如何提高高一新生英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平

1、對(duì)癥下藥，加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng) 淺談如何消滅學(xué)生的基本寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤浙江龍泉一中 張 芬摘要：寫(xiě)作是高考的重頭戲，每位老師都不辭辛勞常年在批改學(xué)生習(xí)作，但學(xué)生卻照樣呈現(xiàn)大量的中文式句子，說(shuō)明光靠寫(xiě)和批是不夠的，要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)講解和長(zhǎng)期點(diǎn)滴抓起。關(guān)鍵字：病癥、講解、營(yíng)養(yǎng)一 發(fā)現(xiàn)“病癥” 新課標(biāo)指出：語(yǔ)言技能包括聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四個(gè)方面的技能以及這四個(gè)技能的綜合運(yùn)用能力。這四種技能在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)和交際中相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)，所以寫(xiě)作是其中一種重要技能，但筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)高一新生寫(xiě)作水平普遍不理想，基本語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤還普遍存在，更別在文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、行文的邏輯、句子的變化等方面作要求了。所以，作為高中英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)該從高一就對(duì)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)、幫助、

2、訓(xùn)練。為了達(dá)到“治病救人”的目的，首先要訂正他們的基本語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，通過(guò)多年批改學(xué)生習(xí)作發(fā)現(xiàn)下列基本語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤普遍存在：“病癥”1.缺乏主語(yǔ)例如：1、In different country_ has different habits.2、 English often report sth related to art,_ can also develop our writing skill.“病癥”2.缺乏謂語(yǔ)例如：1、we can_ in beautiful house from now on.2、 If _no this accident, our life_ more comfortable

3、.3、It _not only very delicious, but also .4、Our life cant_ without food“病癥”3.謂語(yǔ)堆積（一個(gè)分句不能有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)堆積而無(wú)連詞）例如：1、I am speak English.2、 They came to my bedroom asked me what was the matter.3、 We eat nutritious food fight disease.4、 However ，there are a number of books are old.5、 They have a lot of fat is har

4、mful to our health.“病癥”4.詞性亂用例如：1、I will back you the money.2、 It is difficulty to do .3、 They can make our nutrition balance.4、They will get beautiful but lose healthy.5、So we must choice proper methods.“病癥”5.語(yǔ)態(tài)紊亂例如：1、The newspaper which write in English is very popular.2、Fast food bring in from Am

5、erican.“病癥”6.時(shí)態(tài)不清例如：1、I prefer not to go to Beijing because I had been there several times.2、I am speaking when he came in.“病癥”7.復(fù)合句使用不正確 1主句不全例如：Ice cream which has a lot of fat and sugar. 2. 從句不全例如：He got up early so that could catch up the bus. 3. 從句未用陳述句式 例如：I dont know which kind of English do

6、I speak.“病癥”8.并列句不用連詞 例如：This was the first time that I have been to the city, I was nervous and uncertain.二、 對(duì)癥下藥針對(duì)上面病癥進(jìn)行適當(dāng)講解對(duì)于沒(méi)有母語(yǔ)環(huán)境的中國(guó)學(xué)生掌握一定的句法知識(shí)可以起到幫助作用。針對(duì)“病癥”1、2筆者用通俗易懂的方法講解如下：句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) 是什么 （謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞） 干什么 （謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或叫行為動(dòng)詞）注意：Im speaking中的am為助動(dòng)詞，而不是系動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)句子仍屬于主語(yǔ)+干什么的句子。學(xué)生知道了這個(gè)知識(shí)，在寫(xiě)句子時(shí)就可先寫(xiě)出框架，

7、再變化謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：我讓學(xué)生翻譯“我已經(jīng)完成了我的家庭作業(yè)”。學(xué)生可先構(gòu)成框架：I finish my homework.然后再變化謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為：I have finished my homework.并且學(xué)生可發(fā)現(xiàn)“病癥”1、2中的句子錯(cuò)誤并自行訂正如下：In different country people have different habits.English often report sth related to art, and it can also develop our writing skill.we can live in beautiful house f

