清潔生產(chǎn)考試試題及答案

1、精品文檔 Pollution Preve ntion 污染預(yù)防 Waste Mi nimizatio n 廢物最少化 End pipe Treatme nt 末端治理 Source con trol 源控希 9 Clea ner Productio n T ech no logy 清潔生產(chǎn)工藝 Pollut ing con trol tech no logy 污染控制工藝 No Waste Techn ology 無廢工藝 Low Waste Tech no logy 低廢工藝 An ticipate and preve nt strategies 預(yù)防和預(yù)估戰(zhàn)略 Avoida nee str

2、ategy 回避戰(zhàn)略 Desig ned for En vir onment 為環(huán)境而設(shè)計 Fron t-e nd resource man ageme nt 首尾管理 Waste avoida nee 污染回避 Waste reduction 污染削減 Gree n productivity (綠色生產(chǎn)) In dustrial Ecology/I ndustrial Metabolism 工藝生態(tài)學(xué) / 工業(yè)新陳代謝 Life Cycle Assessme nt 生命周期評價 Cyclic economy 循環(huán)經(jīng)濟 Susta in able developme nt 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Stra

3、tegic En viro nmen tal Assessme nt 戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價 2.1 The defi ni tion of Clea ner Production (UNEP and CP promotio n law ) 答:Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated preve ntive en vir onmen tal strategy to processes, products, and services 可編輯 精品文檔 to in crease overall efficie n

4、cy, and reduce risks to huma ns and the en vir onment. UNEP （聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署）清潔生產(chǎn)是指將綜合預(yù)防的環(huán)境保護策略持續(xù)應(yīng)用 于生產(chǎn)過程和產(chǎn)品中，以期減少對人類和環(huán)境的風(fēng)險。 Cleaner production as used in this Law means the continuous application of measures for desig n improveme nt （改進設(shè)計）,utilizati on of clea n en ergy and raw materials, the impleme ntat

5、i on of adva need processes （工 藝）,tech no logies and equipme nt, improveme nt of man ageme nt and comprehe nsive utilizati on of resources to reduce pollutio n at source, enhance the rates of resource utilizati on efficie ncy, reduce or avoid polluti on gen erati on and discharge in the course of pr

6、oduct ion, provisi on of services and product use, so as to decrease harm to the health of huma n beings and the en vir onment 清潔生產(chǎn)促進法中清潔生產(chǎn)的定義：清潔生產(chǎn)是指不斷采取改進設(shè)計， 使用 清潔的能源和原料，采用先進的工藝技術(shù)與設(shè)備，改善管理，綜合利用等措施， 從源頭消減污染，提高資源利用效率，減少或者避免生產(chǎn)服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品使用過程中 污染物的產(chǎn)生和排放，以減輕或者消除對人類健康和環(huán)境的危害。 2.2. Target （目的） of clea ner product

7、 ion protect human being and environment, enhance the profit of the orga ni zati on 23 Try to describe the category （種類 范疇）of clea ner product ion audit （審核） 可編輯 精品文檔 Accord ing to Clea ner product ion promoti on law, CP audit can be divided into voluntary （自愿）audits and compulsory audits （強制性審核） 2.

8、4 Try to talk about the time limitatio n of clea ner product ion audit for various en terprises 自企業(yè)名單公布后一年以內(nèi)完成審核。 強制性清潔生產(chǎn)審核的企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)在名單公布后二個月內(nèi)開展清潔生產(chǎn)審核。 （1） “雙有”企業(yè)，兩次審核的間隔時間不得超過五年； （2） 五個重金屬污染防治重點行業(yè)的重點企業(yè)， 每兩年完成一輪清潔生產(chǎn)審核； （3） 七個產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)的重點企業(yè)，每三年完成一輪清潔生產(chǎn)審核； （4） 重點企業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)行業(yè)分類管理名錄確定的其他重污染行業(yè)的重點企業(yè)， 每五年開展一輪清潔生產(chǎn)審核；

9、（5） 自愿實施清潔生產(chǎn)審核的企業(yè)可以向有管轄權(quán)的發(fā)展改革（經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易）行 政主管部門和環(huán)境保護行政主管部門提供擬進行清潔生產(chǎn)審核的計劃， 并按照清 潔生產(chǎn)審核計劃的內(nèi)容、程序組織清潔生產(chǎn)審核。 2.5、 Describe the procedure of CP audit 清潔生產(chǎn)審核程序包括審核預(yù)備、預(yù)審核、審核、方案的產(chǎn)生和篩選、可行性分 析、方案的實施、持續(xù)清潔生產(chǎn)。 Clea ner product ion audit program in cludi ng audit preparati on, preliminary review, audit, scheme generation

10、 and screening, feasibility an alysis, project impleme ntati on, continu ous clea ner product ion 。 2.6、 When the enterprise violates which items ， can be seen as not pass 精品文檔 通過清潔生產(chǎn)評估） 2.7. When the enterprise violates which items , can be seen as not pass the assessme nt of clea ner producti on a

