中考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)及其解題方法

1、 中考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)及其解題方法【考點(diǎn)掃描】書(shū)面表達(dá)是每年中考必考題型，是考查學(xué)生交際能力的一個(gè)重要組成部分。書(shū)面表達(dá)通常有三種形式：1、書(shū)信、日記、通知、留言、假條；2、看圖作文；3、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示作文。 無(wú)論是那一種書(shū)面表達(dá)形式，考生所寫(xiě)的短文都要緊扣主題、文理通順，要素完整，語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確、得當(dāng)、格式正確、無(wú)大、小寫(xiě)和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確，能達(dá)到交際目的?！窘忸}方法】一. 訓(xùn)練方法1. 記。認(rèn)真系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)和背誦基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和優(yōu)美的句子、句型。中國(guó)有句古話，叫“熟讀唐詩(shī)三百首，不會(huì)吟詩(shī)也會(huì)作”。同樣，要使自己具有較強(qiáng)的寫(xiě)作能力，首先應(yīng)該熟讀和背誦一些句型和短文。許多同學(xué)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言根本不符合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)

2、慣，相當(dāng)一部分人有對(duì)照中文逐字翻譯的不良習(xí)慣，不去理會(huì)中英文的差異。大量的背誦和閱讀是提高寫(xiě)作能力的有效辦法，同學(xué)們?nèi)粲写罅康默F(xiàn)成語(yǔ)言積累在腦海里，自己寫(xiě)起文段來(lái)，就可以做到脫口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至發(fā)揮。2. 練。每練一篇書(shū)面表達(dá)題，都要真正學(xué)到一點(diǎn)東西，不可貪多而邊學(xué)邊忘。平時(shí)可以采用循序漸進(jìn)、靈活多樣的練習(xí)方式。從根據(jù)提示詞寫(xiě)單句開(kāi)始，到寫(xiě)單句，然后到寫(xiě)幾句話，最后到寫(xiě)流利的文段。盡量嘗試多種形式的寫(xiě)作，如短信、說(shuō)明、通知、便條、明信片、看圖寫(xiě)作、根據(jù)表格或記錄寫(xiě)短文等。3. 寫(xiě)。要進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)寫(xiě)作。要求自己在20分鐘內(nèi)寫(xiě)出100個(gè)詞的短文，并且質(zhì)量高、內(nèi)容全、形式正確。這樣形成習(xí)慣，考

3、試時(shí)就能得心應(yīng)手。 二. 應(yīng)試策略1. 審題目：要切中題意。中考考試說(shuō)明指出，書(shū)面表達(dá)要切中題意。怎樣才能切中題意？就是要認(rèn)真審題，看到考題后，先不要急于動(dòng)筆，要仔細(xì)看清題目要求的內(nèi)容。在自己的頭腦中構(gòu)思出一個(gè)框架或畫(huà)面，確定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下筆，看懂題意，根據(jù)圖畫(huà)、圖表、提綱或短文提供的資料和信息來(lái)審題。審題要審格式、體裁、人物關(guān)系、故事情節(jié)、主體時(shí)態(tài)、活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。2. 圈要點(diǎn)：防止遺漏要點(diǎn)。要點(diǎn)是給分的一個(gè)重要因素。為了防止寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中遺漏要點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要充分發(fā)揮自己的觀察力，把情景中給出的各個(gè)要點(diǎn)逐條列出。3. 列提綱：為寫(xiě)作做好準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)文章要點(diǎn)短文的中心思想將主要句型、關(guān)鍵

