名詞性從句學(xué)案部分

1、 高考英語名詞性從句學(xué)案概念與分類 名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別在句中作主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 從屬連詞that：在從句中不充當任何成分，也沒有任何意思，只起連接作用，因此往往可以省略從屬連詞if, whether：在從句中不充當任何成分，有意義，不可以省略連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在從句中充當成分，有意義，不可以省略連接副詞where, when, why, how：

2、在從句中充當成分，有意義，不可以省略一、主語從句.由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句：_is something we must discuss. 那個國高考資源網(wǎng)家是否應(yīng)該建立核電站_is known to all .光以直線傳播.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m _ more time. some books.我們所需要的是_ doesnt matter to me.無論你選哪本書_www will be welcome.無論誰來.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句：_hasnt been announced.飛機什么時候起飛_ is still a puzzle.他到過哪兒H

3、ow much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少4.關(guān)于形式主語 it It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is likely that.很可能It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that眾所周知 It has been decided that 已決定 It + be +

4、名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that 是常識 It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實是 可應(yīng)用于此句型的名詞還有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。 It +不及物動詞+ that-分句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起 It doesnt matter whether he likes or not. 二、表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有 be, look

5、, remain, seem 等。The problem is_ caused by smoking.數(shù)百萬人死于由抽煙引起的疾病The question remains_.我們是否能贏得這次比賽 Thats just what I want. 我想要的This is_. 我們的問題所在The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit我們?nèi)绾螏椭鼰煹娜酥档米⒁獾氖牵?. 表語從句的表現(xiàn)形式除了用從屬連詞，連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)以外，還可以由as, as if ，as though引導(dǎo).Things were not as t

6、hey seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。2、另外還要注意以下常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：The reason whyis that (而不用 because)It ( This, That ) is becauseThe reason _ he was dismissed is _ he didnt work hard. 他為什么被開除是因為他工作不努力。It is _ the tobacco companies want to remain in business.同時還要注意:（1）引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不省略, that僅起連接作用,

7、 在從句中不充當任何成分, 無任何意義。The impression he makes on me is _ he is a reliable person.（2）the reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo), 我們學(xué)生易犯“the reason is because”的錯誤。The reason_ the little actress has been such a success is _ she is both clever and hard-working. （3）在表示命令order等, 建議suggestion, advice等的名詞后的表語從句中, 謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：

8、 should+動詞原形, should可省略His suggestion is that we _ hold another meeting to discuss the problem.（4）whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句, 表“是否”, 它在從句中不充當成分, if則不能。The question is _we can rely on him.（5）連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除起連接作用外, 還在從句中做主語、賓語、表語和定語。Thats what he is worried about.（在從句作中作_）The problem is who can

9、 do the work.（在從句中作_）（6）連接副詞when, where, why, how起連接作用外, 還在從句中作狀語。Thats _I was late. That is _he did it.（7）連詞because引導(dǎo)表語從句, 只用在 That/This/It is because結(jié)構(gòu)中That is _ she often works hard.三、賓語從句一）引導(dǎo)詞的選擇 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞除that只起連接作用外，其他的都有各自具體的意義。因此我們在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，要把句型結(jié)構(gòu)、句意及習慣搭配結(jié)合起來，做全盤考慮。請看下面的例句：Youll have to decide

10、_ car well use, yours or mine Youll have to decide _ car well use, the old one or the new one Youll have to decide _well use the new car for Youll have to decide _well use the new car Awhich Bwhat Cwhose Dwhether 再如：I still remember _ this used to be a small village另外，要特別注意：動詞或動詞短語check，make sure等作肯

11、定句的謂語時，全句在漢語意義上雖有“是否”之意，但后面常用that作引導(dǎo)詞。如： Check _ everything is in order，please 請核對一下是否一切正常。 Make sure _ the door is locked before you leave the lab在離開實驗室前，務(wù)必弄清門是否鎖上了。 二）that的省略與否 that在口語中常省略。但在下列情況下，that一般不能省略： 1that從句置于句首以示強調(diào)或作簡短回答時，如： That he has never seen such a thing I simply cant believe What