11、udit 1. 不滿足評估標準中的任何一條 Do not satisfy the evaluation criteria of any one 2. 清潔生產(chǎn)審核報告質(zhì)量上存在重大問題，主要指： （1） 審核重點設(shè)置錯誤或清潔生產(chǎn)目標設(shè)置不合理。 （2） 沒有對本次審核范圍做全面的清潔生產(chǎn)潛力分析。 （3） 數(shù)據(jù)存在重大錯誤，包括相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)與環(huán)境統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)偏差較大等。 3. 企業(yè)沒有按國家規(guī)定淘汰命令禁止的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、工藝、設(shè)備以及產(chǎn)品。 4. 在清潔生產(chǎn)審核過程中弄虛作假。 2. Clea ner product ion audit report on the quality of the maj

12、or problems exist，mainly refers to :（1） the key point setting error or clean production goal setting is not reas on able. （2） not to make a comprehensive range of the audit of cleaner product ion pote ntial an alysis. （3） data there are big mistakes, in cludi ng related data and en vir onmen tal sta

13、tistics, such as large deviati on. 3. The en terprise did not accordi ng to the provisi ons of the state out of the banned product ion tech no logies, processes, equipme nt and products. the clea ner product ion assessme nt （當(dāng)企業(yè)違反了哪些項目，可以被視為不 可編輯 可編輯 精品文檔 4. In the clea n product ion audit fraud in

14、the process. 2.8 Whe n the en terprise violates which items , can be see n as not pass the check and accepta nee of clea ner producti on audit (1)不滿足驗收標準中的任何一條 Dont meet the accepta nee sta ndard of any one (2)企業(yè)在方案實施過程中弄虛作假，虛報環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟效益，包括相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)與環(huán) 境統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)偏差較大情況 Enterprises in the implementation process of

15、 deception, any en vir onmen tal and econo mic ben efits, in cludi ng related data and en vir onmen tal statistics data deviatio n larger situati on 2.9. Try to describe the eight factors related to wastes produce. (1) Raw materials and en ergies ( 2) Tech no logies ( 3) Equipme nts (4) Con trol of

16、the producti on processes (5) Products (6) Wastes Man ageme nts (8) Stuff 2.10. Where the driv ing force come from for the en terprises to carry out CP audit (1)企業(yè)對CP感興趣：(用戶壓力：生意上的競爭，競爭對手，借貸人的要求， 市場潛力；外部壓力：職工家庭，政府機構(gòu)貿(mào)易協(xié)會；管理壓力：地方團體，法律 和標準，法規(guī)體系；來自內(nèi)部的壓力：社會責(zé)任，生意事宜，貿(mào)易聯(lián)合，職工健 康)(2)受市場驅(qū)動而參加CP 2.12、Definition

17、 of Pay Back Period, NPV, Internal Rate of Return 可編輯 精品文檔 Pay Back Period : The payback period of an investment is essentially a measure of how long it takes to break-even for an investment. In other words - how many weeks, mon ths or years does it take to get back the in vestme nt capital that has

18、 bee n laid out for a project or a piece of equipme nt. In ternal Rate of Retur n : Many readers are likely more familiar with the term return on investment ( ROI ) . ROI is defined as the interest rate that would result in a return on the invested capital equivale nt to the project return. NPV : Th

19、e prese nt value of net ben efits (PVNB) shows the worth of a pollution prevention project in terms of a present value sum. The PVNB is determ ined by calculat ing the prese nt value of all ben efits, doing the same for all costs, and the n subtract ing the two totals. 投資回收期的定義、凈現(xiàn)值、內(nèi)部收益率 投資回收期本質(zhì)上是一個

20、衡量需要多長時間才能盈虧平衡的投資。換句話說 ，有 多少幾周、幾個月或者幾年才能找回自己的投資資本 ，一直追尋的一個項目或一 個塊設(shè)備。 許多讀者可能更熟悉術(shù)語投資回報(ROI)。ROI被定義為利率，會導(dǎo)致投資資本回 報率相當(dāng)于項目的回報。 凈收益的現(xiàn)值(PVNB)顯示了價值的一個污染防治項目方面的現(xiàn)值總和。 這個 PVNB是由計算現(xiàn)值的所有好處，做同樣的所有成本，然后減去兩個總數(shù)。 2.13. Definition of cleaner production audit 可編輯 精品文檔 Defin iti on: “ Clea ner product ion audit ” as men

21、ti oned in these Measures shall mean the process of follow ing certa in procedures to inv estigate into and diag nose the product ion and service process so as to find out the causes of high energy consumption, high material con sumptio n and heavy polluti on and to ren der solutio ns for reduci ng

22、the use and product ion of toxic or harmful materials and decreasing energy consumption, material consumption and wastes, and therefore to select the tech ni cally, econo mically and en vir onmen tally feasible clea ner product ion pla ns. 清潔生產(chǎn)審核，是指按照一定程序，對生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)過程進行調(diào)查和診斷， 找出能 耗高、物耗高、污染重的原因，提出減少有毒有害物料的使用、產(chǎn)生，降低能耗、