither Richard nor I am going.二、以集合名詞做主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 有些集合名詞,等，在ommittee,council,crew,crowd,tamily,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, un

5、ion意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在語(yǔ)法形式上是單數(shù)，這類名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題往往遵循 或“意義一致"原則。例如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.A council of elders governs the tribe.The present government is trying to control inflation.The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.（一）通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞包括police,people, cattle, militia, v

6、ermin 等，這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The British poUce have only very limited powers.The militia were called out to guard the borderland.It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in thesedesolate surroundings.（二）通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞，包括Poultry,foliage , machinery, equipmen

7、t,ftirniture.merchandise等，這類名詞后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:P oullry is expensive at this time of yearThat green foliage was restluLThe merchandise has arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory is made in China.The suite of furniture he bought was ofcontem po rary style.The equipment of the p hotogra phic s

8、tudio was expensive.（三）可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞，包括audience, committee, crew, family, govemmentjury等。例如:The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.The jury is/are about to announce the winners.The government has/have discussed

9、 the matter for a long time.三、a committee, etc of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題如果主語(yǔ)是由a committee of/a p anel of/a （the） board of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常 用單數(shù)。例如:A committee of iwe Ive men is to discuss the matter.A panel of experts has considered the situation.The board of managers is responsible for the firm.四、以s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂

10、一致問(wèn)題英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加s或-es ,但是有一些以s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以一致問(wèn)題。（一）以s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（二）以s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（三）以s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（五）其它以s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題（一）以s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題以-S結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題，如:arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps, phlebitis picket

11、s.這類以s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如:Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.Measles usually occurs in children.P hlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.（二）以s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題以s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如:Darts is basically a easy gam

12、e.Marbles is not confined to children.Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.Draughts is not very difficult to learn.但當(dāng)Darts , Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.（三）以s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國(guó)名，女0 the

13、 United States , the Netherlands 等，因其 是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。例如:The United Slates was hit by the Great Depression in 1930sIn early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas have

14、 a magnificent variety ofplant.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic impo rtance.The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.（四）以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題第6頁(yè)共9頁(yè)某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics.acoustics, PolKics statistics, economics, l

15、inguistics, athletics例如:Physics is a lundamental subject in science.The third world economics is promising.Acoustics studies the science of sound.Mathematics is an interesting subject.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如:Athletics have been greatly en

16、couraged at this college.The acoustics of the new concert hall are p erfect.The economics of the p roject are still at issue.（五）其它以s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題A.以s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語(yǔ)等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。glasses,Pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspendersgrousers等，這類名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果不帶 -把-、英語(yǔ)屮有一些通常以s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如第8頁(yè)共9頁(yè)“一副”等單位詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

17、通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Mary's glasses are new.John's trousers are black.如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞決定動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:One p air of pincers isnl enough.Two p airs of scissors are missing from my tool box.B其他以s結(jié)尾的名詞英語(yǔ)屮還有一些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞，如1 archives , arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks.這類名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)goods, minutes, morals, rem

18、ains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security,The contents of the book are most amusing.High wages often result in high prices.My thanks are sincere.五、如果句了的主語(yǔ)是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，其主謂一致問(wèn)題通常遵循以下原則:（一）由and/both-.-and連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（二）由or/nor/eilheror 連接的

19、并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（三）主語(yǔ) + as much as,etc 的主謂一致問(wèn)題（一）由and/both-.-and連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題由and/bolhand連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意義決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.Good and bad taste are inculcated by exam pie.Fish and chips are getting very

20、 ex pensive.A truck and a car were in the ditch,Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada.當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each , every,或者many a 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:Each man and each woman there is asked to help,Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.Every change of season, every change of we

21、ather, indeed every hour of the day.p reduces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.Many a boy was disap po in ted after seeing the film.（二）由or/nor/eilheror 連接的并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題由or,noneither.-on neither.,nor,not onlybut also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則處理。例如:Neither Lucy nor Carol ha

22、s any money left.第-10頁(yè)共9頁(yè)Neither sleet nor snow slops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater,Neither the Kansas coach nor the p la ye rs were confident of victory.Not only one, but all of us

23、 are hoping to be there.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.（三）主語(yǔ) + as much as,etc的主謂一致問(wèn)題等引導(dǎo)的從屬結(jié)構(gòu),等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面S艮有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than或定艮有由 as we 11 as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, excep(其后的動(dòng)詞形式取決主語(yǔ)的形式。例如:The vessel, with i

24、ts entire crew and cargo was lost.The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summerSome of the emp loyees as much as the manager were res po nsible for the feilure.My h

25、usband,more than anyone else in the family，is longing to go there again.Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident.No one except two girls was late for school.六、以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題數(shù)量概念分兩類：一類是確定數(shù)量，女0 two years, five seconds,three kilos, 等，另一類是非確定數(shù)量，如all ofsome ofnone of。如果用這類表示數(shù)

26、量概念的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ), 會(huì)產(chǎn)生主謂一致問(wèn)題。（一）以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（二）以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題（一）以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時(shí)，如果數(shù)量概念被看做一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果被 看做組成該數(shù)量的個(gè)體，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask.'Two months is loo short a time,” General manager warned, "we must hu

27、rry up."Three weeks is needed to complete the task.There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.Three pints is not enough to get him drunk.A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the yea匚如果作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組是由“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of”詞組構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式取決于of詞組屮名詞例如:Two-thirds of the people present is agains

28、t the plan.Three-lburths of the surfece of the e a rth is covered by sea.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.兩數(shù)相減或相除，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Sixty minus seventeen leaves Ibrty-three,Forty-two divided by six is seven.Six and

29、eight makes/make fourteen.Six times eight is/a re fbrty-e ight.如果主語(yǔ)由*one in/one out of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞"構(gòu)成，在正式語(yǔ)體中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:One in ten students has passed the examination.One out of twelve bottles was left intact.（二）以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題如果主語(yǔ)由 "a portion of, a series of，a pile of, a panel of +名詞"或由 “a kind/sort/type of,this kind/sort/lype of+ 名詞”構(gòu)成，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:Apanel of us has decided to hire a boat and tra v