初級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)培訓(xùn)教材

1、第四章形容詞S1.形容詞的用法形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞,兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1.兩種形容詞A。性質(zhì)形容詞直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞。它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語,表語和補(bǔ)語。The beautiful girl spoke excellent English.The girl is beautiful.Well try our best to make our school beautiful.B。敘述形容詞因?yàn)檫@類形容詞只能作表語,所有又稱表語形容詞,這類詞沒有級(jí)的變化,也不可以用程度副詞修飾

2、。大多數(shù)以開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。She is ill.The boy is afraid of his father.The sick man was afraid of death.C。還有一類形容詞是說明事物間的關(guān)系或事物的用途,時(shí)間,方位的,這類形容詞通常沒有級(jí)的變化,也不能用程度副詞修飾。Chinese ,permanent,eastern2.形容詞的位置形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前面,但形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語是,要放在這些詞語之后。We saw some thing white in the dark.Is there anything imporant

3、in the newspaper?There is nothing important in the newspaper.3.需注意的形容詞用法A。形容詞和定冠詞。有些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或事物,這時(shí),它相對(duì)于一個(gè)名詞,可以作主語或賓語,表示一類人時(shí),看作復(fù)數(shù);表示一類事物時(shí),看作單數(shù)。Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.The wounded (old are well looked after.We all love the beautiful.B。形容詞的順序形容詞有冠詞(a,an,the或代詞(my,this,that

4、修飾時(shí),詞序?yàn)?冠詞或代詞+形容詞+名詞。a tall boyan insteresting bookmy good friendC。形容詞作定語的后置1前面講到形容詞作定語時(shí),位置要放在所修飾的名詞前面,但當(dāng)它帶有表示量度的詞或詞組時(shí),定語后置。They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.2帶有表示量度的詞或詞組,作表語時(shí),也后置。The bridge is a hundred meters long.The building is thi

5、rteen storeys high.They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.Last year we built a building thirteen-storey-high.3另外,一些形容詞或形容詞詞組常用來放在句首,句中或句尾,作狀語。He returned home,tired and hungry.Cold and hungry,he walked in the street.S2.形容詞的比較等級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞有比較級(jí)的變化,即原級(jí),比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),用來表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則

6、變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1.規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er.-est來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 2.不規(guī)則變化 S3.形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法形容詞比較等級(jí)通?？煞譃樵?jí),比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種基本形,具體而言,它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中。a.as+原級(jí)+as和相同b.比較級(jí)+than比較為c.the+最高級(jí)+of(in在.中最為1.原級(jí)的用法A。句型:A+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as B(表示A和B兩者比較,程度相同Tom is as honest as John.Her skin is as white as snow.My dog

7、is as old as that one.This jacket is as cheap as that one.B。否定句:A+not+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as B=A+not+so+形容詞原級(jí)+as B(表示A。B兩者程度不同,即A比如B那么He Is not as (so tall as I.The weather in Beijing is not as(=so hot as the weather in Wuhan.There are not as(=so many books in our library as in your library.C。疑問句:Be動(dòng)詞+A+as+形容詞

8、原級(jí)+as BIs he as busy as before?Is there as much water in this glass as in that one?2.須注意的原級(jí)用法A。表示倍數(shù)的句型times as+形容詞原級(jí)+as(是.的幾倍This pig is two times as large as that one This garden is ten times as large as that one.There are now twice as many schools in the town as in 1972.B。Half as +形容詞原級(jí)+as(表示的一半.M

9、y handwriting is not half as good as yours.C。Asas possible(表示“盡可能.”.3。比較級(jí)的用法I am older than you.A。句型:A+動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B二者相比較,說明“A比B更.一些”時(shí)要用個(gè)連詞than引導(dǎo)從句Mary is happier than Jane.His brother is younger than I (me.Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.You look younger today than before.4.須注意的比較級(jí)用法A。在形容詞比

10、較級(jí)前還可以用much,ever,still,a little ,.來修飾表示“.的多”,“甚至.”“更.”,“.一些”O(jiān)ur city is much more beautiful than yours.This is even hander than steel.He is even slower than before.Japan is a little larger than Germany.B。表示倍數(shù):.times+形容詞比較級(jí)+thanOur room is twice larger than theirs.The Yangzi River is ten times longer

11、 than the river in your city.C。表示“大多少歲”。“高多少”時(shí)要用表示數(shù),量的詞+比較級(jí)來表示。I'm two years older than you.She is a head taller than I(meD比較級(jí)+ than any other +單數(shù)名詞表示“比其他的任何都(這個(gè)句型是用比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。He is better than any other student in the class.This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.E。比較級(jí)

12、+ and+比較級(jí)譯為越來越.The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China is more and more beautiful.F.the+ 比較級(jí), the + 比較級(jí).譯為“越 就越.”The busier he is , the happier he feels.The higher the ground(is.the thinner air beconmes.G.the +比較級(jí) + of the two 譯為“兩個(gè)中比較的”。This watch is the cheaper of the two.He is the better of

13、the two.H. Which(Who is +比較級(jí)?比較A和B,問“哪一個(gè)較?”時(shí)用which is +比較級(jí),Aor B?句型。如果是人與人相比時(shí),用who代替which。Which one is more popular, the radio or the movie ?The radio is.Who is happier , your or your father ?I am.My father is.5.最高級(jí)的用法A. 句型 A+動(dòng)詞 +形容詞最高級(jí) + of(in表示三者或三者以上的(人或事物的比較,其中有一個(gè)在某一方面超過其他幾個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞th

14、e,后面可帶of(in短語來說明比較的范圍。Tom is the happiest of us all.This park Is the most beautiful of the three.6.須注意的最高級(jí)用法A. one of the +最高級(jí),表示“是最之一者?！盨hanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.Our city is one of the most important languages is English.B. most +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,most of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或 most of +代詞,表示“大多數(shù),大部分的Most people like apples.Most of the boys are good.Most of (his books them were written here.C.最高級(jí)的表示方法我們可以用原級(jí),比較級(jí),最高級(jí)三種放式來表達(dá)最高級(jí),總結(jié)如下:She is the best in class.She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in