12、do you assume from his attitude 你從他的態(tài)度推測到什么？ That he was frightened 他很害怕。 2及物動詞所帶的第二個及以后的賓語從句中。 He said_ Lesson 82 was important and _ he should learn it well 他說第82課重要，他應(yīng)學(xué)好它。3that從句被短語、詞組分開時。如： He told us once again _he would never give up 他再次告訴我們他決不會放棄。 4在復(fù)合賓語中。如： He made it clear_he wouldnt give u

13、s an answer 他表明他不會給我們答復(fù)的。 三）從句的謂語動詞的形式 當主句時態(tài)為一般過去時時，賓語從句的時態(tài)一般受其影響，要用過去的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。并且，此影響延伸至賓語從句中定語從句、狀語從句等。如：He said he _ come if he_time 他說有時間他會來。 但下列兩種情形例外： 1當賓語從句為客觀真理或普遍事實時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The voyage proved that the earth is round 那次航海證實了地球是圓的。 2當主句謂語動詞為suggest, insist, demand等時，其賓語從句常用should型的虛擬語氣，謂語為（sho

14、uld）動詞原形。如： He demanded that they (should) be there on time 他要求他們按時到那兒。 四）從句的語序 在賓語從句中只用陳述語序。如： He was not satisfied with_ 他對我說的不滿意。 He asked _.他問怎么啦。 五）混合型的賓語從句 當主句謂語動詞為thinksupposeexpectbelieve等時，且其后的賓語從句為否定句，常將否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，構(gòu)成否定轉(zhuǎn)移；疑問句中what, who, how等要放在句首，構(gòu)成混合型的賓語從句（也可把主句視為插入語）。如： We dont thin

15、k theres anything of interest in your picture,_? 我們認為你的畫沒有什么有趣的地方。 What do you suppose_ 你推測他們需要什么？ 六）動賓介賓形賓從句七）whether與if在賓語從句中的區(qū)別： 1、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用if連接，要用whether。e.g. Im interested in _youve finished the work.2、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。賓語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder _ it doesnt rai

16、n.賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。e.g. It depends on _we have enough time. They dont know _ to go there.

17、四、同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,在使用同位語從句時，應(yīng)注意：一）同位語從句在句中的位置1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。例如：The news _had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。Ive come from Mr Wang with a messag

18、e _this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：The thought came to her _when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。The story goes _again.據(jù)說他高考又落榜.二）同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。如：Where did you get the idea _ I could not come？你在哪兒聽說我不能來

19、？Give me your promise _you will come to our party this evening.答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會。Word came _China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息傳來，中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。三）同位語從句連接詞的選用在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞(that，who，whether)，連接副詞(how，when，where)等。例如：They were all very much worried over the fa

20、ct _ you were sick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。The question _ should do the work requires consideration.誰該做這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We havent yet settled the question _we are going to spend our summer vacation.我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如：We have some doubt _ they can co

21、mplete the task on time.我們懷疑他們是否能準時完成任務(wù)。There is no doubt _ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。同位語從句：that有些名詞的后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句：We came to the decision _.我們做出決定：我們必須立即行動。There was little hope_.他幸存的希望很小。以下名詞常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explana

22、tion，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word同位語從句：whetherwhether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用whether作為引導(dǎo)詞。He hasnt made the decision _he will go there.他還沒有做出決定

23、是否去那里。I have small doubt _ he is suitable for the job.他是否適合這件工作我有點懷疑。同位語從句：what what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用what作為引導(dǎo)詞I have no idea _he is doing now.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。同位語從句：how how可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而定語從句不能用how作為引導(dǎo)詞Its a question _ he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。同位語從句：who等 who，whom，which，when，where，why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句The question _s

24、hould do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。She raised the question _we could get the fund.她提出這個問題：我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。四）同位語從句的語氣在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice_.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。The sugge

25、stion came from the chairman _.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。The government gave the order that_ in three weeks.政府下令三個星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。五）同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別區(qū)別(1)同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系；而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬的關(guān)系。區(qū)別(2)that在同位語從句中沒有詞義，不充當句子成分；而在定語從句中充當主語、賓語等句子成分。他帶給我們的消息令我們非常高興。 _他獲勝的消息令我們非常高興。_區(qū)別(3)whether，what，how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句；而它們不能用來引

