完形填空特點及解題技巧

1、 完形填空特點及解題技巧完形填空題是一種集知識和能力為一體，立意新、要求高的綜合性語言測試題。它是一種高難度的障礙性閱讀題，此題旨在測試學生的綜合應用語言能力，同時又檢測他們的分析判斷能力和連貫性思維能力。 （一）完形填空題的題型特點1. 首句完整 “完形填空” 所選短文一般無標題，但首句通常不設空，目的是讓考生迅速進入主題，熟悉語言環(huán)境，建立正確的思維導向。2. 語境選擇 近幾年的高考完形填空題主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過語境來作出選擇。 “語境能力型” 試題具有相當難度，因為完形填空所給的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷

2、惑作用。做完形填空題，需要我們立足語篇環(huán)境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。(1) Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan. (2) Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch. (3) Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.(4) Japan

3、is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people. (5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work. 選擇項：A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains3. 動名為主 完形填空所給的選項一般是同一詞類，或屬同一范疇。測試點往往集中于某些詞類。高考完形填空題考查動詞（58個）、名詞（46個）、然后是形容詞

4、，副詞等。而介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞則相對考得較少。這是因為現(xiàn)在的完形填空主要考察語境，而在通常情況下只有實詞才能較好地體現(xiàn)語境。4. 難處暗示 難選之處前后多有暗示。這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的填空從當時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要我們繼續(xù)往下讀，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在后面的某個地方有暗示。5. 選材適中 近幾年來的高考完型填空題材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或具有一定哲理和教育意義，夾敘夾議，以敘為主的議論文。詞數(shù)在200-300之間。設空距離為10個詞左右。短文內容結構嚴謹，邏輯性強，層次分明。材料難度與高三教材相當，所選短文的英語語言符合高三學生的實際

5、水平。 (二) 完型填空題解題步驟1. 細讀首句，預測主題 “完形填空” 所選短文一般無標題，但首句通常不設空，目的是讓考生迅速進入主題，建立正確的思維導向。同時也不可忽視尾句前后呼應的作用。2. 跳讀全文，領會大意 要學會跳讀技巧。借助首尾句所給啟示，跳過空格，快速把短文從頭到尾通讀一遍，進一步從整體上理解短文大意。這是正確選擇的基礎，也是做題的關鍵。切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。若一開始就忙于填空，勢必無法掌握文章中心，造成顧此失彼，錯誤百出的不良結果。這是因為完形填空主要考察對語境的理解，若是在沒有弄清短文大意的情況下就去選擇填空，可能會因備選項的干擾而偏離主題，一錯到底。3. 通讀全文，

6、試選答案 根據(jù)全文大意，以全文為背景，把所給四個選項分別套入空格所在的句子中試填，初步完形空格。試填選項時，一定要注意在語境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的內容聯(lián)系和邏輯關系。在閱讀全文時，不要忽略連接詞、代詞、插入語、轉折語等的作用。因為這些詞往往是改變語境的關鍵詞，具有因果、讓步、遞進、轉折、指代、列舉、承上啟下的特殊功能。 如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示轉折或對比；besides, moreover, what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理結果。平時練習中要注意

7、分辨這類詞的細微差別，這樣才有利于保證選項的準確性。要弄清空格處待填的是什么詞、起何作用，同時也要注意習慣表達法，語法知識等，從而篩選出符合文意的選項。4. 細讀全文，推敲難題 有些空格在初步完形時就可以定局，可部分空格答案還不明朗。做到這一步，我們已能將短文中被挖去的詞“復位”了一些，對語境的了解更清晰，更準確了。我們要充分利用這一有利條件，聯(lián)系上下文意，根據(jù)常識，運用邏輯推理，結合語境和已選答案所提供的信息，對候選項再次進行仔細推敲，縝密考慮，選出最佳答案。若有些答案實在難以確定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在語法或內容上明顯不符合要求的答案，然后再比較、定奪。可按空格所在位置，從詞語搭配、

8、上下文意、習慣用法、詞義辨析和語法結構等方面，耐心細致地逐項分析，以求對應?？上茸x所要填詞的句子，復讀上一句，兼顧下一句，即“瞻前顧后”，確保答案的準確無誤（三）完型填空題實用解題技巧 實用技巧一： 尋找關鍵信息詞來選擇答案 在一篇文章中，有時就一個單句而言，很難確定合適的答案，但若繼續(xù)下去，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關的信息詞，這些詞往往直接或間接地提出或暗示我們所尋找的答案。 例1：Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He en

