高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：必修120間接引語(yǔ)

1、高中英語(yǔ)講義二十、間接引語(yǔ)1概述1 .引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說(shuō)的話(huà)時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話(huà)，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)（directspeech）, 一般直接引語(yǔ)前后要加引號(hào)。如：Mr.Black said, "I'm busy.”布菜克先生說(shuō)："我很忙"。（直接引語(yǔ)）2 .用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)，叫間接引語(yǔ)（indirect speech）, 一般間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)，而用 賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。Mr.Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說(shuō)他很忙。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）3 .從上例看來(lái)，直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除將直接引語(yǔ)改為賓語(yǔ)從句之外，還須對(duì)

2、直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化， 如上例直接引語(yǔ)中的 I 改成了 he， am 則改成了 was。現(xiàn)將由直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題分述如下：2當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞 that 引導(dǎo)（ that 在口語(yǔ)中常省去） ， that從句之前用say、 tell 等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。人稱(chēng)的變化 直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱(chēng)（如： I ， me,my ， mine,we,us,our,ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱(chēng)。如： He said,“ I like i

3、t very much. ”他說(shuō)： “我非常喜歡它” 。f He said that he liked it very much.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡它。（I 改為 he, it 不變） 把直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱(chēng)（you,your,yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(yǔ)（即聽(tīng)話(huà)人，如無(wú)話(huà)人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱(chēng)）相一致的人稱(chēng)。He said,"You told me this story. ”他說(shuō)： “你給我講過(guò)這個(gè)故事。 ”f He said that I had told him that story.他說(shuō)我給他講過(guò)那個(gè)故事。（You改為I, me改為him ,told 改為 h

4、ad told） 直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱(chēng)（he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them） 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)不變。He said to me, “She's left her book in your room ” .他對(duì)我說(shuō)： “她把書(shū)放在你的房間里去了。f He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對(duì)我說(shuō)她把書(shū)放在我的房間里（She's-she had,her 不變,yourfmy）時(shí)態(tài)的變化 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 直

5、接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化如下：He said,"I usually watch TV on Sunday. ”他說(shuō)： “我常在星期天看電視” 。f He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說(shuō)他常在星期天看電視。He said,“ I'm using the knife. ”他說(shuō)： “我正在用小刀。 ”f He said that he was using the knife.他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。She said“, I have not heard

6、from him since May. ” 她說(shuō)： “自從五月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。 ” fShe said that she had not heard from him since May.她說(shuō)自五月以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。He said,“ I came to help you. ”他說(shuō)： “我來(lái)幫助你。 ”f He said that he had come to help me.他說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。He said,“ I had finished my homework before supper. ”他說(shuō)： “晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。 ”f He said that he had fi

7、nished his homework before supper.他說(shuō)晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。Zhou Lan said, “ Ill do it after class. ”周蘭說(shuō)： “下課后我就去做。 ” fZhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說(shuō)下課后她就去做。He said,“ I shall be doing my homework then. ”他說(shuō)： “那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。 ”f He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說(shuō)那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。He said,

8、“ We shall have finished the work by that time. ”他說(shuō)： “我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。 ” f He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說(shuō)他們將在那時(shí)前完成工作。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “ The earth is round. ”老師說(shuō)： “地球是圓的。 ”fThe teacher said that the earth is round.老師說(shuō)

9、地球是圓的。He said,"I was born in Shangdong in 1965. ”他說(shuō)： “我 1965 年生于山東。 ”f He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.他說(shuō)他 1965 年生于山東。He said,“ Columbus discovered America in 1492. ”他說(shuō)： “哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。 ”f He said Columbus discovered America in1492.他說(shuō)哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)

10、在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says, “ I finished the work. ”他說(shuō)： “我做完工作了。 ”f He says that he finished the work.他說(shuō)他做完工作了。He will say,"I have watered the flowers. ”他會(huì)說(shuō)： “我己經(jīng)澆花了。 ”f He will say he has watered the flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化見(jiàn)下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/theEeWat/those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentod

11、aythat dayt oni ghtthat nigMthis week(iiLonth.)that week (montlx)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month.)the week (month. ) beforetwo we已ks (month)agotwo veeks(lonths)beforetomorrowthe next daynest vr&ek (ji6nth.)the next week 飆4日th) .地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞conegobrin岑takeHe said,"I met Mr.Smith th

