(完整)初中英語解題技巧

1、初中英語解題技巧一、聽力1. 瀏覽題目2. 勾劃題重點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵詞特別是一般疑問句的答語（是 am,is,are,do,does,did,have,has, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等， 一般疑問句用什么提問就用什么回答。）還有記?。篊ould you please do sth.? 表示委婉請(qǐng)求，回答要用：Yes,of course./Yes,withpleasure./ Yes,no problem/ Yes,I'm glad to. yes,certainly./ sure. / Ok / No,I can't. / Sorry,but.表示征求對(duì)方意見：what/how about. ？W

2、hy not do sth.?/why don t you do sth?Let s do sth!Shall we do sth?We should do sth.You d better (not)do sth.It s a good idea to do sth.答語： OK./ Good idea./ All right!/ Thatsounds good./ sorry, Im afraid not.course/Of not./I d love to, but常用特殊疑問句及回答(見下表 )3. 做好筆記，學(xué)會(huì)記下關(guān)鍵詞，比如時(shí)間，數(shù)字，年份等，因?yàn)楹芏鄷r(shí)候關(guān)于數(shù)字需要進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而

3、不是簡(jiǎn)單的答案4. 聽短文時(shí)， 特別注意題目的關(guān)鍵詞， 以及選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞， 帶著問題有目的地聽短文， 沒聽到的及時(shí)看下一題，等下一遍的時(shí)候再做之前沒做的。常用的特殊疑問句詢問內(nèi)容疑問詞或句型例句職業(yè)，身份whatWhat is your father? What does your father do?姓名或關(guān)系whoWho is that boy?相貌特征what like?What is she like?What does she look like?目的what for?What did they come here for?原因whyWhy did they come here?天氣

4、howHow is the weather today?what like?What is the weather like today?顏色what color ？What dolor is her skirt?服裝尺寸what sizeWhat size does he wear?幾點(diǎn)鐘what timeWhat time is it?星期幾what dayWhat day is today?幾號(hào)，日期what is the date?What is the date today?年齡（多大）how oldHow old is he?多久how longHow long have you

5、been here?長(zhǎng)度（多長(zhǎng)）How longHow long is the bridge?距離（多遠(yuǎn)）how farHow far is it from here to the zoo?頻度（多經(jīng)常）how oftenHow often do you come back?時(shí)間經(jīng)過（多快）how soonHow soon will she arrive?how many （可名）How many jackets do you have?數(shù)量（多少）how much （不可How much coffee do you want?名）價(jià)格how muchHow much is it?How mu

6、ch does it cost?how tall （人，樹） How tall is she?高度（多高）how high （山，建How high is the tower?筑）回答He is a doctor.He is Jack.He is my brotherShe is beautiful.To attend a meeting. Because they have a meeting to attend.It s fine.It s red.He wars 40.It s 7:30.It s Tuesday.It s May 2.He is 38.For five months.I

7、t s 500 metres.It s 6 kilometres.Once a week.In an week.Three.Two cups.Five dollars.She s 1.73 metres.It s 450 metres.二、單選1. 解題技巧1）閱讀審題首先默讀試題中的英語句子，了解空格在句中所處的位置，句子缺少什么成分，初步確定答案的選擇范圍，然后再結(jié)合備選選項(xiàng)就會(huì)大致明白考查什么。2）觀察分析這是一個(gè)快速而又嚴(yán)密的思維過程。要求將題中所提供的條件和備選項(xiàng)的情況結(jié)合起來去分析、推理， 排除那些明顯不符合題意，甚至本身就有錯(cuò)的備選項(xiàng)，再在剩下的備選項(xiàng)中比較分析。3）選擇判斷在分

8、析句子和備選項(xiàng)的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過反復(fù)驗(yàn)證，選出一個(gè)使句子語法正確、句意通順、 符合邏輯的答案。4）復(fù)查驗(yàn)證將所選答案放在句中空格處再默讀全句。敲一下，完全符合條件則可放心。首先看是否通順，再在語法、 意思和邏輯關(guān)系上推2. 方法清單1）直接判定法直接判定法就是運(yùn)用所學(xué)的英語知識(shí)，結(jié)合題目所提供的信息，從備選項(xiàng)中直接選出正確答案。There is _wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothing2）排除法如果通讀完題干，弄清題意后，感到四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)似是而非，舉棋不定，這時(shí)不妨采取“逐個(gè)排除”的方法。