8、rom now on.If we had no this accident, our life will be more comfortable.It is not only very delicious, but also .Our life cant go on without food .針對(duì)病癥3筆者講解如下：一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就構(gòu)成一個(gè)分句，簡(jiǎn)單句就只有一個(gè)分句。含有多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句或復(fù)合句。然后筆者讓他們判斷以下句子：Britain,American and Australian are English-speaking country.(簡(jiǎn)單句；兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)可以共一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)

9、)They get coal out of the ground, change it into electricity, and send it hundreds of kilometres away.（簡(jiǎn)單句；兩個(gè)或更多的謂語(yǔ)可以共一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）Finally Hank and his friends gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch with each other.( 簡(jiǎn)單句； 可以有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ))It was a fine day and they had brought a picnic lun

10、ch with them.(兩個(gè)分句用并列連詞連接是并列句)It is the very book that I have been looking for.(兩個(gè)分句為主從關(guān)系是復(fù)合句)再向他們說(shuō)明一個(gè)分句中不能有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞堆積而無(wú)并列連詞。學(xué)生可以訂正病癥3中的句子如下：I am speak English.（這是主語(yǔ)+干什么的句子，而不是主語(yǔ)+是什么的句子，去掉am或改成I am speaking English.）They came to my bedroom asked me what was the matter.(改成and asked或to ask)We eat n

11、utritious food fight disease.(改成to fright)However ，there are a number of books are old.(把a(bǔ)re old 放到從句中作謂語(yǔ)：there are a number of books which are old.)They have a lot of fat is harmful to our health.(同上，改成：They have a lot of fat which is harmful to our health.針對(duì)病癥4、5、6重在平時(shí)點(diǎn)滴鞏固，而不專(zhuān)門(mén)在作文課中講解針對(duì)病癥7筆者講解如下：主

12、句和從句都是完整的句子并且一切從句用陳述句式。學(xué)生補(bǔ)充病癥7中的句子如下：Ice cream which has a lot of fat and sugar is harmful to us. He got up early so that he could catch up the bus. I dont know which kind of English do I speak.(去掉do)三、加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)1、重視文本，水到渠成只有有了良好的輸入，才能有良好的輸出。我們要加大語(yǔ)言的輸入數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，正如古人所說(shuō)：“問(wèn)渠那得清如許，為有源頭活水來(lái)”。 學(xué)生輸入的主要閱讀材料是課文、主要輸入渠道在

13、課堂，所以扎扎實(shí)實(shí)抓好課文輸入才是根本。但遺憾的是，我們有時(shí)只是匆忙處理文章，沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)思維加工的閱讀在學(xué)生頭腦里沒(méi)什么印象，離開(kāi)課文語(yǔ)境學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)料和文章結(jié)構(gòu)也只是浮光掠影，不能在寫(xiě)作中加以運(yùn)用，這樣的閱讀教學(xué)自然對(duì)寫(xiě)作沒(méi)有什么意義，不能達(dá)成閱讀教學(xué)的以下目標(biāo)：reading for language and reading for structure .學(xué)生輸入的主要閱讀材料是課文，所以扎扎實(shí)實(shí)抓好課文輸入才是根本。首先，要做好讀后的復(fù)述(retelling)。復(fù)述是基本復(fù)現(xiàn)文本內(nèi)容的一種方法，可以幫助學(xué)生熟悉課文，經(jīng)過(guò)抓關(guān)鍵詞，抓主要的信息點(diǎn)，學(xué)生能大致呈現(xiàn)文本內(nèi)容，讓基本詞匯、句型和文本的

