名詞性從句學(xué)案

1、名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案班級組別 姓名【自主學(xué)習(xí)，明確目標】1. 教學(xué)目標：1 ）了解名詞性從句的定義、種類，及其位置。2）掌握名詞性從句的語序，引導(dǎo)詞的選擇及其技巧。2. 教學(xué)重點：熟記that, whether, if, what, which等引導(dǎo)詞的特殊用法。3. 易混淆點：1） whether, if 的區(qū)別； 2 ） that, what 的區(qū)別；3） what, which 的區(qū)別 4）主語從句中的主謂一致問題?！咀灾鲗W(xué)習(xí)，問題生成】一、感受名詞性從句：猜猜下列諺語的漢語意思，并判斷各句中的名詞性從句分別是什么從句。1. What's lost is lost.（ 句意：從句）

2、2. It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.（句意：從句）3. Don' t put off till tomorrow what should be done today .（句意：從句）4. Childre n arewhat the mothers are .（ 句意：從句）5. Wehold this truth that all menare created equal.（句意：從句）二、基礎(chǔ)知識回顧：1. 名詞性從句的定義、句法功能和分類由連接詞引導(dǎo),在復(fù)合句中起 詞作用的從句叫 名詞性從句（Noun

3、Clauses）。名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任 語、語、語和 語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的句法功能，名詞性從句又可分別分為從句、從句、從句，和從句。2. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞，及其在句中的作用。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用連詞that（無意義）,whether/ if （是否）不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用連接代詞what, who, whom（ 賓格）, which, whose, whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever主語，賓語，表語，whose只作定語連接副詞whe n, where, why, how, because

4、 whe never, wherever, however狀語3.解題方法：1）.找出主句的謂語，確定是什么從句。2）.分析從句的句子成分，缺什么，補什么；不缺句子成分，不缺意思，就選;不缺句子成分，只缺"是否”，就選或if ;缺主語/賓語/表語，就補連接詞，選what, who, whom,which等；缺狀語，就補連接 詞，選 when, where, why, how 等。3）.確定詞性后，再根據(jù)句子的意思選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞。我的問題：（你在預(yù)習(xí)中有哪些未能解決的問題和有疑問的地方寫在下面做個備忘吧！等待課堂上與老 師和同學(xué)他就討論解決。）【合作探究，解決問題】探究一：觀察句子，

5、找出主句謂語，劃出從句，判斷從句類型。1. Whoever comes is welcome. （ 從句）2. It isreportedthat three people were killedin the trafficaccide ntyesterday.(從句）3. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （ 從句）4.1 wondered why you were so angry. （ 從句）5. It all depe nds on how we solve the problem. （ 從句）6. I think it

6、 n ecessary that we should do our homework. （ 從句）7. I have no idea which one I should choose. （ 從句）小結(jié)一：從句在復(fù)合句中作主語。 從句一般位于主句 詞或介詞之后（如例1），為避免主語冗長，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用 作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末（如例2）。2. 在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句叫作 從句。它常位于 詞或介詞之后（如例4, 5）。當(dāng)賓語后面還有賓補時，常用 作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的賓語從句放到 （如例7）3. 在復(fù)合句中用作表語的從句叫作 從句。它一般位于 動詞之后。（如例3）。4. 同位

7、語從句一般位于 fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, information, doubt,hope, opinion,plan, suggestion等抽象詞之后，進一步解釋和說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。（如例8）探究二：名詞性從句的語序問題：選擇最佳答案。1. No one can be surein a millio n years.A. what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will

8、man like2. You can' t imaginewhen they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited小結(jié)二：名詞性從句在句中要用 語序,（即連接詞+主語+謂語），從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于從句的句首。探究三：主謂一致問題：（用括號中的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。）1. When the meeti ng will begi n（have） not bee

9、 n decided yet.2. When and where the meeti ng will begi n（have） not bee n decided yet.3. When they will start and where they will go（be） still unknown.4. What we n eed（be） more time.5. What we n eed（be） more dicti on aries.小結(jié)三：1.單個的主語從句作主語時，主句的謂語動詞一般用 數(shù)形式。（如例1）2. 由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，謂語動詞用 數(shù)形式。（如例2）3.

10、如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用 數(shù)形式。（如例3）4. 由what引導(dǎo)從句作主語時，主句的謂語動詞的數(shù)一般與后面的 語的數(shù)保持一致。（如例4、5）探究四：連接詞的選用：（一）whether 和 if 的選用 （ 用 A. whether/if B. whether C. if 1. I asked hershe had a bike.2.3.he will come is not clear.填空）It is doubtfulhe will come here.he' ll come.5. I haven ' t decidedto go there.4.

