語(yǔ)言學(xué)_Chapter 2_Phonetics

1、Puzzling Question!Interesting Question!Serious question!All Questions Are WelcomeAmazing Question! PHONETICS PHONOLOGY語(yǔ)音SpeechSound語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)Sound system語(yǔ)音學(xué)語(yǔ)音學(xué)語(yǔ)音的發(fā)生、傳遞、感知不涉及到意義基本單位：音素 phone（或者可以區(qū)別可以區(qū)別意義意義、或者不可區(qū)別意義）音位學(xué)音位學(xué)有區(qū)別意義的語(yǔ)音的組合規(guī)律涉及到意義基本單位：音位 phoneme 音段單位：音位 組合規(guī)律：如順序原則等 超音段音位學(xué)To grasp the nature to und

2、erstand the definition. Why do we need to know Phonetics? 3 branchesThree Branches of Phonetics聲帶 3stop bilabial voiceless stop bilabial voicedfricative alveolar voicelessfricative voiced alveolar 2.2.4 Vowels: Articulation & ClassificationAre only consonants distinguished as voiced or voiceless

3、?Of course not!All languages have both voiceless and voiced sounds contrasting in their phonological systems. Try to pronounce English vowels, they are _. Pronounce b, g and p, k. Can you find any difference? OpennessOfMouthPositionOf TongueShapeOf Lip front close unrounded long back close rounded s

4、hort 4Length參考參考p20-21舌面元音舌位變化示意圖高元音半高元音半低元音低元音后元音前元音央元音中元音English vowels What about auai2.2.5 The Transcription of Sounds A phonetic transcription is an economical means for capturing sounds on paper. The best-known system, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), has been developing since 1888.

5、This system of transcription attempts to represent each sound of human speech with a single symbol. There are two kinds of transcription: Narrow and broad transcription Example More examples The transcription in which only the phonemes are represented.Phoneme: a sound which is capable of Distinguish

6、ing one word or one shape Of a word from another in a given language. The transcription that shows the allophonic difference is an allophonic transcription.Allophones: the different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not makeOne word different from anotherin meaning.語(yǔ)音SpeechSound語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)Sound system語(yǔ)音學(xué)語(yǔ)音學(xué)語(yǔ)音的發(fā)生