動詞不定自己歸納

1、動詞不定式動詞不定式：(to) +do，具有名詞、形容詞、畐U詞的特征。1不定式的形式：(以動詞write為例)否定式：not + (to) do(1) 一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動 詞動作之后，例如：rm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot. We pla n to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.。 The patie nt asked to be operated on at on ce.The teacher ordered the work to be do

2、ne.(2) 進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 。 He seems to be reading in his room.(3) 完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie. 。 I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his frie nd.2 不定式的句法功能：(1 )作主語：To finish the work in ten m

3、inu tes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minu tes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2 )作表語：Her job is to clea n the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3 )作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：wa nt, hope, wish, offer, fail

4、, pla n, learn, prete nd, refuse,man age, help, agree, promise, prefer,如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語(不定式)后置，放在賓語補足語后面，例如：Marx found it importa nt to study the situati on in Russia.動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did no thi ng last Sun day but repair his bike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，

5、如：He gave us some advice on how to lear n En glish.(4 )作賓語補足語：在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補足語，如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want, wish, ask,tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介詞有時也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用，如：With a lot of work to do, he did n't go to the cin ema有些動詞

6、如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加to,女口：（5 ）作定語：動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系： 動賓關(guān)系：I have a meet ing to atte nd.注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，女口：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you ope n it with?如果不定式修飾 ti

7、me, place, way，可以省略介詞：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者，不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：Have you got anything to send? 說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：We have made a plan to finish the work. 被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：He is the first to get here.（6 ）作狀語： 表目的：He worked day and ni ght to get the

8、mon ey.She sold her hair to buy the watch cha in.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:wrong : To save money, every means has been tried.right : To save money, he has tried every means.wrong : To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.right : To lear n En glish well, he n eeds a dict ion ary. 表結(jié)果：He arrived la

9、te to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調(diào)：I visited him only to find him out. 表原因：They were very sad to hear the n ews. 表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything.The questi on is simple for him to an swer.（7）作獨立成分：To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.（8） 不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。If

10、 you don't want to do it, you don't n eed to.（9 ）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。He wished to study medici ne and become a doctor.注意：1.用作介詞的to: to有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動名詞, to在下面的用法中是第二種， 即to+名詞/動名詞：admit to承認 be used to習(xí)慣于stick to 堅持，turn to 開始，著手于， devote on eself to 獻身于，be devoted to 致力于， look fo

11、rward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意2. 省to的動詞不定式1）情態(tài)動詞 （除ought夕卜，ought to）:2）使役動詞let, have, make： （make后接不帶to的動詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動時，to不可省略）。3）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, no tice , observe, hear, liste n to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補， 省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中貝Uto 不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them wo

12、rk the whole ni ght.=They were made to work the whole ni ght.4）would rather, had better：5）Why/ why not：表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不 ?""干嗎不?"Why not take a holiday?6）help 可帶 to,也可不帶 to, help sb （to） do sth :I have no choice but to stay here.He did no thi ng last Sun day but repair his bike

13、.7）but和except： but前是動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。8）由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to可以省去：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out.3. 不定式的特殊句型 tooto1） tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動了，說不出話來。 - Can I help you ?需要我?guī)兔? - Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy

14、for you to carry it, but tha nk you all the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動。謝謝您。2）如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達肯定，too后那個詞表達一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。It's never too late to mend.（諺語） 改過不嫌晚。3）當(dāng)too前面有only, all, but時，意思是：非常 等于very。rm only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高興能幫助你。He was but too eager to get home.

15、他非常想回家。4. 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標記的。但是有時用of.It ' s necessary for you to study hard .It ' s foolish of him to do it .與 of 連用的形容詞有： （good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible）5. 主謂關(guān)系：She is always the last （ pers on） to speak at the meeti ng

16、.-1 ' m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post .（ 邏輯主語是 I ）Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now （ 邏輯主語不是 I ）6. 不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區(qū)別：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting .（ 將來）The buildi ng being built on the river is the Science Museum .（正在進行）The building

17、 completed three years ago is now in bad conditions .（ 過去）專項練習(xí)1. The teacher told themmake so much no ise.A. don ' t B. not C. will not D. not to2. Mrs Smith warned her daughterafter drinking.A. n ever to driveC. n ever drivi ng3. I saw himB. to n ever driveD. n ever drive out of the room.A. go

18、B. had gone C. has gone D. goes4. Though he had ofte n made his little sister, today he was madeby his littlesister. A. cry ; to cryB. crying ; cryingC. cry; cryD. to cry ; cry5. There isn ' t any differenee between the two. I really don' t knowA. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choos

19、e whatD. to choose which6. He doesn ' t knowto stay or not.A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will7.She prete ndedme whe n I passed by.A. not to see B. not see ingC. to not see D. havi ng not see n8.- The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot.D. havi ng tur ned it offA. turning it off B

20、. turn it off C. to turn it off9. We agreedhere but so far she has nt turned up yet.A. havi ng metB. meet ingC. to meetD. to have met10. She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the side of the path.C. to rest D. restA. to have rested B. rest ing11. He was too excitedA. speak B. t

21、o speak C. not to speak D. speak ing12. He said he would rather notit right now.A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing13. It ' s freezing outside. Youput on your overcoat.A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to.A. sit B. s