9、joyed his _1_ and traveling. 1. A. time B. holidayC. sleep D. work Then, after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place

10、_ 3_ him. The material between his bones became weak.2. A. boringB. tiring C. dangerousD. pleasant3. A. fromB. around C. insideD. beside例2：An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them.A. sleptB. lay C. lying D. felt sick實用技巧二：根據(jù)詞

11、的固定搭配和句型來選擇答案 英語語言結構包含著大量的固定搭配、習慣用語以及各種句型結構等。詞的固定搭配，特別是動詞的搭配題是完形填空測試的重點。這種情況命題方式常見的有兩種：一是將固定搭配中的某個詞刪去，二是在原來的搭配結構中插入較長的文字結構，造成搭配關系的松散現(xiàn)象。如：A persons feeling depends, in a sense, according to Dr. Green, _the climate. 如果學生知道according to Dr. Green是插入語，depend on動詞詞組被故意拆開的話，答案就非常容易了。例1：It will not be _ the

12、 teachers and the students meet again.A. before longB. far awayC. long before D. some long實用技巧三：用比較判斷法來選擇答案 有時，在一個段落中，前面的空只憑借一個句子的內容很難做出正確的判斷，但是在后面的句子結構中也出現(xiàn)同樣的語言結構，這種語言現(xiàn)象便是我們要找的比較信息部分。了解比較信息部分的結構，能幫助我們找到前面對應結構中等立存在的答案。例1：Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ , not very wide, _ 2_

13、wide enough for two buses to pass. But it is a _3_ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour.1. A clearB. cleanC. far D. fresh2. A. alsoB. evenC. and D. only3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. freeThe ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good, namely, knowledge; and

14、 only one _1_ , namely, _ 2 _.1. A. better B. best C. niceD. evil2. A. ignorance B. disbelief C. lazinessD. death除了可以從相同的結構中比較外，還可以利用其他轉折詞的功能進行比較，常見的轉折詞有：though（雖然）, at the same time（往往比較兩個不同的動作）, even so（盡管如此）, instead（此外）, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand（另一方面）, similarly（同樣）, but, however

15、（然而）等。在做完型填空時，利用這些詞或詞組的提示，我們可以判斷它們與后面的詞、句子的關系，這種關系或許是趨于向其他方面的轉化，或許是與所描述的概念正好相反。如：A horse and a donkey, each bearing a burden, were being led by their master. The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden, for it was very tired; _ the horse refused.A. butB. thenC. andD. so 實用技巧四：通過上下文語境來選擇答案

16、該項目的設計主要是考查考生的綜合分析能力。測試內容包括篇章結構和推理判斷能力，這些答案的選擇，起關鍵作用的是上下文的關系，也就是說，對短文的整體理解是非常重要的，這種考查項目的設計所占的比例較大，且難度也大?？忌仨毧缭骄渥訉哟魏投温鋵哟尾拍苓x出正確的答案來。例1：At a small parish in rural New England there lived a priest, and several nuns. One day, one of the older nuns was noticing that the rugs in the church were beginning t

17、o fray. She went to the priest and told him, "Father, I believe your rugs need to be replaced soon. "The priest thanked her for bringing it to his attention, and told her that he thought that she had been there long enough to refer to church property as 'our' not 'your.' Se

18、veral days later, the same nun noticed that the hedge needed to be trimmed. She again went to the priest and told him, "Father, I've noticed that your., I mean our hedge needs to be trimmed." The priest thanked her for again bringing something to his attention and this time asked her i

19、f she had seen his watch that had gone missing. She said she hadn't, but assured him she would look for it. A few days later the parish received word that the bishop would be coming for a visit. The entire parish was busy readying the church for the visit. On the day the bishop arrived, the same

20、 nun came down the front stairs yelling, "Father! Father! I found your watch!" The bishop said, "How wonderful my child. Where did you find it?" After saying hello to the bishop, the nun turned to the priest and said, "I found it under _ bed.“A. YOURB. OUR C. THEIR D. MY實用技巧

21、五：通過文章深層意義的理解選擇答案 通過文章深層意義來選擇答案，是完形填空難度最大的一種形式。它要求考生不僅要有廣博的英語文化知識、豐富的生活經歷，還要求考生能夠駕馭全文，不僅理解文章的表層意義，而且要弄清文章的深層意義。 例1：An American and a Japanese were sitting on the plane on the way to LA when the American turned to the Japanese and asked, "What kind of 'ese' are you?" The Japane

