人教中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞

1、九年級(jí)英語下專題復(fù)習(xí)5介詞教案【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】要求學(xué)生掌握常用介詞的用法?！窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】1. 表示時(shí)間的介詞; 2. 表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞；3. 常用介詞用法辨析; 4. 介詞與其它詞類的搭配；1)形容詞與介詞的搭配; 2)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配; 3)名詞與介詞的搭配?！局R(shí)梳理】一、考查簡單介詞的用法知識(shí)鏈接 分類例詞表示時(shí)間in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from, to, by, before, past表示方位in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between

2、, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, ,next to, among表示往返的方向to, towards, round, around, though, across, fromto, into, out of, off, along其他by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without（一）時(shí)間介詞1at、in、on表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別 (1)at表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用于表示鐘點(diǎn)及某些詞組中。如: at Christmas(在圣誕節(jié))； at six o

3、clock(在6點(diǎn)鐘)； at night(在晚上)； at the end of(在結(jié)束時(shí))； at the age of(在歲時(shí))；at last(最終，最后)。(2)in還可以表示從現(xiàn)在算起到若干時(shí)間以后，意為“在時(shí)間后”，用于一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在5分鐘內(nèi)畫一匹好看的馬嗎?(3)on用于表示確定的時(shí)間，具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般節(jié)日等。如:on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Teachers Day (在教師

4、節(jié))on Monday morning (在星期一上午)；on a cold morning (在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨)；on the night of October 22nd (在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day (在圣誕節(jié))。注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等開始的表示時(shí)間的單詞或詞組前不用介詞。如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我將去北京。2.for，since，from表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別(1)“for+一段時(shí)間”意為“已經(jīng)多長時(shí)間了”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間，可與過去、現(xiàn)在、將

5、來等多種時(shí)態(tài)連用，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: She has worked there for four years.她已經(jīng)在那里工作4年了。(2)since用作介詞時(shí)，意為“自從，自以后”，指從某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)至今，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，通常與完成時(shí)連用。如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工廠自1989年春就在那里了。注意:since還可以用作連詞，用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自從他離開以后，這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。(3)from(from.to

6、.)表示開始的時(shí)間，意為“從”(“從到”)，謂語可用過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)。如:Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 學(xué)生們周一至周五上學(xué)。3.to，past，pass表時(shí)間的區(qū)別(1)to介詞，大于30分鐘時(shí)，表示“差”。如:ten to seven (6:50)(2)past介詞，小于30分鐘時(shí)，表示“過”。 如:ten past six (6:10)(3)pass動(dòng)詞，表示“經(jīng)過，過去”。如:He passed by me.他從我身邊經(jīng)過。4.其余表示時(shí)間的介詞(1)after指時(shí)間“在以后”，后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段均可。接時(shí)間段時(shí)，多和過

7、去時(shí)連用；接時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，多和將來時(shí)連用。如:He came back after a few days.幾天后他回來了。 Ill call you after 4:30.四點(diǎn)半以后我給你打電話。(2)till/until表示“到為止，直到之時(shí)，直至”，在肯定句中要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。 I shall wait until ten oclock.我將等到10點(diǎn)鐘。在否定句中，not.until.意為“直到才”，是連詞，用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用短暫性動(dòng)詞。如:I didnt go to bed

8、 until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11點(diǎn)鐘我才睡覺。(3)by 表示“不遲于”(not later than)，常與完成時(shí)連用。如:by then到那時(shí)，by now到目前為止。They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上為止他們已經(jīng)看過四部英語電影。(4)before指時(shí)間“在以前”，后面一般接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:I will get to Australia before Friday.我將于星期五之前到達(dá)澳大利亞。(5)during表示“在期間”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“自始至終”。如:During th

9、ose three months，he asked a lot of questions.在那三個(gè)月期間，他問了許多問題。（二）方式介詞1.by，in，on表交通方式用by時(shí)，交通工具前不用任何限定詞；用on或in時(shí)，交通工具前用限定詞。如:Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮騎自行車去上學(xué)。(by bike=on a bike)Mr. Green goes to work by car.格林先生開車去上班。(by car=in a car)2.by，in，with表示手段或工具(1)with后跟具體的工具。如:I often do my homework with

10、a pen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆做作業(yè)。(2)in表示使用某種語言或使用某種材料，語言、材料前不加冠詞。如:Can you say it in English? 你能用英語說嗎?(3)by表示用某種方式或手段，在名詞前不加冠詞，若后接動(dòng)詞，需將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞形式。如:This pair of shoes is made by hand.這雙鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching.他靠教書為生。（三）地點(diǎn)介詞1.in，at與on(1)in表示地點(diǎn)，意為“在內(nèi)”，用于內(nèi)部。如:He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放進(jìn)口袋。(2)on意為

