祈使句和感嘆句

1、 常青藤·真教育 祈使句和感嘆句1、  祈使句英語中的祈使句常常用來表示請求、命令、建議、勸告和號召等意。對祈使句的考查已成為近幾年高考英語的一個熱點。其肯定形式是由動詞原形開頭，否定形式是在動詞原形之前加 Don't。祈使句的主語通常是 you，但一般并不說出。祈使句的句末用感嘆號或句號，朗讀時，用降調。為了使語氣婉轉、客氣，常在句首或句末加上please。現將其常見類型和考點歸納如下：祈使句有四種句型： 1B型：Be表語（名詞、形容詞等）。如：    Be a good boy！做個乖孩子！ Be quiet,please! 請安靜！2V型：

2、V（行為動詞）賓語 也叫Do型祈使句。這類祈使句在英語中最為常見。這類句子常以動詞原形開頭，末尾用感嘆號或句號。（V若為不及物動詞，則無賓語）其它成分。如： Look after this cat，please 請照看一下這只貓。 Come to school in your new clothes tomorrow! 明天穿上新衣服到學校。Hurry up!趕快！有時與please連用，增加“請求”的意味。如：Please take a seat!Sit down, please!有時為了加強語氣，可以在動詞前加do。如： Do be careful! Do listen to your t

3、eacher!  Do型祈使句構成反意疑問句時，附加問句常用will you，有時也可用wont you或can you等。如： Be quiet, please, will youwont you? Give me a hand, will you?3L型：Let賓語（第一、第三人稱賓格）動詞原形其它成分。如：   1)Lets祈使句的主語是we，指說話者和聽者雙方，表示建議。如： Lets go to the cinema tonight  2)Let us me 祈使句的主語是you，表示請求。如： Let me have a look

4、at your new motor Let me try again 3). Let him/her祈使句的主語是you，表示請求。Let him/her carry the box upstairs.用"let"的祈使句時，必須注意下列幾點： 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果賓語是第三人稱用"Don't let."，如果賓語是第一人稱，則用"Let.not" Don't let this type of things happen again. It's raining now. Let

5、's not go out until after the rain. 二、"Let"只適用于現在時態(tài)，可以有被動語態(tài) (the passive voice)，如： Let the criminals be sent to prison. 三、"Let"后頭除了是不帶"to"的不定式動詞之外，還可以是某些適當的副詞，如out, in, down, alone等： Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny

6、. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 四、用"Let's"時，把談話者的對象包括在內；用"Let us"時，并不包括對方，如： Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 從上面句子里的"shall we"和"will you"，不難知道前者包括聽話人，后者并沒有。4D型：Don't動詞原形其它成分。如： 1)一般來說，祈使句的否定形式是在動詞前邊加dont。 如

7、： Dont do that again Please dont be late again  2)有時在動詞前邊加never，起加強語氣的作用。如： Never play with fire Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time   3)Dont型祈使句構成反意疑問句時，附加問句常用will you。如： Dont be noisy, will you? Never forget to bring your ID Card when traveling, will you?

8、   Don't go there nowPlease dont play with fireDont play with fire, please 請別玩火。Dont let the children play football on the road 不要讓孩子們在馬路上踢球。Lets not wait outside the gate咱們別在門外等。另外祈使句還有一些形式：A. 含主語型祈使句    1)有時為了強調、對比或表示說話人的意愿、情緒或者安排工作，祈使句需要帶上主語。如：You go awayEveryone shut

9、 the mouthYou girls clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor    2)含主語型祈使句構成反意疑問句時，用法與Do型祈使句一致。如： Everyone sit down, will you?   B. 無動詞型祈使句    有時可以省略祈使句的動詞，成為無動詞祈使句。如：    To the bus stop    Just a minute, please 

10、60;  No smoking    C. 條件祈使句    祈使句還可以用來表示條件，用于“祈使句andor并列分句”句型，相當于“if 條件句主句”。如：    Use your head and you will have a good idea     If you use your head, you will have a good idea    Hurry up or well be late If we dont hu

11、rry up, we will be lateD. 祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起強調作用。意為“務必；一定”等。例如： Do come, please請一定來！Do tell her the thing 務必告訴她此事。注：祈使語氣委婉的句型1)“Will/Would/Can/Could you pleasev.(動詞原形)?”Will/Would/Can/Could you please give us instructions for using the lab?請給我們講講使用實驗室的規(guī)則吧，好嗎？2)“Would you mindv-ing(動名詞)?”Would you mind a

12、llowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard?請允許我們使用器皿柜旁邊的洗臉盆，好嗎？3)“Why notv.(動詞原形)?”Why not do as your teacher tells you to?為什么不按你們老師吩咐的去做呢？4)“祈使句+附加疑問句？”“Let us do, will you/won't you?”Let us do the experiment ourselves, will/won't you?允許我們自己作實驗，好嗎？“Let's do, shall we/shan&#

13、39;t we?”Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall/shan't we? 讓我們核實一下關燈和鎖門的事吧，好嗎？“Let me do, will you/won't you/may I?”“Do, will/won't/would you/can/can't/could you?”Show me how to use this water pump, won't you?教我怎樣使用這臺抽水泵，好嗎？“Don't do, will

14、 you?” 別碰我書桌上的文件，好嗎？ Model：現在停止吹氣，你就會發(fā)現玻璃又明凈了。Now stop blowing，and soon you will find the glass clear again，1) 動動腦筋，你就會想出更好的辦法來 2) 再問問她，她就會告訴你的。 3)下午把書帶來，我替你還。 【祈使句專項練習】I. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any nise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak

15、) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (ca

16、tch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.II. 選擇填空 ( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No ( )2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ( )4

17、. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read ( )6. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with ( )7.They are

18、 very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to ( )8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont ( ) 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )10.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B

19、 dont C arent D cant ( )11. Why dont you join us in the game? A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ( ) 12 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang. A Lets B Let me C Letus D Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,_? A does he B will he C do you D will you ( )14. Lets do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will

20、you C do we D do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you 感嘆句 一、感嘆句通常有what, how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結構主要有以下幾種：1）How +形容詞+ a +名詞+陳述語序How clever a boy he is!2）How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序How lovely the baby is!3）How主語謂語！How time flies!4）What +名詞+陳述語序What

21、 noise they are making!5）What+a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序What a clever boy he is!6）What+ 形容詞+復數名詞+陳述語序What wonderful ideas (we have)!7）What+ 形容詞+不可數名詞+陳述語序What cold weather it is!句型1）、5）可以互相轉化。特別提示：如何判斷用what還是用how方法一：凡是有a, an開頭的，多用what!方法二：凡是形容詞直接加名詞多用what!方法三：其他一般用how。二、如何把陳述句改為感嘆句陳改感嘆并不難：What或How置句前， 形、副緊跟how后，

22、what(冠)要和形名連， 主語謂語在句末，它們省略也常見。除以上口訣外，把陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時，還可以根據這種方法：“一斷二加三換位”?！耙粩唷?，即在謂語后邊斷開，使句子分為兩部分。例如：He is a good teacherHe isa good teacher“二加”，即在第二部分前加上how(強調副詞，形容詞)或what(強調名詞)。如：He is(what) a good teacher“三換位”，即把第一部分和第二部分互換位置，句號換感嘆號。例如：What a good teacher he is!感嘆句的省略形式為：What a clever boy (he is)!【感嘆句專練

23、】從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. Hello,Zhu Hua.Ill have to return to Canada because Ive worked here for a year. ! A.What time fliesB.How time flies C.What does time flyD.How does time fly2.! You should take this chance to attend it. A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it is C.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is3. What sport do you like best? Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board!