從中西文化差異的角度分析翻譯的技巧

1、從中西文化差異的角度分析翻譯的技巧    【摘 要】在漢英翻譯過程中我們不可避免地會遇到一些不可翻譯的詞或表達，這是因為文化差異對翻譯有著關(guān)鍵性的影響。當使用一些翻譯策略和比較方法來翻譯一些文化時，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)成功的翻譯，就是要注意到文化差異的細節(jié)，使它符合文章的原滋原味，傳達文化信息。因此翻譯實際上是文化轉(zhuǎn)換的過程。本文討論了避免文化差異造成誤譯的方法?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】翻譯 文化差異 影響 文化障礙【中圖分類號】H315.9 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】16744810（2011）15004902 IntroductionLanguage is a part

2、 of culture and the carrier. Translation needs language, so translators should think about various differences between Chinese and western cultures in the process of translation to get the appropriate translation. This article discusses the influence of cultural differences on translationa crosscult

3、ural communication event. In this paper, I will analyze the influence the culture exerts on translation from the aspects of the translation of idioms, the translation of poems, the translation of image and functions words, etc. How to avoid these translation problems which was caused by the cultural

4、 differences is another important point we will settle in this paper. What is A Good TranslationTranslation is, in fact, a converting process. Theoretically, a good translation should give its reader the same conception as what a native reader gets from the original.Nida remarked that how to determi

5、ne a good translation is the response of the receptor to the translated message, and this message must then be compared with the way in which the original receptors presumably reacted to the message when it was given in its original setting. The Interrelationship Between Culture and LanguageCulture

6、embraces almost everything in the world, whether material or spiritual. But however complex, culture can roughly be divided into three categories: material culture, institutional culture and mental culture.Language, which possesses all the features of culture, belongs to institutional culture. Langu

7、age is conventional and governed by rules which are acknowledged and observed by all members of society. Language mirrors other parts of culture, supports them, spreads them and helps to develop others. This special feature of language distinguishes it from all other faces of culture and makes it cr

8、ucially important for the transfer of culture. The Interrelationship between Culture and TranslationTranslation means intercultural communication by means of which one culture can be transmitted into another, so the cultural special characteristics unavoidably influence translation. The equivalence

9、limitedness of the translation between the original language and the target language is almost caused by the differences between the two cultures and how to convey the cultural meaning is often the difficulty of a translation.Different languages are bound to adopt different meaningful devices to sho

10、w their cultures in order to reflect their national consciousness and cultural tradition. According to the research of some scholars, the cultural features of language include:a. ecology,b. material culture,c. social culture,d. religious culture,e. linguistic culture. Influence of Cultural Differenc

11、es on Translation（1）The Translation of IdiomsChinese chengyu（成語）, which approximates English idioms, are the gems of the rich Chinese cultural heritage. Chinese chengyu（成語）carry more historical color and literary allusions than English idioms do, For instance:一清二白（spotless）were taken from Buddhism.I

12、dioms are a kind of special and fixed expression which is formed in the process of the use of language. Sometimes there are setphrases that have equivalent meaning in English. For example:burn ones boats破釜沉舟Sometimes there are no equivalent setphrases in English, so a right expression should be chos

13、en by translator. For example:Misery loves company.同病相憐Often a translation from English to Chinese with appropriate 4character phrases is more popular and encouraged. For example:He was struck by her powerful profile, her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders and the intensity of her dar

14、k eyes.他一下子為她的出眾長相所傾倒：她一頭烏發(fā)披肩，飄逸瀟灑，一雙黑眸炯炯有神。（2）The Translation of Color WordsThe widely used color words and the connotations they carry in one culture are generally different form another culture. In Chinese, we often use the seven kinds of color“赤橙黃綠青藍紫”, while in English the basic color words are

15、 black, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, and grey. Red is related to happiness, anger, blood and crime. For example:redletter喜慶的red with anger氣得滿臉通紅To Chinese people, blue can produce fine imagination, and it stands for purification and magnanimousness. To English people, blue

16、expresses failure, depression, horror and grief. For example:“She looks blue today.” means “She is depressed.”“in the blues” means “in low spirits”.Green not only symbolizes life and youth, but also carries the meaning of ignorance and inexperience in English. For example：“green hands” means “new ha

17、nds”.“green eyed” means “jealously”.English color words are colorful. Both Chinese and English color words have their different cultural connotations. Color words, though very small in number, reflect to a certain extent the cultural, moral and aesthetic values of different races and people of diffe

18、rent times.（3）The Translation of Autochthonic NameSometimes quite a few names of the things are created and used in only one community or part of the community. The translation of them should give a explanation about them in brief.糖葫蘆Tanghulu, a sugarcoated on the stick which is a kind of children s

19、 favorite food in winter.（祝吉芳，2004：53）氣功Qigong, a system of deep breathing。憑你有李、杜文章，顏、曾的品行，卻是也沒有一個來問你。You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen（both of them were disciples of Confucius）, no one would ask your advice.Chinese people are very familiar with

20、 the four menLi Bai, Du Fu, Yan Hui and Zeng Shen. In the source language only their first name are given, the source reader can understand. But it is unfamiliar for a tar get reader. Therefore, it should be amplified when translating, or it cant be understood by the reader.（4）Image and FunctionChin

21、ese is imaginable because the Chinese emphasizes intuition and images; English is functional because of the IndoEuropean emphasis on reason and logic. Chinese is written with characters（also called ideograms）, which, in their earliest form, were pictures of things or ideas. Chinese characters in the

22、ir present highly developed form are not a system of picturewriting but a complex means of conveying ideas vividly through images. For instance, 人（man）is exactly the image of a man standing with legs parted; So the meaning of some Chinese words can be understood directly by their visual presentation

23、. While in English, we can guess the meaning of words not from the image, but in their function, such as Compound Word: sun and shinesunshine; Derivative Word: un（unfair, unbelievable）; these words show the negative meanings. Many Chinese words are very vividly presented in images, shapes and qualit

24、ies, while English can often only convey their meaning and function in the source text without preserving the imagery involved. Overcome Cultural BarriersThe ideal translators are not necessarily those who are readily bilingual and bicultural in daily affairs, but those who are unusually competent i

25、n their mother tongue（normally, the receptor language in the translation process）and who have a profound knowledge of the culture of the source text. The most serious mistakes in translating and interpreting are usually not the result of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions. This mea

26、ns that the training of competent translators and interpreters must include not only a careful study of the intimate relations between language and culture, but must go beyond this limited goal in order to show how both language and culture are two similar symbolic systems. ConclusionTranslation is the transformation of language model as well as cultural communication and cultural model. In resent years, with the trend of globalization and the frequent activities