11、“在上面”，用于表面接觸，指在一個(gè)平面上。如: There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上鋪著一塊地毯。(3)表示“在某地”時(shí)，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如: When did you arrive at the station? 你什么時(shí)候到車站的? He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武漢。(4)at還有“在旁邊”之意，如: at the table在桌子旁邊2.above與belowabove的意思是“在之上” “高于”，與物體表面不接觸，表示相對(duì)高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反義詞是below。如: The plane flew abov

12、e the clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上面飛行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平線。3.over與underover的意思是“在之上”， 與物體表面不接觸，表示垂直之上，其反義詞是under。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座橋。 There is a boat under the bridge.橋下有一艘船。4.by，beside與near(1)by表示“在旁邊”，較near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河邊。(2)beside表示“近旁”、“緊靠”，相當(dāng)于ne

13、xt to。如:Come and sit beside me.來坐在我的身旁。 (3)near意為“在附近”，可以表示空間、時(shí)間關(guān)系等。如: He sits near the window.他坐在窗戶附近。5.after與behind(1)after表示位置關(guān)系，意為“在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list.名單上，你的名字列于我之后。(2)behind表示位置，意為“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree.那個(gè)男孩躲在一棵樹后。6.through, across, cross穿過(1)through

14、介詞，縱穿(從空間穿過)。如:The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿過樹林離開了。(2)across介詞，橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面)。如:He is walking across the street.他正在橫過馬路。(3)cross動(dòng)詞，橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面)。如:He is crossing the street. 他正在橫過馬路。7.among, between 在之間among在(三者或三者以上)之間；between在(兩者)之間。常用詞組: between.and，如: The man who is standing among the stud

15、ents is Lilys father.站在學(xué)生中間的是莉莉的父親。I will be back between five and six.我將在5到6點(diǎn)之間回來。8.in，on，toin表示在范圍之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍)；on表示與某一地區(qū)接壤；to表示隔海相望。如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (廣東屬于中國。)Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (廣東不屬于湖南，但與湖南是毗鄰關(guān)系。)Japan is to the east of China. (日本不屬于中國，而且隔海相望。)9.outside與insideou

16、tside意為“在的外邊”；inside意為“在的里邊，在之內(nèi)”。如:A woman is waiting outside the office.一位婦女正在辦公室門外等候。Dont let the dog come inside the house.不要讓狗進(jìn)入房子里。10.in front of與in the front ofin front of表示“在之前”(范圍外)；in the front of表示“在的前部(范圍內(nèi))”。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些樹。Our teacher usually sit

17、s in the front of the classroom.我們的老師經(jīng)常坐在教室的前面。 品味中考【考例1】When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?_July 1st，1997福州市A On B In C. At D. For 答案A【考例2】Id like a cup of coffee _some sugar and milk. 廣東省A. in B. to C. of D. with 答案D【考例3】Oh, so many people in the amusement park! Nobody likes to stay at ho

18、me _ Sunday morning. 太原市A. in B. on C. at 答案B二、考查介詞之間的辨析知識(shí)鏈接 【考例1】The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. 成都市A. across B. through C. over 答案B【考例2】Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. （山東濟(jì)寧） A. across 

19、;  B. behind   C. between   D. over 答案A【考例3】Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, Its too dangerous.Lets go and help him _the road. 河南省A. through B. along C. cross D. over 答案C三、考查成語介詞與介詞固定搭配知識(shí)鏈接1.介詞+動(dòng)詞的常見搭配listen to聽laugh at嘲笑get to到達(dá) look for尋找get onoff上車下車 wait

20、 for等待 hear from收到的來信 worry about擔(dān)心think of想起，認(rèn)為 look after照顧 spend.on花費(fèi)agree with同意do with處置 depend on依靠talk about談?wù)?turn onoff打開關(guān)掉 turn updown調(diào)大調(diào)小 regard.as把當(dāng)作 pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for請(qǐng)求，向要2.介詞與形容詞的常見搭配be fond of喜歡be ready for為做好準(zhǔn)備be kind to對(duì)親切be sure about確信be busy with忙于be late for遲到be afraid

21、 of害怕be good at擅長于be full of裝滿3.介詞+名詞的常見搭配by bikebustrain騎自行車/乘公共汽車乘火車 on foot步行withwithout ones help在有沒有某人的幫助下on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)on ones way to在某人去的路上to ones surprise使某人驚奇的是at the end of在盡頭，末尾at the foot of在的腳下品味中考【考例1】You must always be careful _ electricityIts dangerous沈陽市A to B at C for Dwith 答案D【考例2】Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! 哈爾濱市A. on B. with C. without 答案B【考例3】Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. 昆明市A. f