初中英語_現(xiàn)在完成時用法及綜合練習(xí)(完整)

1、初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時用法及綜合練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時的才成:助動詞have （has） +過去分詞，1 .表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我®J洗過衣月艮。（洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是衣服干凈了 ”）三、現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語包括“nowtoday, tonight, this week, thisyear;already, yet, just, recently 。etc ”而如：I have had a dog now.我現(xiàn)在有一個小狗了We have lear

2、ned about 3000English words by the end of this term. 到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了 3000個英語單詞。I haven ' t heared from him recently.近我沒收至U他的信 .。注意1）當(dāng)表示一段時間，現(xiàn)在完成時可以用for或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：I ' ve known Li Li for 4 years我認(rèn)識麗麗已經(jīng) 4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago.自從 8 年前我就在這工注意2）當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句 時，要

3、把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film.1 haven ' t seen the film yet.He has just come. He hasn ' t come yet?already （"已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never （從不”用于中間處）ever （"曾經(jīng)”用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just （剛剛”用于中間處）yet （巴經(jīng)”用于疑問句的末尾處/還”用于否定句的末尾處）或不加任何的時間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用.三、現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過

4、去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響， 用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義1 .以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志already, just和yet表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet. 他還沒有回來。2以ever和never為標(biāo)志ever和never表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾

5、經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。3以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志若某一動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次，則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時。He says he has been to the USA three times.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。4以so far為標(biāo)志so far往往表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。5.Since和for為標(biāo)志Mr. Smith has wor

6、ked here since 1984. 1984 年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。He' s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個英語單詞。We have known each other for twenty years.我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。I haven ' t seen hera 10ng time. 我好久沒有見到她了?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時

7、間在過去。試比較：The plane has arrived .飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示 “我 “現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）四、使用時注意事項1. “have/ has go”t 形式上是一種完成時，但和 have/ has 為同一意思

8、“有”。例如： Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎？是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hans t.他有許多工作要做嗎？不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和 have/has been infi勺區(qū)另限 have/ has gone to去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來 have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用He has been to Shenyan

9、g before他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten yearsftfl 在沈陽 10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang碘去沈陽了嗎？3. have/ has been t嘴和 once, twice, never, eve連用；have/ has gone toKU不可。例如：一Has Tom ever been to Paris揚姆去過巴黎嗎？一Yes, he ' s been there several times. 他去過好幾次了。Where have they gone他們?nèi)ツ睦锪??一They ' ve

10、 gone to Shenyang們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?非延續(xù)性動詞（或稱作終止性動詞）不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時+ 表示一段時間的狀語” 的句型中。這類動詞有： come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的終止性動詞。be in buy have know know get up f be up leave, move be awaygo out f be out borrowkeepopen be openjoin be a member of例如： arrive, come

11、be here, begin, start be on ； get to die f be deadfall asleep be asleepbe out offinish, end be overjoin f be in finish/end be over close be closed練習(xí)：I.用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1. “you(have) lunch ?" Yes.”“ When you(have) it? "I (have) it at12:00. ”2. “you(write) a letter to your aunt yet?“ Yes, I. I(w

12、rite) one last week.3. “he(finish) his homework?” Not yet." “4. "they ever(be) abroad? " Yes, ju st once.'5. Your father just(finish) his work.6. Your father(finish) his work just now.7. Last term I(learn) many English words.8. They(not read) the interesting books yet.9. He never(

13、go) to the science museum.10. you ever(drink) coke?11. “you(buy) a dictionary? “ Yes, I ".“ Where you(buy) it? " I ”(buy)it in a bookstore. ”“ When you(buy) it? ” Yesterday. ”Since和for 的用法表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for, since, howlong, so far, these days 等。Since+過去點的時間，for+一段時間(數(shù)詞+量詞)，此劃線

14、部分用how long 提問。一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。如:Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。He' s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了 五千個英語單詞。、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。 如:We have known each other for twenty years.我們認(rèn)識有二十年了I haven ' t s

15、een hera 10ng time. 我好久沒有見到她了。練習(xí)：用since和for填空1)two years month4)1999o' clock7)4 hourswere children10)lunch time2)two years ago5)yesterday8)an hour ago11)she left here3)6)9)lastwe1. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.2. I ' ve known him we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Ja

16、panese three years.4. She has been away from the city about ten years.5. It ' s about ten years she left the city.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.fbe in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for2) I move

17、d to the USA last year.I the USA since 3) I went home yesterday.I home for .4) They came here last week.They here since . come/go back, returnf be back come/go out f be out1) He came out two years ago.He for .2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since . become f be1) I became a teacher in 2

18、000.I a teacher for .2) The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for . close f be closed open f be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.get up f be up die f be deadleave sw. f be away from sw.fall asleep /get tot sl

19、eep f be asleepfinish/end f be ovemarry f be married1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I since 6) They married in

20、1990.They since . start/begin to do sth. f do sth. begin f be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago. The film for .put on® borrow f keeplose f not have buy f havefwearcatch/get a cold f have a cold get to know f know1) They borrow

