在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句被修飾的名

1、Unit 4 Sharing. 語法在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that等和關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。1. 由who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句這類定語從句中who用作主語，whom作賓語，whose作定語指人。例如： This is the man who helped me. 這位是幫過我的那個人。 The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位

2、大夫在屋里。 Do you know the man whose name is Thompson? 你認識那個叫湯普森的人嗎？2. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句這類從句只能指物，which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。例如： This is the book which you want. 這就是你要的那本書。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 河邊的那棟樓是我們學(xué)校。 The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 有機器的房間是車間。1）whom，wh

3、ose，which作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可放在它們之前，也可放在從句原來的位置上，在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 這位就是你在找的那個人。2）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞往往用which，不用that。例如：I have lost my book, which I like very much. 我的書丟了，我非常喜歡那本書。3. 由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that在定語從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語。例如：The lette

4、r that I received was from my father. 我收到的那封信是我父親寫給我的。在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：1）先行詞是不定代詞：all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等。例如：All that we have to do is to practice every day. 我們要做的就是每天練習(xí)。2）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾，只用that，不用which。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我永遠也忘不了

5、所學(xué)的第一課。The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.這是開往蘇州的最后一趟車。3）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被被形容詞最高級修飾，只用that，不用which。This is the best that has been used against pollution. 這是用來預(yù)防污染的最佳辦法。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。4）先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。例如：I h

6、ave read all the books (that) you gave me. 你給我的書我全讀完了。5）先行詞被the only，the very，the last修飾時。He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是惟一的我想跟說話的人。The only possessions that I could see were a few tin plates and cups and a couple of pots. 我能看到的他們僅有的財產(chǎn)就是幾個錫盤子、杯子和三兩個罐子。6）先行詞既有人又有物時。例如：They talked of

7、things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他們談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬哪切┰趯W(xué)校的人和事。7)當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which 等疑問代詞時。Who is the boy that won the gold medal?8) 當(dāng)有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用了which, 另一個宜用that.Thay secretly built up a small favtory, which produced things that could cause pollution.9) 當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語

8、。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.4. 由when / where / why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他為什么來晚了。 This is the place where we lived for 5 years. 這就是我住過五年的地方。 I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Li. 我永遠也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。先行詞表示地點時，有時用where，有時用that（which）引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時要看從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞。如果是及物動詞就用that（which），否則用where。例如：