12、is morning."他說(shuō)“我今天早晨見(jiàn)到史密斯了?！币籋e said that he had met Mr.Smith that morning.他說(shuō)他那天早晨見(jiàn)到史密斯了。He said, "We went to the cinema yesterday."他說(shuō)："我們昨天去電影院了?！眆 He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.他說(shuō)前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lily said, "I will come back next month.“莉莉說(shuō)："我下個(gè)月回來(lái)?！币籐i

13、ly said that she would go back the next month.莉莉說(shuō)她下一個(gè)月就回去。He said, " It is nine o'clock now."他說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了?！耙籋e said that it was nine o'clock then.他說(shuō)那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了。He said,"I haven't seen her today."他說(shuō)："今天我沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她?！币?He said that he hadn't seen her that day他說(shuō)那天他沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她。She sai

14、d, " I went there yesterday."她說(shuō)：“昨天我去了那兒。”fShe said that she had gone there the day.before她說(shuō)前一天她去了那兒。She said, " Ill go there tomorrow."她說(shuō)：“明天我將去那兒?！眆She said that she would go there the next day.她說(shuō)第二天她將去那兒。He said,"My sister was here three days ago."他說(shuō)："三天前我妹妹在這兒。

15、”f He said that his sister had been there three days before.他說(shuō)三天前他妹妹在刃BJL。(here-there; ago-before)She said, " I will come here this evening."她說(shuō)：“今晚我將來(lái)這兒。”fShe said that she would go there that evening.她說(shuō)刃B晚她斗哥去刃BJL。(come-go; here-there;this-that)以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，

16、here就不必改為there,come也不必改為 go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。直接引語(yǔ)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，間接引語(yǔ)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。Father said, “I am free this afternoon" 父親說(shuō)： "我今天下午有空。 “f Father said that he was free this afternoon.父親說(shuō)他今天下午有空。He said,"I am going there tomorrow. ”他說(shuō)“我明天去那里。 ”f He said that

17、 he was going there tomorrow.他說(shuō)他明天去那里。巧記：去掉引號(hào)加that,人稱(chēng)變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語(yǔ)變化按規(guī)定。3當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如為疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)， 須將疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序改為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。其人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if(或whether)替引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)和狀語(yǔ)要變化，千萬(wàn)別把它忘掉。1 .直接引語(yǔ)是一般問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用連接詞 whether 或 if 將其引出，使其成為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said,則將其改為asked。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ) me,him

18、, her, them,us 等。She said,“ Is your father an engineer? ”她說(shuō)： “你父親是工程師嗎？”fShe asked me whether my father was anengineer.她問(wèn)我說(shuō)我父親是否是工程 JM。The teacher said to Li Ming, “ Have you finished your homework? ”老師對(duì)李明說(shuō)： “你做完作業(yè)了嗎？”fThe teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問(wèn)李明是否已做完作業(yè)了。2 .直

19、接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞 what,where ，when,who,how many 作為連接詞將其引出， 構(gòu)成間接引語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句， 但須將疑問(wèn)式的動(dòng)詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 said ，則將其改為asked。巧記：直接去引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘掉。助動(dòng)do(does)、did,要去掉。“ What do you do every Sunday morning? ” my friend said to me. 我的朋友問(wèn)我說(shuō)，每星期天上午你做什么？f My friend asked me what I did every Sun

20、day morning.我的朋友問(wèn)我每星期天上午我做什么?！癢here have you been,Li Ming?"the teacher asked. 老師問(wèn)道： “你上哪里去了，李明？”fThe teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.老師問(wèn)李明曾去過(guò)哪兒。I asked her, “ How many English books will you read next term? ”我問(wèn)她說(shuō)： “下學(xué)期你將讀多少本英語(yǔ)書(shū)？”f I asked her how many English books she would read the ne

21、xt term.我問(wèn)她下學(xué)期將讀多少本英文書(shū)?！?When did you get up this morning?"asked my father. 我父親問(wèn)道： “今天早晨你什么時(shí)候起床的？”f My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父親問(wèn)我那天早晨我是什么時(shí)候起床的。注意：直接引語(yǔ)里是： What's wrong with?/What's the matter?/What's the trouble?/What hashappened?售特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。He said to her"What's the matter with you? ”他問(wèn)她“你怎么了？”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他問(wèn)她怎么了。4當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)巧記：去掉引號(hào)要加 to; ask, order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在