26、導(dǎo)定語從句。區(qū)別(4)1.從詞義角度看問題who，whom，which，when，where，why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句是保持原來疑問詞的含義；它們用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時，不具有疑問詞的含義。 2.從搭配角度看問題who，whom，which，when，where，why用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時對應(yīng)性很強，如：先行詞是“人”，引導(dǎo)詞用“who”等，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句是先行詞通常是“question，idea，doubt等”。六、典型例題例1：I have no idea _he will be back.例2：I have no impression _ he went home，perhaps by

27、bike.例3：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)A.while B.that C.when D.as區(qū)別:It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

28、例4：She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A.it B.which C.this D.that區(qū)別:I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that高中總復(fù)習英語名詞性從句專項練習卷1Evidence came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A.what B

29、.which C.whose D.that 2_was known to us all,William had broken his promise _he would give us a rise.A.As;which B.As;that C.It;that D.It;which 3Father made a promise_I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 4After months of voyage,Columbus arrived in_later pr

30、oved a new continent.A.where B.which C.what D.that 5Tom insisted that what he said true and we insisted that he and have a look.A.be;should go B.should be;should beC.was;go D.was;would go 6The reason _ she missed school this morning was_he had to look after her sick grandpa.A.why;that B.because;whyC

31、.that;because D.which;that 7It made many countries angry_America,without the _ from the UN,started a war in Iraq.A.that;permission B.which;permitC.which;permission D.that;permit 8It was with great joy_ he received the news_ his lost daughter had been found.A.because;that B.since;whichC.for;about D.t

32、hat;that 9You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how 10The shopkeeper did not want to sell for_ be thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which 11Along with the letter was his promise_ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that

33、C.what D.whether 12My pen-friend,Peter,wrote to me,expressing the hope _ he would come to Beijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 13“_is no doubt_ the Chinese and the China government will again win the battle against SARS if the illness comes about again,”said the spok

34、esman.A.It；whether B.There；thatC.It；that D.There；whether 14I was shocked by the news,which made me realize_terrible problems we would face.A.how B.which C.what D.that 15All finished,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.A.what B.which C.that D.it16_ some teenagers dont realize

35、is _difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.A.What;how B.That;howC.That;what a D.What;what a 17He is_ is known as a hackerhe likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites.A.who B.which C.that D.what 18The question has been raised at the meeting_each mem-ber country should shar

36、e the expenses of the committee.A.which B.if C.what D.whether 19_different views from ours at the meeting was not surprising since she is an environmentalist.A.She expressed B.When she expressedC.That she expressed D.Whether she expressed 20Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to

37、see him off.A.where B.when C.how D.what 21What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do_I think I should.A.when B.that C.how D.what 22After_ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to listen to the music.A.what B.that C.it D.there 23Are you still thinking about yesterdays game

38、?Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 24America was_ was first called “India” by Columbus.A.that B.whereC.what D.the place 25_ worried her a bit was _ her hair was turning grey.A. What; what B. That; thatC. What; that D. T

39、hat; what26Here are all the books I have.You may borrow_you like.A.that B.which C.however D.whichever27It was not until dark_he found_he thought was the best way to solve the problem.A.that;what B.that;thatC.when;what D.when;that 28Xiao Hong is very clever.In fact,I sometimes doubt _ anyone in the c

40、lass has a higher IQ.A.that B.whether C.when D.why 29You are saying that everyone is born equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how30In some countries，_ is called “equality”does not really mean equal rights for all the people.A.which B.that C.what D.who高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納名詞性從句1. She was

41、 so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. A. that B. what C. that that D. what what2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which B. howw。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。oC. what D. having比較: He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.” A. that B. what C.

42、which D. as 3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. A. this B. that C. all that D. that all4. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they比較： （1） None knows if _ that boy, but i

43、f _ him, her parents will be disappointed. A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry （2） “Where _ go to work？” “Where _ go to work is not known.” A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and