9、將所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一一放到空白處去，經(jīng)過分析，將所有的干擾項(xiàng)篩選掉，剩下的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)即為正確答案。He does his homework much_than he did two years ago.A. careful B. more careful C. carefully D. more carefully 3）前后照應(yīng)法前后照應(yīng)法實(shí)際上是借助語境來解題的一種方法。此法要求答題前首先要弄清題干的意思，然后根據(jù)上下文之間的關(guān)系，捕捉暗示的信息，從而得出正確的答案。We have to finish the work now, _?A. don t we B. haven t we C. hav

10、e weD. do we4）邏輯推理法有些題目的選項(xiàng)， 從語法上看答案可能不止一個(gè)， 甚至全部都可入選， 但是有的句意不符合邏輯，通過邏輯推理才能將其排除。- can you play the guitar?- sorry. _ I can sing English songs.A. AndB. ButC. OrD. For5）比較法運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法和詞匯知識(shí)，仔細(xì)分析比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，非謂語形式及同義詞比較，最后選出正確答案。此法多用于解答那些較難的選擇填空題。- Have you ever climbed Mout Tai,Carol?- Yes, I_in Taian

11、 for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.A. had stayedB. stayC. stayedD. have stayed6）固定結(jié)構(gòu)判斷法考查固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法-you aren t a student, are you?-No, I_.A. amB. am notC. wasD. wasn t7）推算法有的選擇填空題涉及簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，所給的四個(gè)答案從語法上看都是對(duì)的，要選出這種題的正確答案需要進(jìn)行推算。Tom is seventeen. Jack is three older than Tom and two yea

12、rs younger than Todd. Todd is _.A. eighteenB. nineteenC. twenty -twoD. sixteen8）常識(shí)法It was very _when I spent my Christmas holiday in Sydney.A. coldB. hotC. coolD. warm9）關(guān)鍵詞法He hardly hurt himself in the accident,_?A. doesn t he B. didn t heC. did heD. does he10）情景交際法-Do you mind if I turn on the TV?

13、-_. My father is sleeping.A. Better not.B. Not at all.C. No, I don t mindD.That s all right.三、完形填空完形填空解題步驟1. 快速通讀全文，掌握短文大意。快速掌握文中的 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件 。認(rèn)真閱讀短文開頭的 第一、二句，及每段的第一句 ，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。 準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)和推斷短文的主要意義。2. 抓住結(jié)構(gòu)、語意及邏輯三條線索，推斷和預(yù)測(cè)選項(xiàng)。利用上下文的提示， 用學(xué)過的知識(shí)和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)， 掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上， 結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對(duì)空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推

14、理。 必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務(wù)必使所填的單詞準(zhǔn)確無誤。根據(jù)詞的意義和用法進(jìn)行選擇， 重復(fù)考慮語境。 上下文找線索， 上下文找提示。完形填空的文章都是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇， 它圍繞一個(gè)話題論述， 在行文中詞語重復(fù)、 替代等現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。 根據(jù)這個(gè)原則， 某個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。 所以，可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系確定答案。3. 要特別注意語法，如單詞的各種形式的變化，種類句型的結(jié)構(gòu)等。單詞的變化：a。名詞的選

15、擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致，以及名詞所有格。b。動(dòng)詞的選用，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，或時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動(dòng)詞形式等，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。c。選擇介詞，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動(dòng)詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d。選擇代詞，要注意性、數(shù)是否準(zhǔn)確。e。選擇連詞，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。也可從連詞的一些慣用法或固定搭配等入手，如not.until、 as.as、 not so.as或用 because 不用 so, 用 but 不用 though 等。f 。選擇形容詞和副詞，則須根據(jù)其所在句中的作用以及他前面的修飾語等來確定是什么詞性，