22、se confused, replied, "Sorry, but I don't understand what you mean." The American repeated, "What kind of 'ese' are you?"  Again, the Japanese was confused over the question. The American, now irritated, loudly repeated, "Jeez, how tough is this - what kind

23、of 'ESE' are you?  Are you ChinESE or JapanESE or VietnamESE . . . ? The Japanese gentleman replied, "Oh, I see. I'm Japanese." "Well, OK, now we're getting somewhere," the American said. A little while later, the Japanese man asked, "Excuse me, but what

24、 kind of 'key' are you?" "What? What the hell do you mean?" the irritated American answered. "You know, a monKEY or a donKEY or just a typical _?"A. YanKEEB. AmericanC. turKEYD. animal鞏固練習 It was the final examination for an introductory English course at the lo

25、cal university. Like 1 freshman courses, it was designed to 2 new students, having over 700 students in the class! The examination was two hours long, and exam booklets were provided.The professor was very 3 and told the class that any exam paper that was not on his desk in 4 two hours would not be

26、accepted and the student would 5 . 1/2 hour into the exam, a student 6 in and asked the professor for 7 ."You're not going to have 8 to finish this," the professor stated sarcastically as he handed the student a booklet. "Yes, I will," replied the student. He then took a seat

27、 and began 9 . After two hours, the professor called for the exams, and the students filed up and handed them in. 10 the late student, who continued 11 . 1/2 hour later, the 12 student came up to the 13 who was sitting at his desk 14 his next class. He attempted to put his exam on the stack of exam

28、booklets already there. "No, you don't, I'm not going to accept that. 15 ."The student looked incredulous and 16 . "Do you know WHO I am?"" 17 , as a matter of fact I don't," replied the professor with an air of sarcasm in his 18 . "Are you sure that yo

29、u don't know WHO I am?!" the student asked again. "No, and I don't care." replied the professor with an air of superiority.  " 19 ," replied the student, who quickly lifted the pile of 20 exams, placed his in the middle, then threw the papers in the air and walk

30、ed out of the room. 1. A. several such B. such many C. many such D. such a2. A. weed out B. accept C. admit D. permit3. A. kind B. friendly C. strict D. serious4. A. about B. exactly C. more than D. less than5. A. pass B. succeed C. enroll D. fail6. A. went B. came rushing C. entered D. walked7. A.

31、some paper B. a pen C. ink D. an exam booklet8. A. right B. ability C. time D. energy9. A. writing B. cheating C. walking D. talking10. A. All except B. All C. All besides D. All of11. A. cryingB. sweatingC. tremblingD. writing12. A. firstB. last C. later D. latest13. A. headmaster B. monitor C. pro

32、fessor D. inspector14. A. sitting for B. preparing forC. having D. giving15. A. Its enough B. It's OK C. Its all right D. Its late16. A. happy B. sad C. angry D. gentle17. A. No B. YesC. OKD. All right18. A. sound B. voice C. faceD. eye19. A. Bad luckB. Best C. GoodD. Better20. A. uncompleted B.

33、 marked C. marking D. completedA little boy invited his mother to attend his schools first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boys disappointment, she said she would go. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he felt ashamed of her appearance. Although she

34、 was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar that covered nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother in spite of the scar, but the little boy wa

35、s still embarrassed(尷尬)and hidhimself from everyone. He did, however, get within hearing of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.The teacher asked carefully ,“How did you get the scar on your face?” The mother replied, “When my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone

36、 was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked senseless but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us.” She touched the bu

37、rned side of her face. “This scar will be lasting , but to this day, I have never regretted what I did.”At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great sense of the sacrifice that his mother had made for him. He held h

38、er hand tightly for the rest of the day.A little boy invited his mother to attend his schools first teacher-parent parent meeting. To the little boys 36 ,she said she would go. This 37 be the first time that his classmates and teacher 38 his mother and he felt 39 of her appearance. Although she was

39、a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar(疤痕)that 40 nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to 41 why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were 42 by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother 43 the car, but the little boy was still embarrassed(尷尬)and 44 hi

40、mself from everyone. He did, however, get within 45 of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.The teacher asked 46 ,“How did you get the scar on your face?”The mother replied,“ 47 my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was 48 afraid to go in because the fire was 49 ，so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a loing piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked 50 but fortun