“It”作形式主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

1、“It”作形式主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) It作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)用法，是中學(xué)階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的主要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一?？v觀歷屆高考題，無(wú)論是單項(xiàng)選擇，還是完行填空，it用法始終是反復(fù)考查的重、熱點(diǎn)之一?，F(xiàn)將it在特殊句型中作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)用法，進(jìn)行如下歸納分析，以供學(xué)習(xí)參考。 一、 It 用作形式主語(yǔ) 當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。 It為to tell a lie的形式主

2、語(yǔ) It is no use arguing about it. (爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。 It為arguing about it的形式主語(yǔ) It is uncertain who will come. (誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。 It為who will come的形式主語(yǔ) It 作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型： It + be + 形容詞 + to do sth. / doing / that . e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)非常重要。 It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆

3、水難收。 It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。 It + be +名詞詞組 + doing / that . e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒謊沒(méi)好處。 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天沒(méi)看成那部電影真遺憾。 It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party

4、. (沒(méi)有共產(chǎn)黨就沒(méi)有新中國(guó)，這是毋庸質(zhì)疑的。 It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that . 該句型常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (據(jù)說(shuō)他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。 It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中國(guó)將

5、會(huì)步入世界強(qiáng)國(guó)之列。 It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有十七萬(wàn)人在2004年那場(chǎng)海嘯中喪生。 It + seems / appears / happens等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that . e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。 It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看來(lái)湯姆可能會(huì)改變主意。 若句子是疑問(wèn)形式，就只能用it作形式

6、主語(yǔ)。 e.g. Does it matter much that they wont come tomorrow? (他們明天不來(lái)很重要嗎？ Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出國(guó)是真的嗎？ It + takes + (sb. + some time + to do sth. 這是一個(gè)表示“（某人）花多少時(shí)間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以 省略。 e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials. (

7、我花了一些時(shí)間才讀完那段閱讀材料。 It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane. (從上海乘飛機(jī)去新西蘭花了他14小時(shí)。 How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train? (從青島坐火車(chē)到北京一般要花多久時(shí)間？ I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估計(jì)至少要九個(gè)鐘頭才能到那兒。 二、It 用作形式賓

8、語(yǔ) 當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it仍只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。 下列四種情況須用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)： 當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）； e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. （他們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們中國(guó)人一起工作很愉快。） I dont feel it diffi

9、cult to understand the Special English. （我覺(jué)得理解英語(yǔ)特別節(jié)目并不難。） He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志決不向別人借錢(qián)。） I think it no need talking about it with them. （我認(rèn)為沒(méi)必要跟他們談。） 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句； e.g. I dont like it that hes so lazy. （我不喜歡他那么懶惰。） I hate it when my

10、mother asks me to eat eggs. （我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。） that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句不能直接作介詞的賓語(yǔ)； e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （盡管放心，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)幫你的。） Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你負(fù)責(zé)保證她早到家，好嗎？） He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。） 由及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語(yǔ)從句若作該動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，須借用it。 e.g. I

11、leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。） We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident. （多虧了你才沒(méi)有發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故。） 試比較下列高考題，選出最佳答案： 1. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89 A. this B. that C. it D. he 2. I dont think _ possible to master a fo

12、reign language without much memory work. (MET90 A. this B. that C. its D. it 3. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? (MET91 A. this B. that C. he D. it 4. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. (MET93 A. he B. which C. she D. it 5. _ is a fact that Eng

13、lish is being accepted as an international language. (MET95 A. There B. This C. That D. It 6. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98 A. it B. that C. these D. them 7. Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. (上海98 A

14、. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 8. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004 A. this B. that C. it D. one 模擬練習(xí)： 1. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that 2. We

15、 took _ for granted that they would accept our advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them 3. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. Its true D. Its truly 4. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear. A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who 5.

16、_ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he 6. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It 7. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it 8. She liked _ when he kissed he