16、 是應(yīng)用比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)， 要注意詞義的區(qū)別， 還要注意詞形變化。G.若考查冠詞，則須依據(jù)短文空白后單詞的第一個(gè)音素來確定是用a/an, 根據(jù)空格后名詞是表示特指還是泛指來確定用不定冠詞 a/an 還是定冠詞 the, 或根據(jù)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法來確定。要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a。句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序?yàn)槎嘁?，其次是祈使句的零時(shí)態(tài)等。b。句子的類型有簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。中考考查要點(diǎn)是在復(fù)合句里的狀語從句、賓語從句和直接/ 間接引語，也考查簡(jiǎn)單的定語從句。另外還要注意固定詞組、習(xí)慣用語、固定句型的積累、同義詞的

17、辨析、生活常識(shí)的運(yùn)用以及中西方文化的差異。在選擇答案時(shí)，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法和例舉對(duì)比法。a。擇優(yōu)法是把各選項(xiàng)代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。b。排除法是在代入選項(xiàng)時(shí)如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)單詞意義不對(duì)，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯(cuò)誤， 或與上下文有矛盾， 則迅速排除不合適的選項(xiàng)， 剩下的就是正確答案。在完形填空的多項(xiàng)選擇中， 常常會(huì)遇到難以選擇的題目。 需要調(diào)動(dòng)頭腦里的知識(shí)“儲(chǔ)備”，例舉熟知的語言現(xiàn)象與之相比較，再做出明智的選擇。反復(fù)推敲，攻克難關(guān)。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實(shí)詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)， 虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實(shí)在

18、看不出要填哪個(gè)單詞的話，應(yīng)考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。4. 選項(xiàng)填完后，通讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查。驗(yàn)證答案，修正錯(cuò)誤，著重注意這幾點(diǎn)：（ 1）文章是否順暢；（ 2）所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；（ 3）所填單詞搭配是否有誤。解題技巧【技巧 1】前后照應(yīng)利用上下文信息，選擇或填寫正確的詞是完型填空解題時(shí)最常用的方法之一。在做四選一的完型填空時(shí)， 我們有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語法角度來講都可以說得通，遇到這種情況，我們應(yīng)細(xì)讀上下文， 正確答案會(huì)在上下文中得到提示。試看以下例題：【例 1】What do I remember about my childhood?There were good thingsand

19、 bad things.Weused to live_, and my parentsalways got up earlyin the morning to feed the cows and sheep.A. in a town B. on a farmC. on a busy street D. in a city【例 2】I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast mymother was cooking.What a wonderfulsmell!I used to _ ,wash quicklyand run

20、downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.A. leave the bedB.lie in bedC. jump out of bedD. get up【技巧 2】情感態(tài)度：較難題其中形容詞，副詞中分為三種情感：(1) 正情感： happy ，amazing 等(2) 零情感： fast ，slow ， surprising 等(3) 負(fù)情感： sad ，disappointed 等【例】 Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kepts

21、haking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. Heseemed unsure of himself,and was so pale thatit_ us to look at him.A. WorriedB. surprisedC. taught D. hurt【技巧 3】固定搭配【例 1】On the train, Tom was looking _1_ for his ticket becausethe conductor was coming _2_ to his ticket.1.A. outB.

22、 forwardC. anywhereD. everywhere2.A. downB. upC. inD. on 例 2 Whenever I m _, I still look back at that yearbook.A. awayB. outC. behindD. down【技巧 4】詞義辨析在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置四個(gè)詞性一致、 意義相近的詞是完型填空命題時(shí)常用的手段之一。在做此類題目時(shí)， 必須要在特定的語境中選擇最佳， 或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)。在做首字母完型填空時(shí)，尤其應(yīng)注意空格所缺單詞的詞性及詞組搭配?！纠?A Japanese manager once said he

23、 himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _what he means?A. thinkB. guessC. knowD. understand【技巧 5】中心主旨文章中最后一句通常為積極的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)?！纠?1】 I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make adifference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeffsteam

24、. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part ofhis_ . The factthatithas madea differencei n otherpeople s livesis the real prize. What a great feeling!A. luckB. spirit C. lifeD. success【例 2】I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my _ couldnt. Soevery June for the past 40 years,in

25、 growing thankfulnessto my Aunt Marion,I ve sent her a Father s Day card.A. teachersB. motherC. fatherD. friends【技巧 6】簡(jiǎn)單邏輯分為因果，并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，否定?！纠?1】For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn t and still dont think of herself. _ she is forced to come up to the front, my auntwill stand in the back in family

26、 photos, and she doesn t think that herefforts have made muchA. UnlessB. AlthoughC. Since D. Before【技巧 7】情景還原【例】 The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my_ . Iremember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.A. eyeB. faceC. heart D. mouth解題

27、思路1.跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意2.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案3.瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破4.復(fù)讀全文，逐空驗(yàn)證，彌補(bǔ)疏漏四、閱讀理解一、閱讀理解考查題型1.考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)：2.猜測(cè)生詞含義：3.推理判斷：4.歸納主旨大意：5.推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的：（一）事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)題對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找對(duì)原因、結(jié)果、事實(shí)的正確理解常用提問方式：1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when ， how many/much, how long) .?2. According to the passage, whic

28、h of the following statements is (not) true?通常是特殊疑問句或判斷句子正誤1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant.The ad tells us that_A. The assistant must be a man.B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.C. Pucci piz

29、za has branches all over China.事實(shí)理解題解題技巧：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般在 :1 文中有原句；2 找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比對(duì) ;3 找近義詞或同義句 ;4 進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算 ;在讀文章時(shí)把這些信息劃下來（二） 猜測(cè)詞義詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞、詞組或句子含義的題型。常見的提問方式有：1) The word . refers to _2) The underlined . probably means _1、根據(jù)定義、釋義常用的：be, be called, mean，that is(to say)，in other words，call, be considered to

30、 be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等詞匯或破折號(hào)或定語從句等來表示。Well, I ve relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. Thats the heart of the watermelon.“ the heart of the watermelon” refers to_. A. the best part of the wa

31、termelon.B. the writers busy lifeC. the writers decision of making money. D. the writers hope of enjoying life. 2、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷As they go around town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away.They know all the

32、 streets and roads well.Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.In the text, “put an end to” means _A. stopB. cutC. killD. Fly3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測(cè)表示因果關(guān)系的： because, as, since, for, so, as a result表示同義關(guān)系的： and, like, just asthe same as .表示反義關(guān)系的： but,however, though, although, yet, instead (of)There

33、is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “ steam” mean in Chinese? _A. 自來水B. 大氣C. 冰川D. 蒸汽1.I could see nothing because the light was so (faint.)2.Tom is very

34、 rude, but his brother is quite (polite.)3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as (pretty )as her.演練 1A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases .One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”Now when someone lets out a secret

35、, he“l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag”.Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means heA. makes everyone know a secret.B. the woman bout a cat.C. buys a cat in the bag.D. sells the cat in the bag.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York

36、City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can t have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.What does the underlined word “ stable” mean in Chinese? _A

37、. 幸福的B. 穩(wěn)定的C. 健康的（ 4）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞1) China is our motherland.2) Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.3) It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb. Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.a. Wealthy means having lots of money.b. Doctors believe that smoking

38、 is detrimental to your health.c. My mother -in-law, my husbands mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.d. You must stop dreaming and face reality.（ 5）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法

39、知識(shí)，這些問題便不難解決了。例如：前綴 un-表反義詞，如 happy、unhappy，fair 、unfair，important、unimportant 等。后綴 - ment 表名詞，如 develop、 development，state、 statement， argue、argument 等。后綴 -er、 -or 或 -ist 表同源名詞，如 calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter;science/ scientist; art/ artist等。（ 6）通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在文章中有

40、時(shí)作者為了避免重復(fù)， 或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類， 使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下， 我們就可以利用同義詞、 近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞語推測(cè)不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由 and 或 or 連接的同義詞詞組，如 happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí) gay 這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中所使用的同義詞。Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.（ 7）通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者為了說明