4、詞記下，形成提綱。 4. 定基調(diào)：定出時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、順序、開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾。5. 寫(xiě)全文：寫(xiě)短文時(shí)要做到以下六個(gè)方面：(1)避免使用漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)，盡量使用自己熟悉的句型。幾種句型可交替使用，以避免重復(fù)和呆板。(2)多用簡(jiǎn)單句型，記事、寫(xiě)人一般都不需要復(fù)雜的句型。可適當(dāng)多使用陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。不用或少用非謂語(yǔ)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等較復(fù)雜的句型。(3)注意語(yǔ)法、句法知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。1）語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。 2）主謂語(yǔ)要一致，主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)要和謂語(yǔ)一致。3）注意人稱代詞的賓格形式。 4）注意冠詞用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能寫(xiě)成a。5）注意拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和

5、大小寫(xiě)，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。(4)描寫(xiě)人物時(shí)，要生動(dòng)具體，例如：1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服飾顏色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）內(nèi)心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描寫(xiě)：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smi

6、le, shout 等。5）動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。(5)上下文要連貫。上下文的連貫性也是評(píng)分的一條原則，因此同學(xué)們應(yīng)把寫(xiě)好的句子，根據(jù)故事情節(jié)，事情發(fā)生的先后次序（時(shí)間或空間），使用一些表示并列、遞進(jìn)等過(guò)渡詞進(jìn)行加工整理，使文章連貫、自然、流暢。同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意下面過(guò)渡的用法：1）表示并列關(guān)系的：and, as well as, or 2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but, yet, however 3）表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that 4）表示因果關(guān)系的：so,

7、therefore ,as a result 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that 6）表示列舉的：for example , such as 7）表示總結(jié)性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking (6)不會(huì)表達(dá)，另辟蹊徑。中考作文給分是以要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確度而定，不以文采打分。造句越簡(jiǎn)單準(zhǔn)確越好，造復(fù)合句容易出錯(cuò)，容易被扣分，閱卷場(chǎng)上有句話：“錯(cuò)誤面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到個(gè)別要點(diǎn)表達(dá)不出來(lái)或難以表達(dá)，可采用變通的辦法，化難為易，化繁為簡(jiǎn)?？傊炀?/p>

8、子要正確、得體、符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。(6)改病句：認(rèn)真檢查，改正錯(cuò)誤。中考作文時(shí)，由于時(shí)間緊、內(nèi)容多，同學(xué)們出錯(cuò)在所難免。因此，改錯(cuò)這一環(huán)節(jié)必不可少。中考作文評(píng)卷是根據(jù)要點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性來(lái)給分，根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤多少來(lái)扣分。因此，中考時(shí)花幾分鐘時(shí)間用來(lái)檢查錯(cuò)誤顯得尤為重要。檢查錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：1）格式是否有錯(cuò)。 2）拼寫(xiě)有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。 3）語(yǔ)言是否用錯(cuò)。4）時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 5）標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。 6）人稱是否用錯(cuò)。三. 注意事項(xiàng)書(shū)面表達(dá)要特別注意書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，卷面整潔。每年閱卷老師在十來(lái)天的時(shí)間里要看十幾萬(wàn)考生的作文，工作量之大，時(shí)間之緊，可想而知。書(shū)寫(xiě)是否工整，卷面是否整潔與得分高低直接有關(guān)。

9、【中考范例】VII. 書(shū)面表達(dá)（共1題，計(jì)10分）假如你叫張強(qiáng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面美國(guó)朋友Bob的來(lái)信內(nèi)容，結(jié)合你自己的情況寫(xiě)一篇語(yǔ)言連慣、符合邏輯的英文回信。要求：1. 認(rèn)真閱讀來(lái)信的內(nèi)容，從中獲得你需要的信息。2. 詞數(shù)：80左右?；匦诺拈_(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。注意：回信中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)地址和所在學(xué)校的名稱。Dear friend,Hello！Im your new friend. My name is Bob. Im fifteen. Im American. I live in New York.I am a middle school student. Im good at ma

10、ths. It is very interesting. My favourite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together.After school, I am interested in getting on-line. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now Im learni

