倒裝專(zhuān)題完全解讀

1、倒裝專(zhuān)題完全解讀山西省鄉(xiāng)寧一中 王麗華倒裝句一直是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)， 也是高考的高頻考點(diǎn)。 雖然 涉及倒裝句的條目繁多，但 我們還是有“章”可循的。為了便于同學(xué) 們的完全掌握， 筆者從自己的視角將該專(zhuān)題進(jìn)行全面的梳理、 整合與 解讀，期望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一、弄清定義與分類(lèi) 在英語(yǔ)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而將謂語(yǔ)的全部或者一 部分提到主語(yǔ)之前的句式叫做倒裝句。倒裝句分為三類(lèi)：形式倒裝、 完全倒裝和部分倒裝。二、由簡(jiǎn)到繁，理清條目，學(xué)精學(xué)透形式倒裝( Formal Inversion )as/ though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)(一般為副詞) 或動(dòng)詞原形提前， 構(gòu)成形式倒裝。

2、句式為：表語(yǔ)、副詞或動(dòng)詞原形 +as/ though+陳述句。e.g. Proud as/ though they are, they are afraid to see me.Child as / though he is, he seems to know everything.Hard as he worked, he made little progress.Try as/ though he might, he made little progress.點(diǎn)睛1例2中child前不加冠詞a。形式倒裝中，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或者為形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，其前用零冠詞點(diǎn)睛 2 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

3、必須倒裝，而 though 也可引導(dǎo)正常語(yǔ)序的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. Though he is a child , he seems to know everything. 完全倒裝( Full Inversion )完全倒裝又稱(chēng)全部倒裝 , 是將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之 前。1. 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方向的副詞，如 now, then, here, there,up, down, out, in, away 等或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。e.g. Now comes your turn.There goes the bell.Here comes a bus.At the foot of the

4、 mountain lies a village.點(diǎn)睛 該條目中的 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為不及物動(dòng)詞；其中 例 1、2、3 中不能使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. 作表語(yǔ)的 形容詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。其結(jié) 構(gòu) 為 “ 表 語(yǔ) +連 系 動(dòng) 詞 +主語(yǔ)”。e.g. Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the sad days when Chinese were looked down on.Among the goods is a Ch

5、ristmas tree.Such are the facts; no one can deny them.點(diǎn)睛 完全倒裝往往與主謂一致相結(jié)合進(jìn)行考查。如例 3 中的系動(dòng)詞為is，不是are,因?yàn)樵摼渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)為a Christmas tree而 among the goods是介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。3. 直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)，主句中的主謂常直接 倒裝。e.g. “Thats right,”said the teacher, pointing at the map.“I do hope,”said Na n cy,“t h ey havent all forgotten about it

6、.”點(diǎn)睛 上述三種情況中，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，則不用倒裝。e.g. Now it comes.They are gone.“That s righsth,e sa”id, pointing at the map.4. 表示祝愿的固定句式：Long livee.g. Long live our friendship.點(diǎn)睛 該句式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有 live 這種形式，無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 與數(shù)的變化。部分倒裝（ Partial Inversion ）將謂語(yǔ)的一部分（即be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)之前， 形成 部分倒裝。1.only + 狀語(yǔ)（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句 ）置于句首時(shí)。e.g. Onl

7、y in this way/ now can you solve this problem.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.點(diǎn)睛 only + 狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，從句不倒裝、主句倒裝。2. 表示否定意義的詞、詞組( hardly, in no way, at no time, little, few, scarcely, seldom, never, not, no more, no longer, no sooner, not only but also, notu

8、n til 等)位于句首時(shí)。e.g. Seldom do I go to work by bus.Not until he came back did his parents go to bed last night.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.Not only does it offer us experience, but (also) it brings us pleasure.點(diǎn)睛 not until 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀

9、語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不倒裝、主句倒裝；no soon er tha n與 hardly /scarcely whe n 都表示“一就”，但所使用的連詞不一樣，且連詞than /when之前用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，之后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；not only but also要連接兩個(gè)分句才 倒裝，且前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝。3. 在 so / such.that.句. 型中， so. / such.位. 于句首時(shí)。e.g. So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.In such a hurry did she leave the office t

10、hat she forgot to lock the door.4. 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，so/ neither/nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”句式表示“與前面所述的肯定 / 否定情 況相同”。e.g. A: His brother is a college student. B: So is mine.A: He usednt to go fishing.B: Neither / Nor used I.點(diǎn)睛 表示“對(duì)前面所述的肯定 / 否定情況加以肯定、 確認(rèn)”時(shí)， 則該句式不倒裝，即：so/ neither/ nor+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞。e.

11、g. A: His brother is a college student.B: So he is.（是啊，他的確是個(gè)大學(xué)生。）A: He usedntto go fishing.B: Neither/ Nor he used.5. 虛擬條件句中省略 if 時(shí)。e.g. Were I you, I would accept his invitation.Should it not rain, we would go hiking.Had you followed his advice, you might have passed the exam.點(diǎn)睛虛擬條件句中省略if時(shí),只將條件句中的w

12、ere/ should /had置于句首。不能將例 2 寫(xiě)為 Should not it rain, we would go hiking.6. 表示祝愿的固定表達(dá)：Maye.g. May you have fun in China.May you succeed.三、講究方法，科學(xué)訓(xùn)練，鞏固提升1. 將倒裝的以上條目簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“ 346規(guī)則” 即: 3種形式的形式 倒裝，條目分別為4、6的完全倒裝與部分倒裝，并結(jié)合例句與點(diǎn)睛 爛熟于心。2. 讀懂題干，首先判斷屬于哪一類(lèi)型的倒裝，再仔細(xì)分析，與 所列舉的具體條目對(duì)號(hào)入座。3. 注重細(xì)節(jié)，分清主句與從句，注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)與數(shù)的 變化。試以下面三

13、道高考真題加以體驗(yàn)：1. For a mome nt nothing happe ned. Thenall shout ing together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come2. So sudde nthat the en emy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack did C. was the attackD. theattack was3. Unsatisfiedwith the payme nt, he took the job just to get some workexperie nee.A. though was heC. he was thoughB. though he wasD. was he though 點(diǎn)睛 三道題分別考查了完全、部分與形式