(完整)初中英語語法-八種時態(tài)詳解與練習

1、初中英語語法 :八種時態(tài)詳解與練習一概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示， 這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。二種類：（基本時態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般將來時 過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去進行時過去完成時一般現(xiàn)在時一、概念： 經常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。二、常搭配的時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month,), once a week,on Sundays, etc.三、基本結構be 動詞（ is,am,are）；行為動詞 (主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時謂

2、語動詞要加s 或 es外 )否定形式： am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：把be 動詞放于句首；用助動詞do 提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does，同時，還原行為動詞。例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點去上學。Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primar

3、y school我.在小學就學過地球是圍繞太陽轉的。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。四、基本用法：1) 描述當前時間內經常出現(xiàn)、反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once aweek (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習慣性的、經常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline他.們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesn't often writ

4、e to her family, only once a month.她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。It seldom rains here 這.兒很少下雨。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了 "描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)"，其重點 " 不是強調動作發(fā)生的時間、或進行的狀態(tài) "。例如：He can speak five foreign languages他.能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。Changjian

5、g River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世界上最長河流之一。She majors in music 她.主修音樂。All my family love football . 我全家人都喜歡足球。（強調每個家人）My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。3) 陳述客觀事實、客觀真理。顧名思義，客觀的情況是"沒有時間概念 "的；也 " 不會在意動作進行的狀態(tài)"。例如：The earth goes around the sun地.

6、球繞著太陽轉。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。Light travels faster than sound 光.的速度比聲音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean美.國位于太平洋西岸。4) 根據英文語法規(guī)定，當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If you take the jo

7、b , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談談細節(jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時的副詞， 除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的詞以外，常見的還有： now,today , nowadays等等。練習題：用動詞的適當形式填空：1.Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )2.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.3.Mymother_(like) _(go) shopping.4.I can _(draw)manybeautifulpictures.5.Doeshe_(li

8、ke)_(jump) ?6.The students_(speak) English in class.7.The student_(speak) Chinese after class.8. Let's_and play football . ( go )9. He_ like swimming . ( not )10. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )用所給動詞的適當形式填空：1 I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London.2. He doesn&#

9、39;t feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning.3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something withgreat interest.4. Don't make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep).5. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) c

10、lothes.7. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday?8 The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun.單項選擇：1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow.A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain3. The picture _ nice.A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking4. She _

11、down and soon fell asleep.A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week. A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come7. Don't smoke until the plane _ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. enter

12、ed C. enter D. enters11. He told us _ at eight.A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. You'd better _ at home and _ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine.A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make15. Jim

13、 decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave4）改句子1. We have four lessons（.否定句）2.I have many books. （改為否定句）3.Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis（改為否定句）4.She lives in a small town near New York.（改為一般疑問句）5.I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句

14、）6.David has got a goal. （改為一般疑問句）7.We have four lessons（.否定句）8.Tom does his homework at home.否定句 : 一般疑問句 : 劃線提問9.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句 : 一般疑問句 : 劃線提問一般過去時一、概念： 過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, mont

15、h,), in 1989, just now, atthe age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.三、基本結構 ：be 動詞的過去式（ was/were）；行為動詞的過去式（即在動詞原形后加ed，不規(guī)則變化的動詞除外）否定形式： was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句： was 或 were 放于句首；用助動詞do 的過去式 did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。一般過去時用謂語動詞的過去式構成，即在動詞原形后加ed，不規(guī)則變化的特殊動詞除外。例句：He was here j

16、ust now. 他剛才還在這里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？We often played together when we were children.我們小時候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn他過去tnow經常.抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。四、基本用法主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。這一點在表達意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時相同，只是所在的時間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時的句子里常常有一個意義較具體的過去時間狀語

17、。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時的最大區(qū)別之一。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有： last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one weekago , tree years ago , 等等。 )使用一般過去時，在某種意義上說就是要強調動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個時候。 "過去 "的時間概念有兩層意思：

18、一是指"現(xiàn)在某個時間 " 以前的時間；二是指 "說話、寫文章的那個時間點 "以前的時間，在這個意義上，"現(xiàn)在的那個時間點 " 是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上個月拿到了駕照。-Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out.他剛剛出去。練習 :寫出下列動詞的過去式is/am_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ do/does_ worry_ eat_ dra

19、w_put _ throw_ pass_用 be 動詞的適當形式填空1. The little dog _ two years old this year.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Children'sDay. All the students _ very excited.句型變換：1 There was a car in front of

20、the house just now.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯定回答： _否定回答： _2 They played football in the playground.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯定回答： _否定回答： _用所給動詞的適當形式填空：1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.4. _ yo

21、u _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.6. Don't _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)7. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?8. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)9 We all _ (have) a good time last night.10.

22、She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)11. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)句型轉換：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、 He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱） .（變一般疑問句 )_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、 She stayed there for a wee

23、k（.對劃線部分提問）_ _ _ she _ there?4、 There was some orange in the cup（.變一般疑問句 )_ there _ orange in the cup?中譯英：1. 我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2 Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma 每天都看電視。可是昨天他沒有看。Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他們做什

24、么了？他們做作業(yè)和購物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _.一般將來時一、概念： 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。二、時間狀語： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year,),soon, in a few minutes, by,theday after tomorrow, 等。三、基本結構 am/is/are/going to + do； will/shall + do.否定形式： was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。一

25、般疑問句： be 放于句首； will/shall 提到句首。如： Telephone me this evening. I ll be at今晚home給我.打電話，我會在家。I ll (shall/will) do a better job next time.下次我要干得好些。The car won t start車.開不了啦。Oil and water will not mix.油和水沒法混在一起。四、基本用法：主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的“將來時間 ”是指 “說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1） shall / will + 動