11、ng Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.Please write to me and tell me something about your life. Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,BobDear Bob,_ Yours, Zhang Qiang【解析】根據(jù)前面提到第六個(gè)步驟，我們來(lái)寫(xiě)一下這篇書(shū)面表達(dá)。1.審題目：通過(guò)審題目我們可以知道：本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)應(yīng)是寫(xiě)一封回信，寫(xiě)信人是張強(qiáng)，收信人是Bob，信的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是介紹張強(qiáng)自己的情況。2. 圈要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)來(lái)信判斷，寫(xiě)回信必須包

12、括以下要點(diǎn)：1、收到對(duì)方的來(lái)信；2、愿意和對(duì)方交朋友；3、自己的姓名、年齡和住址；4、自己的身份、特長(zhǎng)和愛(ài)好； 5、自己的希望。3、列提綱：1. got your letter 2. glad to be your friend 3. name, zhang Qiang, fifteen, live in Shaanxi 4. a middle school student, like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5. hope well meet in China 4、定基調(diào)：1. 時(shí)態(tài)：收到來(lái)信用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，介紹情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，希望用一般

13、將來(lái)時(shí)。2. 人稱用第一人稱。3.可按提綱的順序來(lái)寫(xiě)。4. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾題目已經(jīng)給出。5、寫(xiě)全文：Dear Bob, I got your letter yesterday. Im very glad to be your pen friend. My name is Zhang Qiang. Im fifteen years old, too. I live in Shaanxi. Im a middle school student, too. I like English and physics very much. I also like sports, but Im good at d

14、rawing. I know a little about America. Could you tell me something more about your country in your next letter?I hope well meet in China some day. Im sure well have a good time together.Please write (to) me soon.Yours,Zhang Qiang6、改病句：認(rèn)真復(fù)查一邊，如有錯(cuò)誤，加以改正?！緷M分演練】 （1）華山是中國(guó)名山之一。假設(shè)外國(guó)友人到你校參觀后，準(zhǔn)備去旅游。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)向外

15、國(guó)友人簡(jiǎn)單介紹華山（the Hua Mountain）1位于陜西東部，是中國(guó)著名的旅游勝地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游觀光。2乘汽車(chē)去大約要花1個(gè)小時(shí)；也可以乘火車(chē)去。3登山便可領(lǐng)略其云海（the sea of clouds）、奇松（wondrous pines）、怪石（unique rocks）等秀麗的風(fēng)景及清晨美麗的日出。注意： 1字?jǐn)?shù)：80詞左右。 2請(qǐng)不要逐字翻譯。（2）根據(jù)提示和要求完成下面短文假如你（Li Lei）在去年夏令營(yíng)認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)朋友Jim從英國(guó)給你寄來(lái)一件禮物 一件紅色的襯衫，并附有一封信。在信中他向你問(wèn)好，他想知道你近來(lái)在忙些什么。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封回信（100個(gè)詞左右）表示

16、感謝?；匦乓ㄒ韵聝?nèi)容：1. 向Jim問(wèn)好并對(duì)他表示感謝。2. 禮物是你最喜歡的顏色，尺寸很合適，你非常喜歡。3. 告訴Jim你近來(lái)很好，上周剛過(guò)完生日，生日聚會(huì)很熱鬧。詢問(wèn)Jim的近況，并表示希望他能來(lái)中國(guó)。注意1. 信的格式已經(jīng)給出。 2. 信中不得使用真實(shí)的人名、地名。（3）根據(jù)中文意思和英文提示詞語(yǔ)，寫(xiě)出意思連貫、符合邏輯的英文文段。所給英文提示詞語(yǔ)必須都用上，中文提示內(nèi)容不必逐句翻譯，每組英文提示所寫(xiě)出的句數(shù)不限。今天是6月23日星期日，天氣晴朗。你和你的同學(xué)張宏參觀了西安市動(dòng)物園。那里的動(dòng)物十分有趣，人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)。當(dāng)你看到有位游客在向猴子投喂食物時(shí)，就上前阻止并說(shuō)請(qǐng)你用英文寫(xiě)一篇日記