21、ed it last week.They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .3) I got to know him last year.I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I my glasses for have/has gone to f have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyfbe a le

22、ague/a Party member/a soldierfbe a member of the league/the Partyf be in the league/the Party/the army1 ) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for twoyears.He the league for two years.2 ) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for My brother in fortwo years.3 .漢譯英1

23、）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國三年了。3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10 年。7）我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。8）這會已開了多長時間了？9)這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10)我入團(tuán)2年了。I two years ago.I a for two years.I a of for two years.I the for two years.11)自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識。12)我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。4 .劃線提問1) I have been there for two days.you?2) My father has li

24、ved here since 2000.your father?3) He left here yesterday.he?4) They bought a book two hours ago. they a book?have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in表示在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配:hav

25、e been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave been here (there) / abroad、have(has)been to表示 曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever,never 等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office.我剛才去郵局了Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?have(has) been to后面可接次數(shù)，

26、表示去過某地幾次。例如:I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了三、have(has) gone to意為 到某地去了"，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例女: Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜至U倫敦去了。練

27、習(xí)：I.用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won ' t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How m

28、any times Li Fei to that place?B: He there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John England since he came back.4) How long have this village?5) The Smiths Beijing for years.6) you ever America? - Yes, I there m

29、any times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) Whenhe ? He an hour ago.10) Would you like to the zoo with me?-Yes, but I therebefore.11) Where you now? - I the zoo.12) He often swimming.13) you there last year?14) they often skating in winter?綜合練習(xí) :1. 用 never, ever,

30、 already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has finished his homework an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film? “ No,” I have seen it.5. “ Has the bus left ?“ Ye” s, it has left.II.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：I.She ' s(li

31、ve) here ever since she was ten.1. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.2. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there?6. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No I just(have) someorange.8. We

32、already(return) the book.9. they(build) a new school in the village?10. I(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father(read) the novel twice.12. I(buy) a book just now.13. I(lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father(read) this book since yesterday.III .句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has already gone home.He ho

33、me.(否定句)he home?(疑問句)2. He has lunch at home.He lunch at home. (否定句)he lunch at home?(疑問句)3. He has been there twice.he been there?(戈U線提問)4. I have lunch at school.you lunch. (劃線提問)專項練習(xí)、單選1 You have a tall young man.D grown upD hadD kept onD have keptD goD was inA grownB grown intoC grown us2 He has

34、 the watch for a year.A buyB boughtC have3 Has your brother the dog?A kept inB fedC fed on4 I this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowedB have borrowed C kept5 Have you ever to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.A goneB beenC went6 Her brother the Party since 1978.A joinedB has

35、 joinedC has been in7 The Greens many places of interest since they came to China.D visitD forgottenD has openD hunted forD have plantedA will visit B visitedC have visited8 I'm sorry, I your name.A had forgotten B forgotC have forgotten9 The bookshop for eight years.A has been open B has been o

36、pened Chas opened10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.A used upB made ofC filled with11 The flower I grown up.A planted hasB planted have C has planted二、填空1 Have you ever (take) a train?2 It (be ) more than three years since Jim (leave)here.3 Have you (make)friends with your new classmate

37、s yet?4 I (have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda, he?6 We (be) good friends since we met at school.7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he(go) home.8 He (read) the book before.9 Mr. Green (teach) us a lot about social studies since September.10 I never(meet) her

38、 sister before.現(xiàn)在完成時小測 （一） 一,單項選擇 .11 Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what's happened to him .A.knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2,He has been to Shanghai, has he?A. already B. never C. ever D. still 3,Have you met Mr. Li ?A. just B. ago C.before D.a moment ago 4,The famous writ

39、er one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5, Our country a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even .A. has changed ; well B. changed; good C. has changed ; bette D. changed; better 6,Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .A. was; studying B. will

40、; study C. has; studied D. are; studying 7,We Xiao Li since she was a little girlA. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8,Harry Potter is a very nice film. Iit twice .A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see9, These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When there?A. will they go B. did t

41、hey go C. do they go D. have they gone 10, you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish11, His father the Party since 1978 .A.joinedB. has joined C. was in D. has been in12, Do you know him well ? Sure .W

42、e friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13, How long have you here ? About two months.A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 14,Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15, It ten years since he left the army .A.is B. has

43、C. will D. Was16, Miss Green isn't in the office. she to the library.A. has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 17,My parents Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 18,The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don't they C. have they

44、D. haven't they19, has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20, His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university現(xiàn)在完成時小測 （二）1. Kate s

45、 never seen Chinese， fil_m_s_ ?A. hasn t she B. has she C. isn t sheD. is she2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai.-So her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?youyour homework yet?A. Do ； finish B. Are ； finishing C. Did ； finish D. Have； finished4. -you anywhere bef

46、ore?-Yes, but I can t remember where IA. Did ； surf ； surfed B. Have； surfed； surfed C. Did ； surf ； have surfed D. Have； surfed； have surfed5. His brother has been to Stone Forest twicehe came tounYnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for6. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D.