習(xí)題課-高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧和訓(xùn)練

1、習(xí)題課-高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧和訓(xùn)練班級(jí)_ 姓名_ 日期_學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的解題技巧 2. 明確復(fù)習(xí)方向，量化復(fù)習(xí)手段和過(guò)程一.語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧首先明白英語(yǔ)十大詞類：動(dòng)，名，形，副，代，介，數(shù)，連，冠，嘆。有提示詞：主要考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,形容詞和副詞無(wú)提示詞：主要考查冠詞，介詞，連詞，代詞一、給出動(dòng)詞原形。判斷該空做謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。做謂語(yǔ)，考慮時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，進(jìn)行時(shí)，完成時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，單三等。做非謂語(yǔ)，填寫-ing形式，to+原形，-ed形式，有時(shí)需要將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~或形容詞（如：invent-invention，contribu

2、te-contribution，attract-attractive）。二、給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；三、給出副詞，填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或是填寫反義詞；四、不給提示詞，主要填寫介詞、連詞、冠詞和代詞。試著記住下面的順口溜：空前空后要注意，動(dòng)詞”注意要變形，“名詞”單復(fù)數(shù)要牢記，還有s 不能棄，“形副”注意互換和三種級(jí)，要填“數(shù)詞”請(qǐng)留意，千萬(wàn)別忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹(jǐn)記。二. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,小試牛刀（先獨(dú)立完成，然后小組討論合作探究）A One Sunday morning in August I went

3、 to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment_1_(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_2_the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man_3_(sit) at the front. He_4_(pretend) that a tiger toy was r

4、eal and giving it a voice. He must be_5_(mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to_6_he was trying to talk, but after some minutes_7_walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_8_his own either. After a while I ros

5、e from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_9_amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made_10_of us feel good.B A young man, while traveling through a des

6、ert, came across a spring of clear water. _1_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder_2_had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man_3_ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_4_ ( warm ), and t

7、hanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_5_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let_6_student taste the water. He spit it out, _7_ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Si

8、r, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like_8_?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be_9_ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best_10_we receive gifts of love from chi

9、ldren. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.C Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _1_was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished th

10、at he was as easy_2_(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not_3_pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or_4_(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter_5_some at

11、tractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her_6_ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes_7_

12、sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please_8_. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already_9_table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Y

13、our father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane_10_ (inform). D Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._1_these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop_2_(help) it grow”, is based on the followi

14、ng story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help_3_rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about_4_day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea_5_he would pluck up all of his crop a few in

15、ches. He did so the next day. He was very tired_6_doing this for a whole day,_7_he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”_8_ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_9_(

16、nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often_10_(result) in the contrary to our intention.三. 短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧（一）短文改錯(cuò)的常見(jiàn)8類錯(cuò)誤：1.動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤。包括時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，和主謂一致。短文改錯(cuò)的文章的時(shí)態(tài)一般是一致的，語(yǔ)態(tài)方面要注意是該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主謂一致主要考慮一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞形式。如： (1)He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改為lay. lie 表示“躺”的意思

17、時(shí)，過(guò)去式為lay.） （躺lie lay lain, 說(shuō)謊lie lied lied， 放置，下蛋l(fā)ay laid laid) (2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (4) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (5) I was used to watch it every night. 2. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。如在s

18、everal，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在every與each之后常用單數(shù)。3. 形容詞與副詞的誤用。如exciting與excited，surprising 和surprised, disappointing和disappointed, hard與hardly，possible與possibly，here與there等，以及形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)錯(cuò)用。4. 代詞的誤用。如人稱代詞的主格和賓格，they和them， 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，you與your，its與its，one與ones，賓格(如me)與反身

19、代詞(如myself)的誤用, 人稱前后不一致等。一些不定代詞anything與something, anywhere與somewhere，any 與some等的混淆。what與how的誤用, 5. 介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。常見(jiàn)的誤用如in 與on，to與for， except與besides的混用。缺少和多余如instead與instead of，because與because of， 還有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的混淆，尤其是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的搭配誤用。 (1)Bill insisted in staying near the car. (2) Suddenly we caught sight at

20、a car and some men. (3) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (4) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 6. 連詞的誤用。如or與and，and與but用，so與but的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。以及復(fù)合句從句中which，that，when，where等

21、關(guān)系詞的混淆不清。7.冠詞的誤用。名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子；可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an；輔音前用a， an在元音前；若為特指時(shí)，則須用定冠；復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見(jiàn)；碰到代詞時(shí)，冠詞均不現(xiàn)。 名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用;表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。 如：（1）After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. （2）Some people read the books or watch

22、television while others have sports.（3）Good health is persons most valuable possession. （4）Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.（5）There is public library in every town in Britain. 8.一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。如sothat被誤用作verythat，tooto被誤用veryto，asas 被誤作soas等。（二

23、）答題規(guī)范增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞； 2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。（三）單句練習(xí)(先獨(dú)立完成，然后小組討論并達(dá)成一致，再展示)：A.刪除一個(gè)詞(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (2) Some people read the books or watch television while ot

24、hers have sports. (3) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are

25、ill. (6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings.(7) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.(8) and let you to know when the book you want has returned. (9) in other places where you are limi

26、ted to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (10) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (11) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (12) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (13) I also enjoyed the evening

27、s when we spent together. (14) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.(15) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family.B.修改一個(gè)詞（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）(1) rather than go into the forest and getting lost.(2) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leadi

28、ng to a village. (3) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (4) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (5) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (6) The World Health Organization and other organ

29、izations are working improve health all over the world. C.增加一個(gè)詞( 1 ) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.（2）I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.（3）For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery. （4）When we walked to the ca

30、r, Bill smiled and shook head.（5）The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.（四）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，小試牛刀(先獨(dú)立完成，然后小組討論并達(dá)成一致，再展示)AWhen I look at this picture of myself , I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically and also mentally in the

31、past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying differe

32、nce kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. B Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work

33、every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the in

34、ternet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！C During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animal

35、s. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my fath

36、er that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.（五）課后作業(yè)：語(yǔ)法填空1. Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. T

37、hen he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did t

38、he same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against

39、 the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 2. The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as _31_ investigative tool

40、. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with

41、individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, _34_there are many positive developments _35_ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. _36_ concern relates to a lack of control over_37_ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can _39_ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a