2014年山東高考最后30天語法精講精練Word版

1、最后30天備考2014高考英語語法精講句子結(jié)構(gòu)一、特殊疑問句（常用疑問詞）WHAT whatlike ? 人或事物的外觀特征；天氣 Whats your brother like ? (長(zhǎng)相或人品) Whats t the weather like today ? How do you like the film ? What do you like ? what time / date / year -Whats the date today ? - (Its) October 15. -What date will he arrive ? - (Hell arrive) on Octobe

2、r 15. whatfor ? = why -Whats it for ? -(its for) cutting grass. -What did you do that for ? - Because I wanted to save time. ( To save time.)what kind(s) / sort(s) of? What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?what size -What size shoes do you take ? - (Size) 41.what height / length / depth / age ho

3、w high / long / deep / old Whats the height of that mountain ? What height is that mountain ? How high is that mountain ? WHICHwhich day /month / year? （比when更具體） - Dont forget his birthday ? - I wont. Which /What day is it ?which / what /who 比較 which 更具體，或用which one Which book are you going to buy

4、?(哪本書） What book are you going to buy ?（哪種書）Who do you like best ? Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ? WHYWhy not (dont you) buy a new coat ?-Let s set out tonight. -Yes, why not. HOW How is your mother ? How is your mother getting along ? How is the weather there ? Whats the weather like toda

5、y ? How do you find the film ? How do you like the film? How / What about the film ? What do you think of the film? -How often do you go to the zoo ? -Once every two months.-How soon will you be ready to start ? - In two days . How far is it from here to the airport ? 綜合問題簡(jiǎn)答中介詞跟在疑問詞之后 - I want to le

6、ave this parcel. -Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)else跟在疑問詞后 （which 和whose 除外） Where else did you go ?用do 作簡(jiǎn)略回答 -Who wants a lift ? (搭便車） - I do. -How many students understood this ? -They all did.用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑問詞后強(qiáng)調(diào) Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?二、反意疑問句

7、1、陳述句主語是-one, -body 時(shí)，疑問部分主語用they Nobody says a word, do they ?2、陳述句主語是-thing, this, that 時(shí)，疑問部分主語用it Everything seems all right, doesnt it ?3、陳述句主語是從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，疑問部分用it Swimming is great fun, isnt it ?4、感嘆句的反意疑問句 （感嘆句的附加疑問句，其謂語要求用否定句。） What fine weather, isnt it?5、祈使句的反意疑問句 Do that, will you ? (wo

8、nt you ) 6、Lets , Let us Lets go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?7、Im Im interested in English, arent I ? 8、I wish I wish I were you, may I ?9、含had better, would rather, would like to do Youd better come early, hadnt you ? Youd rather work than play, wouldnt you ?10、陳述句部分含下列否定詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定 few, little

9、, hardly, never, no one, no There is little ink in your pen, is there ?11、加前后綴構(gòu)成的否定，疑問部分仍然用否定 Its unfair, isnt it ?12、陳述部分有must must be 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測(cè) He must be very tired, isnt he ? must have done (對(duì)過去推測(cè)） 有過去時(shí)間狀語 He must have come yesterday, didnt he ? must have done (由過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） He must have lived here

10、at least 10 years , hasnt he ? must + v. 一定要， 必須 You must renew the book, neednt you ?13、當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)（帶that引導(dǎo)賓語從句的）主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，附加疑問句的主謂要和主句的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。但是， 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加疑問句的主語和謂語要和從句的主語，謂語保持一致關(guān)系。而且要注意到否定的轉(zhuǎn)移問題。14、當(dāng)陳述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that

11、；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟賓語從句時(shí)，反意疑問句與后面的賓語從句一致。15、當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句時(shí)，附加疑問句的主謂語要合離它最近的句子的主謂保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。16、在口語和非正式文體中，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答，這時(shí)前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。 如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you?反意疑問句快速記憶表陳述部分的謂語疑問部分Imaren't IWishmay +主語no, nothing, nobody, never,

12、 few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞肯定含義ought to（肯定的）shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語have to+v.(had to+v.)don't +主語(didn't +主語)used todidn't +主語或 usedn't +主語had better + v.hadn't youwould rather + v.wouldn't +主語you'd like to + v.wouldn't +主語感嘆句中be +主語Neithernor,e

