(完整版)since從句的用法

1、從動(dòng)作since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí) 就非常努力。We have been missing them since they left here 自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想 念他們。這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。二、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是 “從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起” 。如：I haven t heard a

2、ny noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， sleep 的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)， 即 “醒來(lái) ” 時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為 “我醒后還未聽到任何聲音” 。三、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：I haven t heard from him since he has lived there這里 has lived 表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從： “開始居住 ”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解 為 “自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來(lái)信”。至于It is +一段時(shí)間+

3、since的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since意思相同。前者 是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語(yǔ)說法。應(yīng)注意的是， 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中， since 引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示否定意 義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了：It is a long time since he didnt study English.It s two months since you didnt come to see me.正確的說法為：It s a long time since he studied English他好久沒學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。You haven t come to see me for two mont

4、hs. 你有兩個(gè)月沒來(lái)看我了。since 的用法1) since + 過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) ( 如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、 1980, last month, half past six) 。I have been here since 1989.2) since + 一段時(shí)間 + agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since + 從句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4) It

5、 is + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.since的用法主要有兩點(diǎn)：一是表示自從以來(lái)”，二是表示 既然”之意。但如果只了解詞的含義，而不了解其用法，在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如： I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.不少人會(huì)望文生義，將該句譯為： “自從我住在上海以來(lái)，就再也沒有收到他的信了。 ”而 實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的譯文并非如此，那么正確的含義是什么呢？since 作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。一、若 since 引導(dǎo)的

6、狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是 “從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 就非常努力。自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想We have been missing them since they left here 念他們。這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。二、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是 “從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起” 。如：I haven t heard any noise

7、since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， sleep 的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)， 即 “醒來(lái) ” 時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為 “我醒后還未聽到任何聲音” 。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher 約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。本文開始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為 “自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。 ”這種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看：How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開

8、（沒住在）上海多久了？It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)（不當(dāng)團(tuán)員）半個(gè)月了。It s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。比較： He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來(lái)，他屢次給 我寫信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）自從我生病以來(lái)，他就屢次給我寫He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為終止性動(dòng)詞）三、若

9、 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：I haven t heard from him since he has lived there這里 has lived 表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從： “開始居住 ”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解 為 “自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來(lái)信”。Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year 。自從我們自己有了汽 車，我們每年都去野營(yíng)。試比較： 1. Since Ive b

10、een at this school, we have had three headmasters. 自從我到這所學(xué)校，我們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters. 自從我離開這所學(xué)校， 他們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來(lái)，他從未來(lái)看 過我。He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來(lái)，他從未來(lái)看過我。由此可見， since 引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語(yǔ)法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。至于It is + 一段時(shí)間+since的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語(yǔ)說法。應(yīng)注意的是， 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中， since 引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯(cuò)了：It is a long time since he didnt st