26、詞原形這種表示方法是說，動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個時間內發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是 “純粹的將來動作 ”。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow . 我明天沒空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達這里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式這種表示方法主要是說明A ）“說話人的意圖、打算 ”；B） “某種可能性 ”。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。Who is going to sp

27、eak first? 誰先發(fā)言？B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集資料嗎？If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西蘭，你會喜歡上那個地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況：按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作，這個動作發(fā)生的時間一般不會很遠；要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffi

28、c in three days. 新橋三天后通車。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 這家工廠國慶節(jié)前投產。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你媽回來之前你不要出去。4) 用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時（限于某些動詞）表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。主要強調 “按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事

29、”。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.那架飛機上午十一點起飛。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周動身去紐約。五、表示將來的五種常用非時態(tài)方式1. “be+不定式 ”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務等。如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱麗葉。You are to make the necessary changes你.要做出必要的改變。2. “ beabout to + 不定式 ”：

30、表示即將發(fā)生的動作，有 “即將 ”的意思，但不能和具體的時間狀語連用。如：The package is about to come unwrapped那.個包快散開了。3. “be going 不+定式 ”：表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事， 或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：We are going to call her this evening. 我們打算今晚給她打電話。My sisters going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4. 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來：主要表示按規(guī)定或時間預計要發(fā)生的事。如：The students are leavi

31、ng on Sunday學.生們星期日出發(fā)。Were having a party next week.我們下星期將開一個晚會。5. 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來：表示按規(guī)定或時間預計要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow. 我們明天放假。The train leaves at 10:04 this evening.火車今晚 10:04 分開。練習一、單項選擇() 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to beC. is going to beD. will g

32、o to be() 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isn't workingB. doesn't workingC. isn't going to working D. won't work() 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be() 4. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will beB. Will there be

33、C. There can beD. There are() 5. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have() 6. He _ to us as soon as he gets there.A. writesB. has writtenC. will writeD. wrote() 7. He _ in three days.A. coming backB. came backC. will come backD. is going to coming back() 8. If it _ tomorr

34、ow, we'll go roller-skating.A. isn't rainB. won't rainC. doesn't rainD. doesn't fine() 9. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match.A. will watchingB. watchesC. is watchingD. are going to watch() 10. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. willB. isC. will beD. be()11. - Let

35、's go out to play football, shall we?- OK. I _.A. will comingB. be going to comeC. comeD. am coming() 12. It _ us a long time to learn English well.A. takesB. will takeC. spendsD. will spend) 13. The train _ at 11.A. going to arriveB. will be arriveC. is going toD. is arriving二、用動詞的適當形式填空1. I _（

36、 leave）in a minute. I _（ finish ）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give） her a present.3. -_ you _（be）here this Saturday?-No. I _（visit ） my teacher.4. -_ I _（ get） you a copy of today's newspaper? -Thank you.5. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting th

37、is afternoon. I can't join you.過去將來時一、概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。二、常搭配的時間狀語： the next day(morning, year,),the following month(week,),etc.三、 基本結構： was/were going to + do； would/should + do; was/were to was/were about to+do否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.一般疑問句： was 或

38、were 放于句首； would/should 提到句首。例句： I knew you would agree. 我知道你會同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。四、基本用法表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作。 但這個 "將來 "時間絕不會延伸到 “現(xiàn)在 ”；而僅限于 “過去時間區(qū)域內 ”。由此可以看出，含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示 “過去某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語，或是一個句子。這個時態(tài)常用于：A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習慣性的動作；C）表示過去情況中的 “愿望 ”、“傾向 ”，多用于否定句

39、。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當我考慮這件事時，我想知道他們的反應是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day她.告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會全在那兒。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.在

40、那段時間，他每天早鍛煉。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework無.論他什么時間有空 ,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。Even after t

41、he lecture ended, the audience would not leave 甚.至在講座結束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。練習：I. 選擇填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; comeB. was; would comeC. would be; cameD. will be; come2. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A. are going to growB. were going to growC. will growD.

42、have grown3. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is goingB. will goC. was about to go D.is to goII. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasn t sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. She said the bus _(

43、leave) at five the next morning.5. I wasn't sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning.6. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.現(xiàn)在進行時一、概念： 表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.三、基本結構：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（ V-ing)否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be

44、 動詞放于句首。例： Theyre having a meeting他.們在開會。I m studying at an evening school我.在上夜校。Youre always interrupting me!你老打斷我的話 !( 抱怨 )She s always helping people她.老是幫助別人。 (贊揚 )四、基本用法主要用來描述 “說話、寫文章的當刻 ”正在發(fā)生的動作，或是 “現(xiàn)階段 ”一直在進行的動作。適用于下面的情況：1） “說話、寫文章的當刻 ”正在發(fā)生的動作。例如： They are having a football match 他.們正在賽足球。 She

45、 is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學期論文。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你聽電話。2）“現(xiàn)階段 ”一直在進行的動作。這種情況并不是說某個動作在說話的那會兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個動作在當前一段時間內一直在進行著，或是重復地發(fā)生著。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學英語六級考試作準備。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。這時的動作并不是正

46、在發(fā)生或進行，而是表示經常性，相當于“一般現(xiàn)在時 ”所描述的情況。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學校學習挺不錯的。Are you feeling better today? （表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about（.表示不滿）我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。Some sellers are oft

47、en knocking at our door and promoting their products to us（.表示不喜歡）有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產品。4）表示在近期按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作 ,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動詞， 如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿，戴 ) 等。例如：I'm dinning out with my friends thi

48、s evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday下.周三我們放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？練習：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_write_ski_have_sing_see_buy_live_take_get_stop_sit_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the c