13、itheror 連接的并列主語根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定指示代詞或不定代詞Everything/that/nothing/this主語用it并列復(fù)合句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定think, believe, expect,suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或needneed (dare ) +主語dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do +主語省去主語的祈使句will you？Let's 開頭的祈

14、使句Shall we?Let us 開頭的祈使句Will you?there be相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞+there (省略主語代詞）否定前綴不能視為否定詞仍用否定形式must表"推測(cè)"根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來確定反意疑問句1. Be sure to write to us, _? A. will you B. arent youC. can youD. mustnt you2. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will youC. didnt youD. dont yo

15、u3. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _? (2000 上海) A. did they B. didnt theyC. did it D. didnt it4. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they5. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? A. is heB. i

16、snt heC. doesnt sheD. does she6. Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _? (02 上海春季) A. was thereB. wasnt thereC. didnt heD. did he7. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? （04上海） A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt be D. is he8. There is

17、 no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didn't they B. don' t they C. mustn't they D. haven' t they9. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _ ? A. wasnt there B. was thereC. didnt itD. did it 10. He never said th

18、at he was good at mathematics, _ ?（05北京春季） A. was he B. wasnt he C. did he D. didnt heAnswers: 1-10 ABDCDCADAC三、否定句1. notand; notor; notnor, neithernor Its not tall and wide. (部分否定） Its not tall or wide. (全部否定） Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. （全部否定）2. no; not no - adv. -adj. = not a

19、 , not any Sorry, theres no time to talk. not -adv. Ask him, not his wife. I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday. He failed not because he isnt clever but because he didnt work hard.3. no more (not any more); no longer (not any longer) Time lost will return no more. (動(dòng)作的重復(fù)次數(shù)） He doesn

20、t work here any longer.（動(dòng)作的延續(xù)）4. no; none; no one : no 是一個(gè)限定詞，用在單數(shù)（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面，也就是說一個(gè)名詞前面沒有冠詞、物主代詞或者代詞的時(shí)候，才可以用它； 而在the , my, your, this, these, that等詞前面，應(yīng)該使用none of, none, 可指人或物， 而no one指人 There were no letters for you this morning, Im afraid. None of my friends live near here. I stayed in all

21、evening waiting, but no one came. A little money is better than at all. (none) I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none) There is telling when he will be back. (no) -Who is in the room ? - . (No one)5.否定轉(zhuǎn)移： 下列詞后接從句，如果否定，否定詞前移， 但hope 例外， think, believe, expect, suppose I dont think that he wil

22、l come. I hope that it wont rain.6.避免否定誤用 He asked me a second question before I answer the first one. A. could B. couldnt7.Nothing is + 比較級(jí)+ than to + V.Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V.例句：沒有比接受教育更重要的事了。 Nothing is more important than to receive education.8. 。cannot emphasize the importance of

23、 。 too much. （再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào). .的重要性也不為過。）例句：我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。 We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.四、倒裝句 全部倒裝 1.由here, there引起，謂語通常用 be, come, go Look ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell. 2. 由介詞短語引起，謂語通常用be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go, rise Along the wall

24、 stand four big chairs. At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers. 3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起，謂語通常用come, go, run, rush, fly Out rushed the boy. Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 4.以上情況主語如果是代詞，主謂不倒裝 Heres your watch. (Here it is.) Up it went. 5.由個(gè)別副詞引起，謂語通常是be, lie N

25、orth of the city lies (is) a railway. 6. 由such引起， 謂語通常用be Such is what he said. Such are his words.部分倒裝 指謂語的一部分放在主語之前而引起的倒裝，通常是助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前或連系動(dòng)詞提前 1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起 Seldom did he make any mistakes. Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. 2. not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)單句時(shí)，前面

26、的倒裝 Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polite. 3. neithernor連接兩個(gè)單句時(shí)，兩個(gè)句子都倒裝 Neither is he studying, nor is he working. 4. no soonerthan, hardly (scarcely)when No sooner had we got into the room than the telephone rang.5. 由only + 狀語， so + adj. (adv.) 引起 Only then (Only at the age of