41、相反的兩件事或兩個(gè)人， 使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進(jìn)行對(duì)比，我們可以利用已知單詞推斷未知單詞的詞義。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however 等，二是看含 not 的習(xí)語或表示否定意義的詞語。（ 8）通過舉例來猜測(cè)詞義Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warmareas.（ 9）通過描述猜測(cè)詞義描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻， 更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。The penguin is a

42、 kind of seabird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.（ 10）根據(jù)單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測(cè)英語中有些單詞來自漢語， 與漢語發(fā)音有些相似， 另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時(shí)采用音譯，如： sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon（三）推理判斷考查邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？1. We can in

43、fer(推斷 ) from the story that_2. What s the passage mainly about?3. It can be inferred from the passage that4. According to the story, what would happen next?5. The first paragraph tells us that _6. What can we learn from the passage?1、事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。Secondly, a news story ha

44、s to be interesting and unusual. People don t want toread stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kinds of danger and seem to be“bad” news.According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _a. You often play football with your friends a

45、fter school.b. Your teacher has got a cold.c. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.d. The bike in front of your house is lost.When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excus

46、e me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this.What does the underlined word “ this” mean?_A. Dont cough or sneeze in front of peopleB. Dont stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.C. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train

47、.D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.總結(jié)：解題技巧：推斷題在文章無法直接找到答案， 須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時(shí)要特別注意代詞所指代的對(duì)象。閱讀理解題中難度最大且出現(xiàn)頻率很高的是推理判斷題，近幾年的中考每年都保持在 2、3題左右。這種題要求考生根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的暗示，抓住內(nèi)含語義，用邏輯思維的方法加以整理， 然后做出合理的判斷。 推理的方法大致可分為： 簡(jiǎn)單推理和復(fù)雜推理。1、簡(jiǎn)單推理：所謂簡(jiǎn)單推理就是以表面文字為前提

48、，以具體事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實(shí)，即可結(jié)合常識(shí)推斷出合理的結(jié)論。2、復(fù)雜推理：復(fù)雜推理不但要以文字為依據(jù)，而且還要以文章的語境、內(nèi)涵為前提。這是一種間接而復(fù)雜的邏輯推理方式。 考生要推斷出文章沒有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。下面是幾種復(fù)雜的推理方法：(1)推測(cè)作者的寫作目的和意圖，此類的設(shè)題形式有：The purpose in writing this text is to .The author writes this passage to .The author in this passage intends to .推測(cè)作者

49、的寫作目的 ,必須要先了解文章的主題 ,然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。(2)推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，此類設(shè)題形式有:It can be inferred from the passage that .What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?From the passage we can conclude that .這類問題問的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部觀點(diǎn)， 可能只是文章中的某一觀點(diǎn)。但要推測(cè)出文中的某一觀點(diǎn)， 仍離不開對(duì)全文主要觀點(diǎn)或中心思想的把握。(3)推斷文章的出處，設(shè)題形式有:The passage is m

50、ost likely to be taken from .Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of .這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱;廣告：因其格式和語言特殊，容易辨認(rèn);產(chǎn)品說明： 器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式， 而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。(4)推斷短文中人物性格，設(shè)題形式有:What do we know about somebody in the text?What kind of m

51、an somebody is?Somebody can be said to be .做這類題時(shí)一定要注意： 準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思， 切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn) ;特別注意表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的詞語。(5)借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：有些推斷題要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度進(jìn)行分析，才能推斷出正確答案。因此，閱讀時(shí)不僅要注重詞、句的理解，而且還要分析語篇的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。（四）歸納主旨大意 :主要包括主題思想、寫作意圖、文章的題目等常見的提問方式有：(1） What is the main idea of the passage?(2) The first paragraph tells us that _(3

52、) Which of the following expresses the main idea?(4) The passage is mainly about _(5) The best title for the story is _(6) Which of the following is the best title? Can you find the topic sentence?1. All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.So