17、，記述今天的經(jīng)歷。（請(qǐng)注意日記格式）1fine day, sun, bright 2visit, Beijing Zoo 3animal, so interesting, people, love 4see, visitor, throwto, stop, say （4）根據(jù)中文設(shè)置的情景、英文提示詞語(yǔ)以及表格所提供的信息，寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)法正確、意思連貫、符合邏輯的英文文段。注意1. 字?jǐn)?shù)6080。 2. 所給的英文提示詞語(yǔ)及表格所提供的信息必須都用上。（可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮）3. 發(fā)言稿的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出。假設(shè)你是張斌，今年暑假你將參加學(xué)校組織的赴加拿大“綠色之旅”夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你準(zhǔn)備一篇在開(kāi)營(yíng)式上的自我介紹

18、發(fā)言稿。name, Zhang Bin, fifteen years old, live in Xian, favorite subject, biologyInterest Free Time Activities Future Job Hope drawing go camping,draw pictures of plants,enjoy the singing of birds in nature biologist,grow up good friends,do ones best,make the earth Dear friendsIm very glad to introduc

19、e myself to you._（5）根據(jù)中文提示和英文提示詞語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。 今年暑假，有一批美國(guó)中學(xué)生要來(lái)你們學(xué)校訪問(wèn)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)西安的簡(jiǎn)介，以便和他們交流。 注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100左右； 2.必須使用所給英文提示。Capital of Shaanxi, Lie in the Northwest, many places of interest, autumn, best season（6）看圖寫(xiě)話。 根據(jù)以上四幅圖和提示詞語(yǔ)，寫(xiě)出一篇語(yǔ)法正確、意思連貫、語(yǔ)句通順、符合邏輯的短文，開(kāi)頭已給出。要求：1. 敘述要用第三人稱。2. 詞數(shù)6080個(gè)左右。3. 要表達(dá)自己的看法或想法。4. 選用

20、下列詞語(yǔ)：rush hour, cross, make sure, come over, traffic rules Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.（7）請(qǐng)你參考圖文提示，寫(xiě)一篇6080詞的短文。注意：1. 語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)意完整，內(nèi)容豐富。2. 表達(dá)符合圖意，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范。3. 給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。4. 文章的開(kāi)頭已給出。參考詞：pollute, turn off the tap(水龍頭)，dry, save(節(jié)約 vt.), water resources(水資源)From the pictures we know that _（8）請(qǐng)根

21、據(jù)下面四幅圖，寫(xiě)一篇70個(gè)單詞左右的短文。文章開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出，不算入總詞匯數(shù)內(nèi)。參考詞匯： on fire 著火firefighter n.消防員put out 滅火Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire! Help! Fire! Help!.”_（9）看圖寫(xiě)話。要求：1. 根據(jù)圖畫(huà)所提供的語(yǔ)境，寫(xiě)出意思連貫、語(yǔ)言流暢、語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確、符合邏輯的短文。 2. 至少使用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，70詞以上。TAKING CARE OF TREESOne day Lin Tao and Mei Mei were playing in the garden.（10）根據(jù)所給圖畫(huà)用英語(yǔ)

22、寫(xiě)一篇約80詞的短文。(11)假如你所在的學(xué)校要出一期英語(yǔ)壁報(bào)。你準(zhǔn)備就自己經(jīng)歷的一件事寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文向壁報(bào)投稿。下面五幅圖記錄了你上個(gè)星期六與老師和同學(xué)到南河邊參加植樹(shù)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。請(qǐng)你就以下五幅圖寫(xiě)一篇英文短文。注意：1. 短文內(nèi)容要包括所有圖畫(huà)中的主要內(nèi)容2. 詞數(shù)：70903. 生詞提示： 桶bucket鋤頭hoe（12）請(qǐng)按照下面6幅圖和表格的提示，寫(xiě)一篇題為“Changes in Our Hometown”的英語(yǔ)短文。 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：過(guò)去 現(xiàn)在舊房 高樓河水污濁 河水清澈步行、騎自行車(chē) 乘公交車(chē)、小汽車(chē)Changes in Our HometownOver the past ten y

