中考英語畢節(jié)總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題講義專題11　動詞的語態(tài)

1、專題十一動詞的語態(tài)畢節(jié)五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢近五年畢節(jié)中考考情分析2019年畢節(jié)中考命題預(yù)測年份考查角度考查重點題號分值預(yù)計2019年畢節(jié)中考對動詞的語態(tài)的考查仍是重點，傾向于考查動詞被動語態(tài)的用法，主要以單項填空、完形填空、短文改錯的形式出現(xiàn)，考查的小題數(shù)約34道。2019動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法一般過去時的被動語態(tài)2512019/2019/2019動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法一般過去時的被動語態(tài)2512019/畢節(jié)中考考點突破動詞的語態(tài)1動詞語態(tài)的分類英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒

2、很多人說英語。(2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動詞的對象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語被很多人說。(Chinese是動詞speak的承受者)2被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)如下：時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are過去分詞Chinese is spoken by many people.一般過去時was/were過去分詞Chinese was spoken by many people.一般將來時shall/will be過去分

3、詞或am/is/are going to be過去分詞Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.過去將來時(不常考)would be過去分詞或was/were going to be過去分詞Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(不?？?am/is/are being過去分詞Chinese is being spoken b

4、y many people.續(xù)表時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句過去進(jìn)行時(不常考)was/were being過去分詞Chinese was being spoken by many people.現(xiàn)在完成時(不?？?has/havebeen過去分詞Chinese has been spoken by many people.過去完成時(不?？?hadbeen過去分詞Chinese had been spoken by many people.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞Chinese must be spoken by many people.3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1)圖示：(2

5、)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞用被動。(3)變換步驟：將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ纾篢om killed him.He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。將動詞改為“be過去分詞”。be動詞與新主語相一致，時態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了。將主動語態(tài)的主語改為“by”，放在謂語動詞后。如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by him.他唱了

6、一首歌。4常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music cla

7、ssroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，同樣要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes the students do much homework every day.The students are made to do much homework by th

8、e teacher every day.那位老師讓學(xué)生們每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。(4)動詞短語的被動語態(tài) 動詞短語是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹將會被外祖母照顧。(5)表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”等的詞組It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested

9、 that 大家建議It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remembered that 務(wù)必記住的是5不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動形式表示被動含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。(2)有些動詞在后面跟動詞ing形式表被動含義，如need/want/require/worth等。如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。 The book is worth rea

10、ding. 這本書值得一讀。 Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要馬上清理一下。(3)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，如：happen，appear，last，lie，remain，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place等。如： The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。6主動形式表示被動意義wash，clean，cook，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，wr

11、ite，sell，drive等通常與well，easily，slowly，quickly等副詞連用。如：The book sells well. 這本書銷售的好。7特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb.heard/understood(使別人能聽見/理解自己)，have sth.done(請某人做某事)。如：Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.你的頭發(fā)太長了。你應(yīng)該剪頭發(fā)。單項填空。(C)1.(2019安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower _ this afternoon in the south.

12、Aexpects BexpectedCis expected Dwas expected(B)2.(2019預(yù)測)The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedCfinish Dwill finish畢節(jié)中考題例及解析單項填空。( )1.(2019畢節(jié)中考)The mobile phone _ in 1973.Ainvents BinventedCwas invented Dis invented【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)的用法。句意：手機是1973年發(fā)

13、明的。invents一般現(xiàn)在時；invented一般過去時；was invented一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；is invented一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。in 1973表示過去的時間，結(jié)合句意，主語是動作的承受者，用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故選C。( )2.(2019畢節(jié)中考)A bridge _ over the river last year.Abuilds BbuiltCwas built Dis built【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)的用法。句意：去年，這條河上建了一座橋。builds一般現(xiàn)在時；built一般過去時；was built一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；is built一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語

14、態(tài)。last year用于一般過去時，結(jié)合句意，主語是動作的承受者，用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故選C?？?點 搶 測動詞的語態(tài)單項填空。(C)1.(2019南充中考)What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!Yes，many old trees and houses _Apull down Bwere pulling downCwere pulled down Dpulled down(C)2.(2019南京中考)Simon，do you know who invented the kite?Sure! It _ by Mozi over 2，00

15、0 years ago.Ais invented BinventedCwas invented Dwill be invented(D)3.(2019重慶中考A卷)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _ in China.I'm sure it will be a great success.Ahold Bwill holdCwere held Dwill be held(B)4.(2019河北中考)Look at the picture.The top five TV plays _ in it.Alist Bare listedCwill list Dwil

16、l be listed(B)5.(2019揚州中考)What are you watching?The Story of China.This part _ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2019.Afilmed Bwas filmedChas filmed Dis filmed(D)6.(2019北京中考)A new international airport _ in the city next year.Acompletes Bis completedCwill complete Dwill be completed(D)7.(2019鹽城中考)A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.Abuilt Bwere builtCbuild Dwill be built(C)8.(2019長春中考)We Chinese _ by the touching documentary Amazing China.Aencourage BencouragesCare encouraged Dare encouraging(A)9.(2019玉林中考)What do you know about