初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解_練習(xí)_答案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法講解1.構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have(has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,說(shuō)明句子的意義。2.用法(1表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已經(jīng)吃午飯了嗎?我剛剛吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了(2表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since

2、等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如:He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。3.結(jié)構(gòu)1.陳述句結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have( has(not+過(guò)去分詞+其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2.一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu):Have( Has +主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它?3.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have(has +主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞+其它?e.g. He has already finished his homework.He hasnt f

3、inished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.4表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”,常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍,故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years

4、 ago等。但是,在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí),可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?-I have never be

5、en to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過(guò)她,但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過(guò)那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term等。例如:-Have y

6、ou met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你見過(guò)他嗎?我沒有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次?(2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用,必須改為“be(在”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:arrivebe

7、 here begin(startbe ondie be dead c ome backbe backleave be away fall ill(sick,asleepbe ill(sick,asleepget upbe up go out be outfinish be over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或be a member ofclose be closed go to schoolbe a studentborrow keep buy havecatch(a cold have(a coldget to know knowb

8、eg in to studystudy come to workwork等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years. 我們(開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的

9、結(jié)果或影響等,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生,不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較:I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。(現(xiàn)在還未找到I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。(昨天丟的,現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說(shuō)明6.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)(1have been(to與have gone( to的區(qū)別:have been(to表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了”,可用于各人稱;have gone(to表示“去某地了(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)亍?常用于第三人稱,前者可與once ,never,several times等連用,后者則不能。如:They have

10、 been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2如單純表示一段時(shí)間,或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時(shí)。如: It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。(3終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式,已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái),我一直沒有離開過(guò)這兒?，F(xiàn)

11、在完成時(shí)練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇(1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know(2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. still(3、Have you met Mr Li _?A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago (4、The famous writer _ one new book in the p

12、ast two year .A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. has written(5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed; wellB. changed; goodC. has changed; betterD. changed; better(6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has; studiedD.

13、are; studying(7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew(8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. see(9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. hav

14、e they gone (10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD.will; do; finish(11、His father _ the club since 1988.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in(12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.

15、A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made(13、How long have you _ here?About seven years.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived(14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began(15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu.A. isB. hasC. willD. was(16、Miss Green isn&#

16、39;t in the office. She _ to the library.A. has goneB. wentC. will goD. has been(17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been(18、He _ for 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up(19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days.A. isB.

17、catchesC. has caughtD. has had(20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university漢譯英1、吉姆已做完作業(yè),他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。4、她還沒有看過(guò)那部新電影。5、她去過(guò)上海。Keys:1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往

18、無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already(已經(jīng),just(剛剛,正好,ever(曾經(jīng),never(從來(lái),也不;從不,before(以前,yet(仍然等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently(近來(lái),so far(到目前為止,in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間,句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用(含從句,從句過(guò)去時(shí)。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once(一次,twice(兩次,three times(三次,several times(幾次等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆,就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