介詞的用法總結(jié)

1、介詞的用法1.表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞1）at ,in, on, to , forat （1）表示在小地方；（2）表示“在附近，旁邊”in （1）表示 在大地方；（2）表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。on表示毗鄰，接壤，“在上面”。to表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤；或“到”2）above, over, on 在上above指在上方，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)；over指垂直的上方，與under相對(duì)，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river.H

2、e put his watch on the desk.3）below, under 在下面under表示在一正下方below表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4）in front frantof, in the front of在前面in front of 意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞 是behind （在的后面）。There are some flowers in front of the house.（房子前面有些花卉。 ）in t

3、he front of意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)踴義詞是at theback of （在范圍內(nèi)的后部）。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我們的老師站在教室前.（老師在教室里）5） beside , behindbeside 表示在旁邊behind 表示在后面2 .表示時(shí)間的介詞1）in , on , at 在時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等

4、。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in themorning, in one ' s life , in one等。s thirtieson表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year' s Day, on a cold night in January,on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指 圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。如 at 3:20, a

5、t this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end ofof ，at Christmas at nig ht, at noon, at this moment 等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meetevery day.2）in, after 在之后“in +段時(shí)間”表示將來的一段時(shí)間以后；“ after+ 段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后；“ after+將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示將來的某一時(shí)刻以后。3）from, since 自從from僅說明什么時(shí)候開始，不說明

6、某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久；since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。since表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來"，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語的時(shí)間狀語。since liberation （1980 ）自從解放（1980 年）以來 They have been close friendssince childhood .他們從小就是好朋友。（1） since the war是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來"，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始以來"，須說"since the beginning of the war" 。（2）不要將since

7、與after混淆。比較：He has worked here since 1965.（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從 1965年以來，他一直在這兒工作。He began to work here after 1965（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從 1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。4）after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示時(shí)間；behind主要用于表示位置。時(shí)間名詞前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in 具體日子要用on 遇到幾號(hào)也用on 上午下午得是in要說某日上下午用on換in記清楚午夜黃昏用at 黎明用它也不錯(cuò)at用在時(shí)分前說“差”可要用上to說"過''要

8、用past3 .表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞：across, through 通過，穿過across表示橫過，即從物體表面通過，與on有關(guān)，為二維through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過，與in有關(guān)，為三維。4 .表示“在之間”的介詞：表示“在之間”的介詞在英語中屬于 方位介詞,如in front of , behind , on ,in, near , under , upbetween, amongbetween指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。5 .表示其他意義的介詞1）on ,about 關(guān)于on表示這本書，這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專門研究這一問題

9、的人閱讀；about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。2）by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用一方式，用語言（語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色）等；3）except, besides 除了except 除之外，不包括在內(nèi)；besides除之外，包括在內(nèi)。Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.（ 王先生沒去）Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）其它常用介詞介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它

10、們的用法卻非常靈活，復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義：1 ） about關(guān)于，附近，大約，周圍，隨身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我買了本有關(guān) 莎士比亞 的書。There are about fifteen trees in the picture.大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。2 ） above 在t,高出，以上，超過，在.上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云上飛行。I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多歲了。3 ) across 橫過

11、,對(duì)面,交叉,在 .的對(duì)面 .Can you swim across the river ？你能游過河嗎？We live across the street. 我們住在街的對(duì)面。4 ) after 在 . 后面 ,依照 .He went home after school. 他放學(xué)后就回家了。Read after me, please. 請(qǐng)跟我朗讀。5 ) against 撞到，靠著,反對(duì),違背,The car hit against the tree.汽車撞了樹。He is standing against the wall. 他靠墻站著。6 ) along 沿著,順著.They are w

12、alking along the river. 他們沿著河行走。7 ) among 在 .當(dāng)中 .(三者或三者以上)He is the tallest among them. 他是他們當(dāng)中個(gè)子最高的。8 ) around 在 .的周圍,在 .那一邊 .They sat around the table talking the news. 他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣?。There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角處有一家藥店。9 ) as 作為 .He doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小

13、孩子對(duì)待。10 ) at 在 .時(shí)刻,在.點(diǎn)鐘,在.歲時(shí), 向， 在 .之中， 按.速度,值 (賣). 錢, 在.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn))He always gets up at six in the morning. 他時(shí)常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽車以每小時(shí)八十公里的速度行駛。11 ) before 在 .的前面 (位置 ),在 .之前(時(shí)間)He took a picture before the car. 他在汽車前照了張照片。He ca

14、n't finish his work before supper. 晚飯前他完不成工作。天花板下面有四盞燈。門后有掃帚嗎？ 我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。12 ) behind 在 .的后面(位置), 落后于，不如4) after 在 .后面,依照，Are there any brooms behind the door.All of us are behind him in mathematics.13 ) below 在 .之下 ,低于 ,There are four lights below the ceiling.殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。The murderer run away be

15、low the police's eyes.14 ) beside 在 .的旁邊,在.之外,與.相比 .He found the body beside the river.他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了 尸體。Beside yours , my computer is too slow.與你的計(jì)算機(jī)速度相比，我的就慢多了。15 ) besides 除之外,還有.We are all here besides Bowe. 除鮑外，我們也都來了。16 ) between在兩者之間，He sits between you and me.他坐在你我之間。17 ) beyond 在那邊，The shop yo

16、u are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會(huì)找不到的。18 ) but 除去.He has nothing but money.他除錢以外什么都沒有。19 ) by被，在的近旁，在之前，不遲于，以為手段。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐 是乘飛機(jī)來 中國(guó)的。20 ) down 沿著.望下。She walked down the street.

