高中英語名詞性從句及練習(xí)題

1、高考英語名詞性從句高中英語名詞性從句是高考考查的重點,包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句及同位語從句。下面來進行一一講解。名詞性從句(1主語從句1. 定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:(1 從屬連詞that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。(2 從屬連詞whether。如:Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否會來這里還不

2、清楚。(3 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞where, when, how, why。如: What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。解釋: 1

3、. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.+that從句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder

4、, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.+that從句。如:Its a pity that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.+that 從句。如:It is said that Mr. Green has arrived i

5、n Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It isreported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。 It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesnt matter (m

6、akes no difference, etc.+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如: It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。F. 當that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如: Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?

7、Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?G. 當主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪! 2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who 來的人將受到歡迎。 Whatever he did was righ

8、t. (whatever=the thing that 他所做的事情是正確的。 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who 你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎名詞性從句(2賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用,沒有實在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如:He said (that he wanted to stay at home.

9、他說他想呆在家里。She doesnt know (that she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很嚴重。I am sure (that he will succeed.我確信他會成功。2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如:Do you know who (whom they are waiting for? 你知道他們在等誰嗎?He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問誰的書

10、法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在哪兒嗎?I dont know why the train is late.我不知道火車為什么晚了。I can't imagine why he did that thing.我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\動會推遲到下個月嗎?以上兩個例句的賓語從句相當于一個特殊疑問句,分別為:why did he do that th

11、ing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序,故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請看下列兩組句子:How much does this coat cost? 這件衣服值多少錢?I want to know how much this coat costs.我想知道這件衣服值多少錢。Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪兒了?Please tell me where you went yesterday.請告訴我你昨天去哪兒了。當疑問代詞what,who在特殊疑問句中做主語時

12、,該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序,所以當該句用來做賓語時,語序不需要調(diào)整。What's wrong with you? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was wrong with her.他問這個女孩怎么回事了。What's the matter? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was the matter.他問這個女孩怎么了。What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什么事了?We want to know what has happened to him.我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。同類句式還有:Who brok

13、e the window? 誰打破的窗戶?Who is in the classroom? 誰在教室里?What made him so angry.什么使得他如此生氣。3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。表示“是否”,二者通?？梢曰Q。例如:Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。I want to know if (whether he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。He asked me whether (if I could help him.他問我是否可以幫助他。但語義有點區(qū)別:1whether強調(diào)猶豫和選擇

14、,多見于書面語中;if 只限于條件,常用于口語。例如:Write and tell me whether I'm to come. 請寫信告訴我,我是否該來。Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我該來,請寫信告訴我(相當于說:若我不必來,那就不用費心寫信給我了。2whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句,if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從句,首先要弄清楚是賓語從句,還是條件狀語從句,然后再確定時態(tài)。若是引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在(過去時代替一般將來(過去將來時。例如:If you don't go

15、 soon, youll be late.如果你不馬上去就會遲到。當if引導(dǎo)一個非真實條件句時,從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式(如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數(shù),一律用were,主句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”。例如:If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個國民都懂得急救(的知識,許多生命就會得以挽救。3whether和if都可以與or not連用。但if與or not之間常需要用詞語隔開,而whether與or not可連用,也可隔開。例如:Can you tell me whethe

16、r or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not? 你能告訴我火車是否離開了嗎?I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車是否壞了。4下列情況,只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞:引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如:Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他來不來與我無關(guān)。I am in doubt whether I ought to give t

17、his plan my approval.我決定不了是否該同意這項計劃。What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我們是走還是留,其結(jié)果是一樣的。5與不定式連用:例如:I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。6在介詞后作介賓。例如:I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我

18、不在乎你是否喜歡那項計劃。4.think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等表示“認為”、“猜想”等的動詞后的賓語從句1否定轉(zhuǎn)移在以上動詞之后的賓語從句中,有時謂語盡管是否定含義,卻不用否定形式,而把主句中的上述動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think the book is worth buying.我認為這本書不值得買。I don't believe they have finished their work.我相信他們并未完成他們的工作。I don't suppose he cares.我猜想他們不會介意的。We do

19、n't expect they will have everything done.我們希望他們沒有把事全做完。2存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問句時,具有如下特點:在賓語從句中,如果主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等,主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時,反意疑問句應(yīng)針對主句。You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你認為他不能完成他的工作,是嗎?He doesn't believe that we have come back,does he? 他認為我們還

20、沒回來呢,是嗎?但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時,反意疑問詞部分的主語和時態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致,并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think you are an actor,are you? 我認為你不是一個演員,是嗎?I suppose you have been to Beijing,haven't you ?我想你去過北京。是嗎?另外,當think ,suppose,believe,imaging,guess這類表示“認為”、“猜想”的動詞作主句謂語時,常會出現(xiàn)一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。What do you think he is? 你認為他是做什么的?How muc