11、The questi on is6. It all depe nds onthey willsupport us.7. I don ' t knowwill be put off.小結(jié)：1.用whether， if均可的情況：（1）引導(dǎo)詞后的賓語從句（如例1）；or not he is well.8. I have no ideathe meeti ng（2）當(dāng)it作形式主語，主語從句在時（如例2）2. 下列情況下只能用 whether,不能用if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：（1）引導(dǎo) 引導(dǎo)_從句并在句首時（如例3）、引導(dǎo)從句（如例4）、同位語從句（如例.詞后的賓語從句（如例6） ; （3）從句后

12、緊跟著 時（如例7）; （4）后接不定式時（選擇 A. that B. what 填空）2. I have no doubtyou will succeed.4. He is no Ion gerhe used to be.一任何成分，只起連接作用，即當(dāng)從句是完整的也不缺任何意義時,例5）。（二）that 和what的選用1. he wants is en courageme nt.3. This iswe want to know.小結(jié)：1. That在名詞性從句中 就選。2. 除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可作從句的即當(dāng)從句中缺主語、賓語或表語時，人/地方/樣子”等。（三）wh

13、ich 與what的選用（1. The In dia ns used to live in就選語、語、或（如例1, 3, 4）。what的含義是："什么”、"所選用which或what填空） _ is now part of the USA.2. There are many kinds of bikes in the shop. I don't know3. I want to buy somethi ng for my mother as a gift, but I don4. It is still unknownteam will win the match

14、.to choose.'t kn owto buy.8）；（如語, 的解題點撥： 表示泛指的事物，常譯為”什么”或"所的事物”;which表示范圍內(nèi)的"哪一個（些）”。（四）that, because, why 的選用（選用 A. that B. because C. why填空）1. He failed the exam. That ' she did n' t study hard eno ugh.2. Tom is ill. That washe was abse nt from school this morning.3. The reas

15、on why he was late washe missed the train by one minu te.解題點撥：1. That' s because.那是因為（強調(diào)原因）；That' s why.那是的緣故（強調(diào)結(jié)果）。2. 在表語從句中，當(dāng)reason做主語時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用,不能用because （如例3）。探究五：連詞that（一）that 的省略 （選擇 A. that B. （that）填空）1. The result iswe won the game.2. I think it will clear up this after noon andthey

16、will come to say goodbyeto us.3. This is a very good compositi on exceptthere are a few spelli ng mistakes.4.1 think it n ecessaryyou should read En glish aloud every day.解題點撥：1. That引導(dǎo)主語從句、 從句和同位語從句時不能省略（如例1）。2. that弓I導(dǎo)從句時，常可省略，但在下列三種情況下不能省略：當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句作詞的賓語時（如例3）;當(dāng)有作形式賓語，而that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放于句末時（如例4）; 當(dāng)有兩

17、個或多個并列賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第一個從句的that可省略，其余的不可省略（如例2）。（二）介詞后的that賓語從句（選用A. it that B. that填空）1. He is a good stude nt excepthe is a little bit careless.2. You may depe nd onwe shall n ever lose heart.解題點撥：that從句一般不作 詞的賓語，偶爾可作 except, but, in等的賓語（如例1）;【問題拓展，能力提升】讀下面一篇作文，劃出文中的名詞性從句，并說明是什么從句（主語、賓語、表語從句）。My n ame is

18、 Li Qing. What I like most are sports and En glish. I like making friends andI am ready to help others .In my opin io n, success in life depe nds mai nly on whether one canget along well with others. I' m sure that I can be your good friend. It is known that a manwho has a settled purpose （明確的目標

19、 ）will surely succeed. My hope is that I can be admitted to a key university I ' m dreaming of. However, it is a fact that I don' t do very well in study. All in all, I will make more efforts to make my dream come true.第二課時1. 教學(xué)目標：1）學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的時態(tài)運用；2）學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣；3）學(xué)習(xí)同位語從句。2. 教學(xué)重難點：1）同位語從句及其引導(dǎo)

20、詞的選用；2）疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句3. 易混淆點：1）同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞whether與that的區(qū)別；2）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。探究一：易錯易混淆點：（一）it作形式賓語（選擇最佳答案）1. We all findimporta nt that we （should） make a quick decisi on.A. that B. it C. this D. which2. I hatewhen they talk with their mouths full of food.A. it B. that C. these D. them3. I ' d appr

21、eciateif you can come to help me.A. that B. it C. this D. you解題點撥：1.若主句謂語動詞是，feel , consider, make, believe等，常用作形式賓語，而將賓語從句置于賓補后（如例1）2.有些動詞接從句作賓語時要用作形式賓語，這類動詞主要有take , love , like, see to, depend on, count on等（如例2、3）。（二）名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣（選擇最佳答案）1. It is required that the workfini shed before dark.A. will

22、be B. would be C. should be D. must be2. It is stra nge that heyou this.A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. My suggesti on is that weout early.A. will start B. would start C. start out D. started4. We suggested that the meeti ng.A. should put off B. be put off C. was put off D. pu

23、tti ng off5. The smile on his face suggested that hesatisfied with our work.A. was B. is C. be D. has bee n6. The boy insisted that henothing wrong and insistedthat hepunished.A. should do; not punish B. did; not punishC. had done; not be puni shed D. do; should not be puni shed小結(jié)一：1.在 “ It is + 形容詞

24、（necessary/ natural/ strange/advisable/）+ that .” 句型中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，即 （如例2）。2. 表示建議、要求、命令，堅持要求/主張等動詞如： 、advise、propose、dema nd 、advice、request、comma nd order等后的賓語從句、表語從句謂語動詞要用 表示虛擬（如例 1、4、6）。注意：suggest當(dāng)表示"暗示、表明”，insist表示"堅持認為”時，從句不用虛擬語氣，而按需要來選擇時態(tài)（如例5、6）。3. 在suggestion, proposal, plan, order,

25、advice等表示"建議、計劃、命令、勸告”的名詞后的同位語從句、 從句中要用 語氣，即 （如例3）。（三）wh-ever 與no matter wh-的用法區(qū)別1. Sarah hopes to become a friend ofshares her in terests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who2. He would believeyou said.A. anything what B. whatever C. no matter what D. what ever3. I said, he wouldn &#

26、39; t listen to me.A. Whatever B. No matter what C. Whatever/No matter what D. An yth ing what解題點撥：wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句（如例1、2）；而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句（如例3）。探究二：同位語從句（一） 同位語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用（用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞完成句子）1. I have no ideahe has gone. 2. I have no ideahe did it.3. I have no ideahe did.解題點撥：在have no idea

27、 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句。4. A say ing goespractice makes perfect.熟能生巧是一句諺語。5. Word（ 消息）camethe mayor（市長）will visit our school next week.解題點撥：同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有時與它所解釋說明的名詞被其他成分隔開，構(gòu)成分隔式同位語 從句。（二）選用whether或that填空6. There is no doubthe will keep his promise.7. We have some doubtthey can complete the task on time.8. I do

28、n ' t doubtyou will succeed.9. I doubthe will come toni ght.解題點撥：doubt（懷疑）即可作動詞，也可作名詞，用于肯定句時，其后的賓語從句和同位語從句 常用 引導(dǎo)（如例7、9） ； doubt用于否定句時（不懷疑），其后的賓語從句和同位語從句常用引導(dǎo)從句（如例6、8）。在同位語從句中表示“是否”時，只能用 ,不能用if。（ 三）選用 A. that B. which C. that/which填空10. The news（which/ that） our team has won the match is true. （ 從

29、句）11. Thenews （which/ that） he told me just now is true . （從句）連詞“that ”引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)從句that在從句中 的作用有無意義可否省略可否用which代替從句的作用同位語從句連接詞成分，只起連接作用，不省略不可代替說明前面名詞 的具體內(nèi)容定語從句關(guān)系代詞、表語，起連接作用，有意義作語時可省略指時常可用which代替或限制先行詞【問題拓展，能力提升】一、單項填空1. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wan ts.A.

30、howeverB. whatever C. whichever D. whe never2. It is none of your businessother people think about you. Believe yourself. （2007福建）A. how B. what C. whichD. whe n3. He didn ' t makeclear when and where the meeting would be held. （2007天津）A. this B. thatC. it D. these4. I ' d appreciateif you w

31、ould like to teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. it C. this D. you5. sh e couldn ' t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in herless on s.（2000 全國卷）A. that; whatB. what; whyC. what; becauseD. why; that6. Word cameNapoleon（拿破侖）himself was coming to inspect them.A. which

32、 B. whe n C. what D. that7. It suddenly occurred to himhe had left his keys in the office. （2012年江西卷）A. whether B. where C. which D. that8. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knewshe wasso angry. （2010 湖南卷） A. where B. whether C. that D. why9. I prefer shutt ing myself