27、 18) did he realize the importance of the problem.6. 由as引起 Child as he is, he can work out the problem.7. 虛擬語氣的倒裝 Were I you, I would work harder. Had you come yesterday, you would have known that. Should it rain tomorrow, you wouldnt leave. so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞）+ 主語 You should

28、 work harder and so should I. She hasnt been to Berlin and nor have I. -I went to the zoo yesterday. -So you did. -She is a tailor. -So is she. / So she is.五、祈使句1. do強(qiáng)調(diào)祈使句 Do have another cup of coffee.2. And可連接兩個(gè)祈使句 Wait and see. Come and see this goldfish. Try and (to) see his point of view.3. 祈使句

29、 + and (or) + 簡(jiǎn)單句 Hurry up, or youll be late. (If you dont hurry up, youll be late.) Use your head, and youll find a good way. (If you use your head, youll find a good way.)4.對(duì)祈使句的回答 - Drive carefully! - (Yes,) I will. - Dont take any risk. - (No,) I wont.六、感嘆句1. adj. (Subj. + be ) How lovely ! How

30、adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing ! subj. +v. How you work ! adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is!2. a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man ! (+ adj.) + n. (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)） What What lovely flowers ! ( + adj.) + n. (不可數(shù)名詞） What fine weather ! 七、省略與替代、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略 1在下列動(dòng)詞see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at

31、 ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，要省略不定式符號(hào)。 2在do nothing but / except do 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，在介詞but或except后作賓語時(shí)不定式符號(hào)要省略。 3在would rather和had better后不定式符號(hào)要省略。 4在幾個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，第二個(gè)、第三個(gè)不定式的不定式符號(hào)要省略。 5在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ， be going 等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組后接的不

32、定式中，不定式符號(hào)后面的動(dòng)詞原形常省略。、從句中的省略。 1在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的狀語從句中可以省略主謂部分。Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected （ = if there are any mistakes）Please come again ，if possible（= if it possible for you to come）Fill in the proper articles where necessary（= wher

33、e they are necessary）He wont come ，unless invited (= unless he is invited)He opened his lips as if to say something （= as if he were going to say something） 2 在if引起的從句中如有等詞倒裝時(shí)，省略if。 Were I you, I would not do it.Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.3 We have finish

34、ed our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too) If you don't go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)4賓語從句中連詞that引起的賓語從句和定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that、which，whom等 在定語從句中作賓與可以省略that。、介詞的省略 prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth. h

35、ave trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth.、替代：省略與代替的作用是什么?1so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達(dá)過的詞,短語或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動(dòng)詞有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等2用not代替so的情況.3用不定式符號(hào)代替不定式.4用do在句子中代替其它動(dòng)詞.EXERCISES1.What about having a drink

36、 ? - . A. Go ahead, please. B. Help yourself. C. Good idea. D. Me, too.2.Waiter ! - . -I cant eat this. Its too salty. A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right D. Pardon ?3.You havent been to Beijing ,have you ? - . How I wish to go there ! A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. No, I have D. Yes, I havent4. i

37、t with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave5. It was only when I received his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. then C. that D. so6. -I believe weve met somewhere before. -No, . A. it isnt the same B. it cant be true C. I dont th

38、ink so D. Id rather not7.Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized8. Alice, you feed the bird today, ? - But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you9. I just heard that the tickets for tonight

39、s show have been sold out. -Oh no ! . A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesnt matter C. I knew it already D. Its not at all interesting10. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how11. Only when the war was over to

40、 his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return12. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether13. Lets go swimming, shall we ? - . A.

41、 Its my pleasure B. It doesnt matter C. Yes, lets go D. I agree with you14. - I enjoyed the food very much. - Im glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like. - . A. Is it all right B. Im afraid I wont be free. C. Yes, I will D. Thats great15. Write to me when you get home. - . A. I must B. I

42、should C. I will D. I can 16. Im afraid I cant finish the book within this week. - . A. Please go ahead B. Thats tight C. Not at all. D. Take your time17. Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor? - . A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. Why didnt you call earlier? C.Certainly. May I know your name? D. Sorry, he doesnt want to see you18. What a pity my new computer doesnt work. must be something