21、h time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你認為我得花多少時間來做這件事?二. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如:I hear (that physics isnt easy.我聽說物理不容易。I think (that you will like this school soon.我認為你不久會喜歡這所學(xué)校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告訴我怎么到動物園嗎?Please tell me when well have the meeting.請告訴我我們什么時候開會。三. 賓語從句的

22、時態(tài)1.若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時,則從句的時態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如:We all know chicken can't swim.我們都知道雞不會游泳。Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認為吉姆講的太快了嗎?He says he will come back.他說他會回來。2.若主句是祈使句,從句謂語動詞也可用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如:Show me which picture is yours.讓我看看哪張照片是你的。Please tell us where we will go.請告訴我要去

23、哪里。3.若主句是一般過去時,從句必須用過去時態(tài)的某一種。例如:I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已經(jīng)掃過地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他問我昨天這個時候是否在做作業(yè)。4.若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時,則不受主句時態(tài)的限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。They knew the sun is

24、 much bigger than the earth then.他們那時就知道太陽比地球大得多,He said that one and one makes two.他說一加一等于二。名詞性從句(3表語從句1. 定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:(1 從屬連詞that。沒有任何含義,只起連接作用,不可省略。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。(2 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had l

25、ooked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was goin

26、g to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。(3連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。解釋: 1. 連詞be

27、cause可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。如: My suggestion is that we (should start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。名詞性從句(4同位語從句一、含義在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where

28、, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo),常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之,同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系,對其內(nèi)容作進一步說明。例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。析:they

29、 had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容,因此該句為同位語從句。二、引導(dǎo)詞1.如同位語從句意義完整,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(即that 不充當任何成分,只起連接作用,不可省略例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容,且意義完整,因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。2.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加&quo

30、t;是否"的含義,應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。析:the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整,應(yīng)加"是否"的含義才能表達the problem的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。3.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加"什么時候"、"什么地點"、

31、"什么方式"等含義,應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意義不完整,應(yīng)加"什么時候"的含義才能表達idea的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析:he went home意義不完整,應(yīng)加"如何"的含義才能表達impression的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。4.當主句的謂

32、語較短,而同位語從句較長時,同位語從句常后置。如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句相似,都放在某一名詞或代詞后面,但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明,是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn),且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分;定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征,與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子,如果句子通順且符合邏輯,則為同位語從句,反之

33、,則為定語從句。如:The report that he was going to resign was false.因為the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順,所以,that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。例1:1Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as析:答案為B。more middle scho

34、ol graduates will be admitted into universities是Information 的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:2It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information _ has been put forward.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. as析:答案為B。that has been put forward為informati

35、on的修飾性定語,且information在從句中作主語,所以該句為定語從句。例2:She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91A. itB. whichC. thisD. that析:答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知,該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為a terrible noise,且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:I can't stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. itB. whichC. thisD. tha

36、t析:答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容,且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。同位語從句和定語從句的三點區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞,而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。如:

37、The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語從句We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句Word came that he had been abroad. (同位語從句Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句The doctor whom y

38、ou are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)? (定語從句,代詞all作先行詞2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的(同位語從句,補充說明new

39、s到底是一個什么消息The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語從句,補充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言 The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾。(定語從句,promise

40、在從句中作pleased的主語3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。(同位語從句I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替,并且作賓語時常常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當任何成分,

41、并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替。如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了。(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that 雖不作成分,但不能省略。The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個

42、小組。(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略。鞏固訓(xùn)練題1. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that2. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. why3.

43、 _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D.Which 4. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so. A. when B. why C.whether D. that 5. _ parents say and do has a life -long effect on their children. A. That B. Which C.Wha

44、t D.As 6._ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It 7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever 8. You are saying that every

45、one should be equal, and this is _ I agree. A. why B. where C. what .D how 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 10. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a qui

46、ck note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 11. Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is _ makes me feel so proud. A. what B. which C. that D. why 12. _ puzzles the scientists is how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions. A. What B. As C. That D. It 13. _ leaves the roo

47、m last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. The person 14. Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office. Thats _ the president works. A. whey B. when C. what D. where 15. _ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee. A

48、. That B. Whether C. What D. If 16. The reason _ I plan to go is _ she will be disappointed if I dont. A. why; that B. that; because C. which; because D. why; for 17. We sell handmade gifts. _gift you order from us is unique for the special person! A. Which that/what 的區(qū)別 1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies. A. What; how are you