英語(yǔ)句子成分

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.了解并掌握基本句子成分.2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力。展示點(diǎn)撥（一）定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（ ）We

2、 often speak English in class.（ ）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）Smoking does harm to the health.（ ）The rich should help the poor.（ ）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ）It is necessary to master a foreign

3、language（ ）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, loo

4、k, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）Is it yours?（ ）The weather has turned cold.（ ）The speech is exciting.（ ）Three times seven is twenty one?（ ）His job is to teach English.（ ）His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.（ ）The machine mu

5、st be out of order.（ ）Time is up. The class is over.（ ）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（ ）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（ ）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（ ）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ）They

6、 helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）He pretended not to see me.（ ）I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（ ）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一

7、個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming.（ ）They painted their boat white.（ ）Let the fresh air in.（ ）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（ ）We saw her entering the room.（ ）We found everything in the lab in good orde

8、r.（ ）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（ ）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）Our monit

9、or is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ight travels most quickly.（ ）He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）He is proud to ha

10、ve passed the national college entrance examinatio（ ）He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）牛刀小試：一、劃分句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. Th

11、ey went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)1.I am sorry to have kept you _. 

12、60;     A.  wait     B. to wait      C. waiting     D. waited 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road.      A. run           B. ran     &#

13、160;      C. to run          D. running3. Rose is going to have her hair _.     A. do   B. done    C. did    D. doing 4. She felt somebody _her.    A. touched      B. tou

14、ches   C. touch   D. to touch5. She taught him _speak English.     A. how   B. how could he    C. how he could   D. how to 6.He didnt enjoy the play because he _.      A. was boring  B. bored   &

15、#160;C. was bored   D. boring 7.I will make your dream _.         A. comes true  B. to come true    C. coming truly     D. come true8.He warned _home .   A. us to not go    B. us not to go&#

16、160;   C. we not go    D. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _.    A. bed easily       B. badly easy    C. bad easy  D. badly easily10.The sad news kept her _all the night.      A. awake   B. waken

17、 C. wake     D. to wake 拓展提高 高考鏈接1.I think _a bad habit to get up late .        A. that    B. it    C. this  D. its 2.He found his money _.        A. steal    B. stealing  C.

18、stolen     D. to steal 3.Roses in bloom smell _.       A. sweetly      B. sweet    C. sweeten   D. sweetness4.We must have the machine _.       A. to repair    B. repairing

19、60;     C. repair    D. repaired 5.She was lying in the sofa _a book.    A. reading    B. read    C. to read     D. to reading 6.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day.     A. inform  &

20、#160;       B. to inform            C. informed         D. informing7.The speaker found himself _all alone.    A. left     B. leave  C. leaving  D. to leave8.The speaker found himself _.&#