23、ears, great changes have taken place in our hometown. In the past,_【參考范文】(1) The Hua Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China. It lies in the east of Shaanxi.  Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there. Its not far from here. It takes you about one hour to ge

24、t there by bus. You can also go there by train. When you are at the top of the mountain, youll find clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks around you. In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful. Its really a nice place to visit. (2) 36 Zhonghua streetXian, ChinaJune21st,

25、2004Dear Jim：How are you? Many thanks for the shirt! Im very happy to hear from you again. I love the shirt very much, Jim, and red is my favorite color! You remembered! Its just my size. Every time I wear it, I will think of you.Im fine here in China. Last week I had a birthday party. Many of my cl

26、assmates came and my mother made us a lot of good food. We really had a wonderful time together. How are you doing in England, Jim? I miss you very much. I always miss the days we were together last summer. I hope you can come to China someday.Please write back soon.Your friend,Li Lei (3)Sunday June

27、 23rdIt was a fine day today and the sun was bright. I visited Xian Zoo with my classmate, Zhang Hong. The animals there were so interesting that all the people loved them. When I saw a visitor throwing food to the monkeys, I went/ran to stop him/her and said, “Animals are our friends and we must ta

28、ke good care of them.”(4)Dear friends, Im very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Zhang Bin. Im fifteen years old. I live in Beijing. One of my favorite subjects is biology. Im interested in drawing. In my free time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of

29、 birds in nature. I want to be a biologist when I grow up.I feel lucky to join you. I hope we can be good friends and do our best to make   Thats all. Thank you for listening. (5) Xian is the capital of Shanxi with a long history. There are many places of interest, such as the Dayan P

30、agoda, the Xiaoyan Pagoda, the Bell Tower and the Terra Cotta Warriors. Since it lies in the Northwest of China, the winter here is long and it sometimes snows. Autumn is the best season in Xian, for its neither too cold nor too hot. One of the most famous traditional foods is “Yangroupao”. (6)Last

31、Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning. It was the rush hour. He rode his bike to school very fast. He was crossing the street when a car came at that moment. Tims bike hit the car and he fell to the ground heavily. The driver was very kind and stopped to make sure that Tim was all right. Then a

32、policeman came over. He told Tim to ride more slowly next time and it was dangerous. Tim thanked him and went to school. All of the young men should obey the traffic rules.(7) From the pictures we know that much water has been polluted. Some factories are pouring waste water into rivers and lakes. T

33、he water becomes dirty and lots of fish have died. Many people often waste water. For example, they often forget to turn off the taps. If we dont have enough water, land will be dry and crops will die. We cant live without water. So we should try our best and encourage everyone to protect water reso

34、urces. We must save water and stop polluting it. If we do that, Things will be much better. (8) Jack was woken up by the shouting “Fire! Help! Fire! Help!.” What had happened? He looked out of the window. Wow! He found that his neighbours house was on fire. Jack jumped off the bed and rushed to the

35、telephone. He made a call to the police. Then, he ran out and helped his neighbour (to) fight against the fire. Soon the fire fighters came and in a short time the fire was put out. And the house owner and fire fighters thanked Jack and his neighbours a lot. (9) TAKING CARE OF TREESOne day Lin Tao a

36、nd Mei Mei were playing in the garden. They found that a young tree there was dying. They thought they must save the young tree. Then they put a rope around the tree and watered it. Some days later the tree came back to life again. Their mother saw this and praised them, “You are good children!” (10) Yesterday afternoon Li Ping and I were going to school. On the way we saw an old woman crossing the street. Suddenly a car passed by very fast. The old woman was frightened and fell down to the ground. The apples in her basket were all out on the street. Immediately, we ran to the old woman,