高二英語Unit5名詞性從句知識(shí)精講

1、高二英語Unit5名詞性從句知識(shí)精講定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句（Noun Clauses ）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，主語:His job is importantWhat he does is important.表語：This is his job.This is what he does every day.My idea is that we should help her do housework everyday.名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任：主語、賓語（介詞賓語）、表語、同位語，因此，根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，可分為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

2、注意：1.從句一律保持陳述語序。2.名詞性從句可以表示：事實(shí)和問一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接連詞：that, whether, if , as if ,because （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，且 that也沒有任何意義）連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞： when, where, how, why二、名詞性從句的注意事況1、what與that 的區(qū)別:that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，表示說的、做的、想的等內(nèi)容， 可做從句的主語、賓

3、語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。Eg. That he stole a bike was true.他偷了一部自行車是真的The important thing is what you do , but not what you say .重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么Practice:1 .what he wants is a book.2 . That he wants to go there is obvious.3 .The result is that we won the game.4 .This is what we want to know.8

4、. I have no idea what he did that afternoon.2. that不可省略的情況:a.主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句b.用it做形式賓語的賓語從句c.并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略3、whether和if的區(qū)別是：（在下列情況下，whether不能被if取代）a.主語從句b.表語從句Unit4c.同位語從句e.介詞后的賓語從句只能用“ whethr”，（一般可以互換）f. whether to do做動(dòng)詞賓語不能用if to do. （whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能）g .whether or not連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)

5、不用if.名詞性從句作：一、主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分，1 .通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前 *Eg. 1）. That he will succeed is certain .2） Whether he will go there is not known .3） What he said is not true .4） Where he hid the money is to be found out .5） Whoever comes is welcome.2 .也可以由形式主語it來代替，而將主語從句放在句末。*(1)That you didn ' t go to see th

6、e film is a pity.-It is a pity that you didn ' t go to see the film.3 2) Which football team will win the match is hard to say.-It is hard to say which football team will win the match.用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a. It + be + 形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvi

7、ous that 彳艮明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that-從句It is believed that 人們相信It is known to all that 從所周知It has been decided th at 已決定c. It + be + 名詞 + that- 從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是d. It + 不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句It appears that彳以乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to

8、 me that 我突然想起“if ”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“ whether”引導(dǎo)。 主語從句的 “that ” 一般不能省?！皐hat”引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞：1常與其后的名詞作表語一致2 ）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。1. What you left are only several old books.2. What you said is of great importance.3. What he says and does doesn' t concern me.4. What he says and does don' t agree.二、賓語從句：*從句在句中充當(dāng)賓

9、語成分（可以作謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓 語）連詞：that, whether , if （ that常可省略）who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how（1）主語+謂語+賓語從句*I heard （that） he joined the army.（由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that可以省略）He asked how much I paid for the violin.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She did not know what

10、 had hppened.I have no idea when he will be back.I have no idea who can finish the work.I have no idea which pen is mine.（2）主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（賓語從句）*she told me that her mother would accecpt my invitation.Please tell me who was the first to invent the TV set.（3）作介詞賓語*He depends on what I offer.I '

11、m interested in how he got there.(4) 作某些形容詞的賓語(sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased , afraid,worried sorry , surprised 等)*I ' m sure (that) she will like this book.I ' m afraid (that) I ' ve made a mistake.We are glad (that)so many old friends will attend our tea party.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：*若主句 的謂 語動(dòng) 詞為

12、 think, consider, suppose, believe,expect,guess,imagine等其后賓語從句若含否定意義，一般把否定詞移到這些詞上。Eg. I don ' t think this dress fits you well.注意：*1、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用所需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，但當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的內(nèi)容為客觀真理時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher told his class that light travels faster tha

13、n sound. *1 .The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow. (be)2 .The headmaster hopes everything goes well. (go)3 .Tom says that they were playing (play) basketball at six o' clock yesterday evening.4.I hear they have retured (return) it already.5.He said that they had been members of the Party si

14、nce 1948. (be)表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后(be,look, seem, feel,remain and so on作用：對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。*(1)The question is whether we can rely on him.(2) That s because we were in need of money at that time .(3)He looked as if he was going to cry .(4) That s why I was late .注意： that 不可省，不能用 if ，只能用whether,as if

15、 /as though/because 用于表語從句1. That s _ the Party called on us to do.A. why B. what C. how D. that2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. Whether四、同位語從句：對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般跟在一些抽象名詞之后，( idea,belief, fact, truth, problem, news, question 等) ， 一般由 “ that 或連

16、接副詞when / where/why / how / whether 引導(dǎo) .(1)I got the news that the sports meeting was put off.(2)The suggestion that Chinese students should begiven more free timeis welcomed by many people.(3)The question how to tell him the truth is difficult.2. 同位語的位置：同位語有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。He got the news

17、 from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：1 同位語從句 that 只起連接作用，不作任何成分定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充當(dāng)賓語和主語2同位語從句一一同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明定語從句一一定從和前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾，加以限定3同位語從句that不能省定語從句that在從句中作賓語時(shí)，可以省2 .made the school proud was more than 90%of the students had beenadmitted to key universities .A What / because B What / that C