動詞的時態(tài)上

1、動詞的時態(tài)（上）A:一般現(xiàn)在時棗通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu) ：1）be動詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。 有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟著他她它, 復(fù)數(shù)都用are 肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are(否) No,主語 + am /is/are not縮寫形式: Im = I am Thats =That isWere =We are Whats= What

2、 is Youre = You are Whos = Who isTheyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is isnt=is notShes =She is arent=are not Its = It is 2）行為動詞除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞 詞尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) ， 否定式:主語+助動詞 dont/doesnt +動詞原形+其他 疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not

3、 縮寫形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 用法： 1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習慣的動作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時間狀語連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作 . eg. Here comes the train.

4、 4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時 . eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般過去時棗表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過去式表示。 結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.動詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。 2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞后加或,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶。 肯定式:主語+動詞的過去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主語 + did not + 動詞原

5、形 + 其他 eg.John didnt live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago? 簡略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語 +did (否)No , 主語 + didnt. 用法 ：1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). eg.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用. eg.He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和wh

6、en等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常與表示過去的時間狀語, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用. eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. C:一般將來時棗表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞shall/will + 動詞原形（當主語第一人稱時，一般用

7、shall，當主語為第三人稱時，用will，但主語為第一人稱時，也用will 肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will .(否)No,主語+shall/will+not 縮寫形式: ll =shall/willshant= shall not wont = will not 用法: 1.表示將要發(fā)生的動 作或情況,常用時間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from n

8、ow on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe Chinas population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某種必然的趨勢 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析： 1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me y

9、our pen? 2.當主語是第一人稱時,用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動詞原形也可表示將來時. (1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Lo

10、ok at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. D:現(xiàn)在進行時棗表示目前或目前階段正在進行的動作。 結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are + 動詞的-ing形式 用法： 1.表示目前發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now,at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前階段正在進行,而此刻不

11、一定在進行的動作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按計劃或安排即將進行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時. eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 練習題： 1.Mary an

12、d Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4.The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playgr

13、ound. 5.Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. 思考題: 1.The Chinese people _(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful. 2.Hell write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon. 4.The sky is black. It _ (rain), Im afraid. 5.If it _(not snow)tomorrow,well go skating 6.Mr and Mrs Green_(travel)