初中賓語從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)

1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語 動詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如：I know the man.而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如：1 hiow that ihc man is a policeman主句引導(dǎo)詞 從句賓語從句三大塊：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時態(tài)。I 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. 陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy老 師說我是個好

2、男孩。She doesn ' t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句：1.1 know 2. She says 3. Tell your frie nd(that)1. This is a book.2. You like si nging.3. He worked last ni ght.4. They will go home.5. Jim has bee n to Beiji ng.6.She sings well.2. 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時

3、，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為 是否” 如:(1) Is Jim a good student? I don ' t knowI don' t know if /whetheJim is a good stude nt.C(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句：1. Do you know2.1 want to know3. The teacher asks if/whether1.1s he readi ng ?2

4、. Do you get up at six?3. Does Tom work hard?4. Did you watch TV ?5. Will they read books ?6. Can you sing ?注意：只能用 whether不用if的三種情況? 一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種 情況只能用whether：?與or not連用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.Let me know whether you can come or not.8?在介詞之后:It depends on whether it is

5、going to rain.?在不定式之前：I worry about whether I hurt her feeli ngsWe haven' t decided whether to go there.I don ' t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:Cl.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?C2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you

6、 know where she lives?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句：1. Do you know2.I want to know3. Can you tell me 1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?n 賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句式連詞語序例句陳述句That不變I thi nk that we can be good frien ds.一般疑問句

7、if/whether改為陳述語序I can ' t remember if I posted the letter特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序He asked who was our En glish teacher.注意事項：（一）當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及 what, who作主語時，語序不變：What' s wrong? What' s the matter?What' s happening? Which is the way to ？eg:l don' t know what' s the matter.Can you tell m

8、e who is over there?川賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)時態(tài)過去進1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是 I don ' t think （that） you are right.Please tell us where we ' ll go fishing tomorrow.Do you know whe n Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的 寸態(tài)（一般過去時,行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：He told me that he was born in B

9、eijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2. 從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。The teacher told me she was bo

10、rn in I960.即學(xué)即練子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1) These flowers are from Guan gdo ng. He said.He saidthese flowersfrom Guangdong.2) Light travels faster tha n sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told melightfaster tha n sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn' t know.Jack didn ' t knowther

11、ea meeting in five days.4) Can they speak Fren ch? I want to kno w. I want to knowFrench.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell methe childrengames.6) Have you fini shed your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chaohomework yet.7) How many people can you see in the pictur

12、e? Who kno ws?Who knowsin the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you knowher car?9) What does he ofte n talk about? The girl won dered.The girl won deredofte nabout.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don' t know.I don ' t knowat the door so loudly.11) Does he still

13、live in that street? I don't know.I don't knowhe stillin that street.12) What's his n ame? I asked him. I asked him what.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me.14) Do they want fried chicke n? He asked the boys. He asked the boystheyfriedchicken.15) Was the watch m

14、ade in Shanghai? I don't know.I don't know the watchmade in Shanghai.單項選擇1) I hopeit will snow this win ter.A.whe nB.ifC.whetherD./答案：D hope后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略2) I don ' t knowMr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our En glish.A. whyB.whe nC.howD.where答案：A從下文的

15、答語看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是來看我們的原因3) 1 can ' t rememberI have seen him before.A. whether B.whyC.whatD.how答案：A 本句表達一種不確定的概念，用 whether或if。4) Do you know？ I ' m going to see him.Sorry， I don ' t know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB. where did Mr.Li liveC. where Mr.Li livesD. where Mr.Li lived答案：C 賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除

16、A、B兩項。從句意判斷問的是 現(xiàn)在住哪兒？ ”。5) Where do you thi nkhethe compute？Sorry， I have no idea.A. /; boughtB.has； boughtC.did; buyD.does； buy答案：A do you think是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6) 1 can' t understandhe likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whether C.whyD.where答案：C句意為 我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7) (2010 北京中

17、考大綱卷)一Do you knowthe MP3 player last week?Sorry， I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C 賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除 A、B兩項，由last week判斷應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)8) (2010 北京中考大綱卷)I don ' t knowtomorrow.Can you tell me?A.whe n we startedB.whe n d

18、id we startC.whe n we will startD.whe n will we start答案：C 由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)表示經(jīng)典例題例 1 In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved My Cheese wasan in terest ing book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字誰動了我的奶酪，本句含義是 一個讀者問書 店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名Who Moved My Che

19、ese它本身含有一個who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個 獨立的完整的東西。例 2 I was toldBill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that whe n思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是 比爾 蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦”,應(yīng)該用when表示 當(dāng)時”，本句中的that是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選 D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時間狀語的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或 另一個含義考慮。例3 （2010江蘇蘇州中考）一I wonder.Zebras.A. what do they call these ani malsB. how they call these an imalsC. what they call these ani