英語必修ⅰ人教新課標(biāo)同步知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)練考--直接引語和間接引語（

1、直接引語和間接引語（1）-陳述句和疑問句【教法探析】直接引語和間接引語一、定義引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(direct speech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(indirect speech)。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用引號(hào)，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。二、功能Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”布菜克先生說：“我很忙”。（直接引語）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語）從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對直接引

2、語中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was。現(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題,分述如下：三、概述（一）直接引語是陳述句時(shí)直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1.人稱的變化直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you，your，yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓

3、語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。He said, “I like it very much.” 他說：“我非常喜歡它”。He said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he, it不變)He said, “You told me this story.”他說：“你給我講過這個(gè)故事?！盚e said that I had told him that

4、story.他說我給他講過那個(gè)故事。(You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told)He said to me, “Shes left her book in your room”.他對我說：“她把書放在你的房間里去了?！盚e told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。（Shesshe had， her不變，yourmy）2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化（1）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(不變)一

5、般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說：“我常在星期天看電視”。He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。He said, “Im using the knife.”他說：“我正在用小刀。”He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在

6、用小刀。She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說：“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信?！盨he said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。He said，“I came to help you.”他說：“我來幫助你?！盚e said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他說：“晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。”He

7、said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。Zhou Lan said, “Ill do it after class.”周蘭說：“下課后我就去做。”Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他說：“那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)?！盚e said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。He

8、 said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他說：“我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作?！盚e said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “The earth is round.”老師說：“地球是圓的。”The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓

9、的。He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他說: “我1965年生于山東。”He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生于山東。He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他說：“哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲?！盚e said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。（2）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)

10、一律不變He says, “I finished the work.”他說：“我做完工作了?！盚e says that he finished the work. 他說他做完工作了。He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他會(huì)說：“我己經(jīng)澆花了。”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會(huì)說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的相應(yīng)變化見下表：直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis w

11、eek (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month)the next week (month)地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng) 詞comegobringtakeHe said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他說“我今天早晨見到史密斯了?！盚e said that he had m

12、et Mr. Smith that morning. 他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了。He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他說：“我們昨天去電影院了?！盚e said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉說：“我下個(gè)月回來?！盠ily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉說她下一個(gè)月就回去。He said, “It is nin

13、e oclock now.”他說：“現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了?！盚e said that it was nine oclock then.他說那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了。He said, “I havent seen her today.”他說：“今天我沒見到她。”He said that he hadnt seen her that day .他說那天他沒有見到她。She said, “I went there yesterday.”她說：“昨天我去了那兒?！盨he said that she had gone there the day before.她說前一天她去了那兒。She said, “Ill go there

14、 tomorrow.”她說：“明天我將去那兒?！盨he said that she would go there the next day.她說第二天她將去那兒。He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他說：“三天前我妹妹在這兒。”He said that his sister had been there three days before.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她說：“今晚我將來這兒?！盨he said that

15、 she would go there that evening.她說那晚她將去那兒。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上這些變化,要根據(jù)說話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。直接引語中的一般過去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。Father said, “I am free this afternoon ”父親說：“我今天下午有空。”Father said that he was

16、free this afternoon. 父親說他今天下午有空。He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他說“我明天去那里。”He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他說他明天去那里。巧記:去掉引號(hào)加that，人稱變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定。（二）直接引語是疑問句時(shí)直接引語如為疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)，須將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序。其人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if(或whether)替引號(hào)，陳述語序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語要變化，千萬別把它忘掉。1.直接引語是一般問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須用連接

17、詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語的賓語從句。如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。如果謂語動(dòng)詞后沒有間接賓語，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “Is your father an engineer?”她說：“你父親是工程師嗎?”She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她問我說我父親是否是工程師。The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老師對李明說：“你做完作業(yè)了嗎?”T

18、he teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問李明是否已做完作業(yè)了。2.直接引語是特殊問句如果直接引語為特殊疑問句, 改為間接引語時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問句中的疑問詞what, where, when, who, how many作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語中的賓語從句，但須將疑問式的動(dòng)詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。巧記：直接去引號(hào)，陳述語序莫忘掉。助動(dòng)do(does)、did，要去掉。“What do you do every Sunday morning?” my frie

19、nd said to me.我的朋友問我說，每星期天上午你做什么?My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友問我每星期天上午我做什么?！癢here have you been, Li Ming?” the teacher asked. 老師問道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老師問李明曾去過哪兒。I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我問她說：“下學(xué)期你將

20、讀多少本英語書? ”I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我問她下學(xué)期將讀多少本英文書?！癢hen did you get up this morning?” asked my father.我父親問道：“今天早晨你什么時(shí)候起床的?”My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父親問我那天早晨我是什么時(shí)候起床的。注意： 直接引語里是：Whats wrong with?/Whats the matter? /Whats the trouble?/W

21、hat has happened?/等特殊疑問句時(shí),間接引語的語序不變。He said to her “Whats the matter with you?”他問她“你怎么了？”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他問她怎么了?！緦W(xué)法導(dǎo)引】英語中直接引語與間接引語的學(xué)習(xí)直接引語就是直接引用別人的話，一般放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；間接引語就是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不加引號(hào)。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，間接引語通常以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)還要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)狀語的變化。還有就是別忘了去掉直接引語中的引號(hào)。1. 直接引語是陳述

22、句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法如果直接引語是陳述句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由連詞that引導(dǎo)（that可省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody（對某人說），通常變?yōu)閠ell somebody（告訴某人）。He said, “I get on well with people here.” He said that he got on well with people there.Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.” Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.John sa

23、id to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.【注意】如果直接引語是兩個(gè)并列的陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，第一個(gè)賓語從句前的that有時(shí)可省略，但第二個(gè)賓語從句前的that不可省略。He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.” He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to

24、 go swimming with us.2. 直接引語是一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用連詞whether 或if 引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)把原來的疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked，沒有間接賓語時(shí)，還可根據(jù)具體情況加一個(gè)間接賓語，如me, us, him等。The teacher said, “Will you be back today?” The teacher asked (him) if /whether he would be back that day.He asked, “Has the bell rung?”

25、 He asked if / whether the bell had rung.“Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示詢問、征求意見） He wanted to know if/whether he should tell her my telephone number.【注意】 “Would you like to.?”和“Would you please.?” 表示的是請求，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式形式?！癢ouldyouliketohelpmewithmy lessons?” she

26、asked me. She asked me to help her with her lessons.3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法直接引語如果是特殊疑問句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引導(dǎo)的疑問句），變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，但要把原來的疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。He asked, “Who can carry the box?” He asked who could carry the box. (who做主語，語序不變)He asked, “

27、Who is the man near the window?” He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表語，要改為陳述句語序）“Which one do you like best here?” he asked her. He asked her which one she liked best there.“How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征詢意見） She wanted to know how she should read the book.【模擬練習(xí)】.改錯(cuò)：

28、1. He said that he is going to London.2. Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.3. They asked that he was there.4. I asked you where was he going.5. He asked me who I am.6. Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.7. Mother asked what the matter was.將下列句子改為間接引語1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”

29、 Mother asked me.2. The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”3. He said, “Ill go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”4. “Hello, how are you?” he said to me.5. Tom said to me angrily, “Why dont you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”6. John said to

30、Mary, “Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”7. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.8. The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”參考答案:. 1. iswas2. yesterdaythe day before3. thatif4. was hehe was5. amwas6. tomorrowthe next day7. was the matter. 1.Moth

31、er asked me where I would go the next day.2. The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.3. He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.4. He asked me how I was.5. Tom asked me angrily why I didnt tell him I had been there for two weeks.6. John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamon