(完整版)高中名詞性從句精講及練習

1、第一章名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses) 。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一 主語從句主語從句是在主句中作主語的句子，它由連接詞引導，通常位于謂語動詞之前。1. 連詞：在從句中不充當任何成分，常用見的引導主語從句的連詞有三個，即that, whether 和 if.That he got the first prize excited him much. 他獲得一等獎一事使他非常興奮。Whether

2、 you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否功取決于你努力的程度。注意： whether 引導的主語從句常用置于句首，表示“是否 ”之意； if 引導主語從句時不置于句首。2. 連接代詞：在從句中起名詞或代詞的作用，常作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語，有具體意義且不能省略。常見的連接代詞有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever.What we should do with the problem is undecid

3、ed. 我們如何處理這上問題還未作出決定。3. 連接副詞：在從句中起副的作用，常作從句的狀語，表示時間、地點、 原因、 方式等。常見的連接副詞有when,where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 等。How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他們將如何解決這個嚴重的問題還沒有決定。Why he did that wasn ' t quite c做為什么做那件事還不十分清楚。4. it 代替主語從句作形式主語that從句作主語通常用it作形式主語，而將 tha

4、t從句置于句末。常見的有以下幾種：(1) It 系動詞 形容詞 that 從句(2) It is 系動詞 名詞 常見的用于此結構的名詞有：good news 好消息，等。It s no wonder that youIt s a pity that you didn(3) It 系動詞 過去分詞It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。that 從句no wonder 難怪 ,a pity 遺憾， a fact 事實， an honor 榮耀， a wonder 奇跡，'ve

5、 achieved so much SUCCeSS. 取得了如此大的成功。't attencherarty.她的聚會真是遺憾。that 從句It iS Said that no paSSengerS were injured in the accident. 據(jù)說在那次意外事故中沒有乘客受傷。4) ) It 特殊動詞 that 從句常用于這種結構的動詞有：Seem 看上去， appear 顯得， happen 碰巧， matter 關系重大，turn out 結果， occurto Sb. 某人突然想起，等。It SeemS to me that he objectS to the p

6、lan. 在我看來，他好像反對這個計劃。It happened that I met an old friend on the Street yeSterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇見了一位老朋友。It occurred to me that we Should get in touch with the manager. 我突然想起我們應該與經理聯(lián)系。5) 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：( 1 ) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。(2) It is said /reported 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It iS Said that PreSident Jiang

7、 will viSit our School next week.錯誤表達：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3) It happens/occurs 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.錯誤表達：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whether結構中的主語從句不可提

8、前。例如：正確表達：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.錯誤表達：Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.( 5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?錯誤表達：Is that will rain in the evening likely?二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語(1)由that引導的賓語

9、從句(that通?？梢允÷?I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。(2) 由 what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2. 作介詞的賓語Our success dep

10、ends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語I am afraid (that) I ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。注意： that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad,proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed,

11、pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. it 可以作為形式賓語it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, lo

12、ve, help, take, forgive 等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that 引導的賓語從句。如：正確表達：I admire their winning the match.錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于“動詞間接賓語that 從句 “結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive,blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：正確表達：He impressed t

13、he manager as an honest man.錯誤表達：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的轉移若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I don ' t think this dress fits you well我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。8. 復雜的特殊疑問句在某些賓語從句中，賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副

14、詞常被移到主句之前，構成特殊疑問形式，其構成為：Wh-/How do you + vt. + 賓語從句的其他部分? 常見的用于此結構的動詞有think, believe, consider, suppose,imagine, except, guess, say 等。Who do you guess will be our new headmaster? 你猜誰會是我們的新校長?How do you suppose they will go to Shanghai? 你猜他們會乘坐什么去上海?9. 賓語從句中引導詞that 不可省略的情況。(1) . 介詞 except, but, besid

15、es, in 等后跟 that 引導的賓語從句時。The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. 那個瑞典人站著一動不動，只是嘴唇還微微在動。(2) . that 引導的賓語從句和主句之間有插入語時。He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul.他說，在他看來，雷鋒是一個全心全意為人民服務的好榜樣。(3) . 有多個 that 引導的從句時，第一個that 可以省略，而

16、其他的that 常不省略。I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us. 我認為今天下午會放晴，他們會來向我們告別的。(4) .當when, who, what, where, why, how等引導的從句與 that引導的從句作主句謂語動詞的并列賓語時。Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life. 我非常清楚他住在什么地方，而且他生活得很幸福。三 . 表語從句表語從句在復合句中作表語的

17、從句，放在 be, look, seem等系動詞后。常用見的引導表語從句的連接詞有that,whether, wh- 詞， as, as if/though, because 等。1. that, whether 引導表語從句that, whether引導表語從句時只起連接作用，不作任何成分；that無實義，whether意為 是否”。2. wh-詞和because引導的表語從句。wh-詞包括連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副 when, where, why,wherever, whenev

18、er等，此類詞大多表示疑問意義，偶爾表示陳述意義。Because引導的表語從句表示陳述意義。The question is how we can persuade him to go. 問題是我們如何才能說服他去。That ' s because he didn ' t understandme為他不理解我。3. as, as if, as though 引導的表語從句此類表語從句常用跟在特定動詞后面，如 seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。I feel as though the house is shaking. 我感到好像房子在

19、晃動。4. reason 作主語時的表語從句reason作主語時，其表語從句需用that引導，一般不用 why或because引導。The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk. 這次交通事故是司機酒后駕駛導致的。四 . 同位語從句同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內容的從句。所以它總是跟在某一個名詞的后面。該名詞被稱作先行詞。1. 同位語從句的連接詞同位語從句的連接詞主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。在同位語從句中that, whether 不作成分， tha

20、t 無實際意義，whether 表示 “是否 ”；其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。The report that he was going to resign was false. 他將辭職的報道是假的。There s some doubt whether John will come on time. 對約翰是否會準時到還有一些懷疑。2. 可跟同位語從句的名詞不是所有的名詞都可以跟同位語從句，常可以被同位語從句修飾的名詞有：advice 建議 belief 信念 fact 事實 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinio

21、n 觀點 order 命令 promise 諾言 question 問題 reply 答復 report 報道 thought 想法 truth 事實 warning 警告 The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.地球為什么變得越來越曖這一問題仍在討論之中。3. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他

22、從瑪麗那里獲知了運動會被推遲的消息。4. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that 既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that 是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that 引導的從句是定語從句，that 在從句中作

23、賓語)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. (湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分)名詞性從句練習一 . 選擇題1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How2. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friend

24、s or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why3. Before the sales start, I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which4. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield , was is was rather closely modeledon his own life.A. what B. that

25、 C. why D. whether5. It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A. which B. what C. that D. if6. As a new graduate, he doesn t know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. when D. which7. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy

26、 access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why8. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how9. -I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-That s I don ree. Ytaogu should have a more active life.A. where B. how C

27、. when D. what10. We should respect food and think about the people who don t have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether11. -Have you finished the book?-No, I ve read up to the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. hat D. where12. Cindy shut the door

28、heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why13. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is

29、 he entering14. We haven t discussed yet we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where15. -It s no use having ideas only.-Don t worry. Peter can show you to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C. what D. where16. The professor tried to show us through his experiment fr

30、om books can be used in practice.A. that we have learned B. how that we have learnedC. how what we have learned D. that how we have learneds food supply.17. It leaves me in no doubt scientists will come up with new ways to increase the worldA. when B. where C. that D. if18. It is no longer a questio

31、n now man can land on the moon.A. that B. if C. whether D. what19. Several years later, word came Napoleon himself was coming to inspect soldiers.A. which B. what C. that D. when20. Many representatives were in favor of his proposal that a special committee to investigate the incident.A. were set up

32、 B. was set up C. be set up D. set up21. The teacher warned was caught during the test would be punished.A. that whoever; cheating B. that anyone; being cheatedC. anyone who; to cheat D. the person; to be cheating22. Traditional education taught people to believe being intelligent meant remembering information and writingabout it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether23. Jessica i