17、她沿著街道走。21 ) during在期間，在.時(shí)候。During the holiday, we went to the south.我們假期去了 南方。22 ) except 除之外。He knows nothing except English.他除英語以外什么都不知道。23 ) for 為.，因?yàn)?，至于.。He works for this company.他為這家公司工作。She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是因?yàn)榘褧粼诹四抢铩?4 ) from 從.，來

18、自.，因?yàn)椤here are you from?你是哪里人？He died from an accident.他死于一場(chǎng)事故。25 ) in在.，在之內(nèi)，從事于.,按照.，穿著。He was born in 1992. 他生于 1992 年。I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用兩周時(shí)間完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。He spend less time in reading.他讀書時(shí)間很少。The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夾克的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。26 ) like 象.，如同.。The twins are

19、like their father.雙胞胎像他們的父親。27 ) near 靠近 。There are some flowers near the house. 房子附近有一些花。28 ) of . 的，屬于.。This is a map of China. 這是一張中國(guó)地圖。29 ) off 離開 .，在 .之外。The young man got off the train quickly. 那個(gè)年青人很快下了火車。I live in a village a little way off the main road. 我住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村莊里。30 ) on 在 .之上。My book

20、 is on the table. 我的書在桌子上。31 ) out of 從 .出來，在.之外。The dog run out of the house. 狗從房子里跑出來。32 ) outside . 外邊 .They are waiting outside the gate. 他們?cè)陂T外等著。33 ) over 在 .之上，遍于.之上，越過.。There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盞燈。He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多歲。34 ) past 越過 .，過 .，超越 .。The students walked past

21、the post office. 學(xué)生們走過了郵局。It is ten past two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)十分。35 ) round 圍著 .，繞過 .，在 .周圍。We sat round the table. 我們圍著桌子坐下。The earth goes round the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。36 ) since 自 . 以后，自.以來。He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.從他來到大學(xué)后，他的英語有了很大進(jìn)步。37 ) through 經(jīng)過 .，穿過 .。(立體層面)They wen

22、t through the forest. 他們穿過了森林。38 ) throughout 遍及.，在各處。The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山尋找犯人。39 ) till 直到 .，在 .以前。He didn't come back till eleven o'clock. 他直到十一點(diǎn)鐘才回來。We'll be home till six. 六點(diǎn)以前我們都會(huì)在家。40 ) to 到 .，向.，趨于。How long is it from here to the statio

23、n ？從這兒到車站有多遠(yuǎn)？41 ) under 在之下，低于。There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有幾顆足球。These students are under seventeen years old.這些學(xué)生們不至 U十七歲。42 ) until 直到，在以前，Please wait for us until we come back.請(qǐng)等著我們回來。It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直至 U上周我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文。43 ) up在.上面，在上。He went

24、 up the stairs. 他上了樓梯。44 ) upon 在之上，迫近.oIt's not polite to look down upon him.蔑視他是不禮貌的。45 ) within 在.之內(nèi)。You must finish the work within two weeks.你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。46 ) without 沒有，不，在.之外。We can't do it better without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我們就做不好。We couldn't live without air and water.沒有空氣和水，我們就不可

25、能生存。(A)In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because manycountries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held everyfour years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and morethan 60 children from Japanese schools came togeth

26、er and spent three weekendsdrawing a big picture called“ Dream( 夢(mèng)幻 )World Cups " in Japan .The childrendrew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They旗幟）of all the countrieswished each football team good luck by drawing the flags（ that will take part in the World C

27、up in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan（ 迷）? The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers（ 青少年）like playing and watching football .Many of them love some

28、 football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have.A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many fo

29、otball player D. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in.A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 20043. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except.A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “ Dream World Cup ” ,the children dr

30、ew theags of some countries </P< p>A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars becauseA. they are interested

31、 in football B. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera （照相機(jī)）.He put it in a windowof his house and took a picture

32、of hia garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography （攝影術(shù)）was in 1837. Thatyear, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the sm

33、allest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre ' s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photograph

34、ers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers hadto carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture ofgread pe

35、ople .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的 ）Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Somephotod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte ofA. hi

36、s business B. his house C. his garden D. his window7. The Daguerrotype was. </P< p>A. Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive

37、cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us.A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and fe

38、elings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras（C）Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van（住房7氣車）A small car

39、can hold（ 容納）four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded（ 擁擠）.A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made th

40、em sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases（衣箱）when they travel. When theyarrive at their grandparents' home , the suitcases are brought into the two seatscan then carry the grandparents.Am

41、ericans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can

42、enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.11. From the passage, a van is also called.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a v

43、an, they.A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents' houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with.A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans14. Americans usually use motor homer.A. to travel

44、with all the family members of holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their children to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let fami

45、lies have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor homes（D）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m.on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boa

46、t moved under the captain's （船長(zhǎng)） feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano （火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high thenext day and 60 meters high on 18th November.

47、 Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high a

48、nd 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey.Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.16. Surtsey is.A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcanoC. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland 1

49、7. Scientists flew there.A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boatC. to learn about the island D. to build a house18. When did scientist fly there to watch?A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. Af

50、ter the volcano stopped rushing up.19. Put the following sentences in correct order.a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea.c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.e. The island grew quickly.A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .

51、a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c20. The best title of this article is.A. A new island B. The birth of an islandC. A new world D. Scientists discovered Surtsey(E)On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon（氣球）.They started early inLondon. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar a

52、nd Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope華南子）,and it washanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying somebags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It