14、構(gòu)思在復(fù)述中不斷內(nèi)化，形成良好的語(yǔ)料儲(chǔ)備，以及英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感和信息組織能力。其次，寫(xiě)摘要(summary writing)也很有用。其實(shí)我們不一定都進(jìn)行命題寫(xiě)作，可經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生寫(xiě)課文摘要，促進(jìn)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步去細(xì)讀課文，同時(shí)促進(jìn)他們?nèi)ニ伎寄男┦顷P(guān)鍵句、哪些是概括性的句子、文章結(jié)構(gòu)如何等，這又是一次熟悉文本和梳理篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)程，肯定有利于寫(xiě)作時(shí)的謀篇布局。再者，盡量用英語(yǔ)解釋原文句子(explaining)。通過(guò)用英語(yǔ)解釋可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的語(yǔ)感，正如新課標(biāo)所要求的，我們要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)思維和表達(dá)的能力。我們的寫(xiě)作不正是檢測(cè)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)思維和表達(dá)的能力嗎？學(xué)生如果通過(guò)文本學(xué)習(xí)獲得了良好的語(yǔ)感自然不會(huì)犯上述錯(cuò)誤。2

15、、 詞塊教學(xué)，運(yùn)用積累重視課文中的詞塊學(xué)習(xí)(lexical phrase)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生習(xí)作中中文式表達(dá)總消滅不完，其中一個(gè)原因是他們沒(méi)有記憶詞塊的習(xí)慣，他們老是孤立地記憶單詞。我們要在課文學(xué)習(xí)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生以詞塊記憶詞匯的習(xí)慣，哪怕是簡(jiǎn)單的短語(yǔ)也更有利于學(xué)生理解和記憶詞匯 ，如：a worthwhile job和a worthwhile trip就會(huì)幫助學(xué)生更好地理解和記憶worthwhile。所以在課文學(xué)習(xí)中要關(guān)注詞塊，本人每單元教學(xué)后都幫助學(xué)生列出重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)、詞組、句型，然后讓他們?cè)趯?xiě)作中加以運(yùn)用。學(xué)生受益匪淺：一是詞塊作為最小化的語(yǔ)境，讓學(xué)生掌握了詞的用法，在寫(xiě)作中能有效避免漢式英語(yǔ)，大大地

16、提高了語(yǔ)言的精確度和流暢程度；二是幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)模仿運(yùn)用積累了豐富的語(yǔ)料。三是掃清了學(xué)生不知從何下筆的心理障礙，讓他們有章法可依，提高了他們的寫(xiě)作信心和學(xué)以致用的樂(lè)趣。例如：在學(xué)完必修5，unit2后，我學(xué)生列出了以下重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)、詞組、句型：consist of/ divideinto./ be used to do/ clarify this question/ be linked to/ refer to/ find Wales included(find sth. done)/ be joined to/ accomplish ones purpose(aim)/ as well /get

17、Ireland connected(get sth. done)/ in a peaceful way/ be willing(unwilling) to do sth./ break away from/ join with/ to ones credit/ for convenience/be known as/ introduce new words for food/keep your eyes open/ make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile /make a list of/ delight sb. with/ on special occa

18、sions / in memory of/ set the world time/ have photos taken/be thrilled by sth/on show/ leave.for/ fall asleep.3、支架引路，模仿建構(gòu) 學(xué)生往往在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上不能排除母語(yǔ)的干擾，我們可以提供就某話題的一些有用句式幫助他們建構(gòu)句子。在學(xué)完必修5，unit2后，我學(xué)生列出了以下句型：It is convenient for sb. to do sth./ Its a pity that./ You have to go to older but smaller towns built by

19、the R omans. (用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))/ The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.(學(xué)用with結(jié)構(gòu))/ Im delighted to do / Im delighted that. / Its a delight to do. / my first delight is to do(doing)/It seems that / It seems as if./sb.(sth.) seems

20、(to be) +n/adj/ sb.(sth.) seems to do. 學(xué)生習(xí)作如下： Wanted: Traveling partnerThe summer holiday is approaching. I can make a plan for my holiday in advance. I suggest that I should take advantage of this opportunity.It seems to me that taking a trip to English is very interesting. So I want to find a traveling partner. Above all, let me introduce myself. Im a 18-year-old girl. And my name is Sheila. Im very shy. Its a delight to take a trip with you. I plan to leave our country for England next week. As for London, my first delight is going to the Tower. Also W