高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)省略句ppt課件

1、高東東高東東一一.考綱要求考綱要求按照考試大綱的要求，考生應(yīng)掌握英語省按照考試大綱的要求，考生應(yīng)掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略。省略。二。命題導(dǎo)向二。命題導(dǎo)向近年的高考試題主要考查定語從句、賓語近年的高考試題主要考查定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、簡單句中和交際語境中從句、狀語從句、簡單句中和交際語境中的省略。的省略。 ( I ) Thank you for your help. ( It ) doesnt matter. What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? His brother is

2、nt lazy, nor is his sister .主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略定 語 從 句 的 簡化1、把定語從句簡化為形容詞短語作定語。（如果定語從句的表語是形容詞短語）She received a box which was full of gifts. She received a box full of gifts.她收到了滿滿一盒子禮物。 2、把定語從句簡化為介詞短語。（如果定語從句的表語是介詞短語）The books which lie/is under the bed arent worth

3、reading. The books under the bed arent worth reading.床下那些書不值得讀。 定 語 從 句 的 簡化3、1.把定語從句簡化為不定式或不定式短語作定語。（如果定語從句中的謂語動詞是一般將來時，或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或追高級修飾，或last only 修飾，或者先行詞是不定代詞something,anthing.）Have you anything that you want to say at the meeting? Have you anything to say at the meeting?你在會上有什么要說的嗎？ Mary is the

4、only person that can save me from danger.Mary is the only person to save me from danger.定 語 從 句 的 簡化3.2、把定語從句變成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語。例如： Is there anything else that we can do? Is there anything else for us to do?還有其它我們可做的事嗎？ 3.3.定語從句簡化為 介詞+which +不定式含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動詞的后面） The farmers use wood to build a ho

5、use in which they can store grain.The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain4.1、把定語從句簡化成現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。(一般情況下，在定語從句中的謂語動詞時主句的主語發(fā)出的，是主動語態(tài)用現(xiàn)在分詞) The boy who stands against the door is his younger brother. The boy standing against the door is his younger brother.靠門站著的那個男孩是他弟弟。 4.2、把定語從句簡化

6、為過去分詞短語作定語。（一般情況下，在定語從句中的謂語動詞時不是由主句的主語發(fā)出的，是被動語態(tài)，用過去分詞）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful. The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.我母親給我買的那本詞典非常有用。 定 語 從 句 的 簡化5.另外：還可以把表明身份、職業(yè)等非限定性定語從句簡化為同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Lao Zhang,who was our hospital driver,died yesterday. Lao Zha

7、ng,our hospital driver,died yesterday.老張，我們醫(yī)院的司機(jī)，昨天去世了。 The old man,who is a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report. The old man,a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.那位老人，一個著名的科學(xué)家，要來給我們作報告。定 語 從 句 的 簡化狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略狀語從句的簡化具體講解 一、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是一、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,

8、 且謂語動詞是且謂語動詞是be時，時，it和和be可完全簡化掉。例如：可完全簡化掉。例如： If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的話，他會幫你擺脫困境。如果可能的話，他會幫你擺脫困境。 You must attend the meeting on time unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情況對你除非情況對你不便，否則你必須出席這個會議。不便，否則你必須出席這個會議。 二、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，從句可以將主語和二、當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一

9、致時，從句可以將主語和be動詞動詞簡化掉。常用于以下情形：簡化掉。常用于以下情形： 連詞連詞+形容詞形容詞 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小時候就學(xué)會了他小時候就學(xué)會了怎樣騎自行車。怎樣騎自行車。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去購物。她有空就去購物。 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壯不努力，老少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。大徒傷悲。 連詞名詞連詞名詞 While (he was) a

10、 young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在他在孩提時代，就樂于助人。孩提時代，就樂于助人。 連詞連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語）（相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語）As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。 Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks

11、. 盡管近來他一直在努力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，但仍然沒有取得好成績。盡管近來他一直在努力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，但仍然沒有取得好成績。 狀語從句的簡化4. 連詞連詞+過去分詞過去分詞 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語）（相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語） He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀請，否則他是除非受到邀請，否則他是不會和我不會和我 們一道去那兒的。們一道去那兒的。 The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 這場音樂會這場音樂會出乎意料地獲得了巨大成功。出乎意料地獲得了巨大成功。 5. 連詞連

12、詞+不定式不定式 （相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語）（相當(dāng)于非謂語動詞作狀語） He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 他站起來好像要說點什他站起來好像要說點什么。么。 He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使即使他來負(fù)責(zé)也解決不了這個問題。他來負(fù)責(zé)也解決不了這個問題。 6. 連詞連詞+介詞短語介詞短語 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦慮，她看上去很焦慮，就好像是遇到了麻煩。就好像

13、是遇到了麻煩。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美國之前就精通英語了。他到美國之前就精通英語了。 留意：若從句主語和主句主語不一致，從句部分要么用完全形式，留意：若從句主語和主句主語不一致，從句部分要么用完全形式，要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如：要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如： When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-place. 當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時，所有的人都走出了會場。當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時，所有的人都走出了會場。

14、(=The meeting over, .) 狀語從句的簡化并列中的省略并列中的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略類似的動詞是：類似的動詞是：I DROP CAPS (insist堅持堅持,demand要求要求,require要求，要求，request請求，請求，recommend建議，建議，order命令，命令，propose建議，建議，command命令，命令，ask要求，要求，advise建議，建議，prefer寧愿，寧愿，

15、suggest建議，建議，)1.狀語從句的省略：在以狀語從句的省略：在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等連詞引導(dǎo)的時間、等連詞引導(dǎo)的時間、緣由、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從緣由、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞語的代詞it以及以及be動詞動詞,保留現(xiàn)在分保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。等。.狀語從句中的省略：狀語從句中的省略：當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂語動詞含有當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂語

16、動詞含有be時，或狀語從句為時，或狀語從句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以省略狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:1).連詞連詞as/as if/once+名詞名詞Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government .2)連詞連詞though/whether/when+形容詞形容詞Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret .3).連詞連詞whether /as if /while+介詞短語介詞短語He looks everywher

17、e as if (he was) looking for something.4)連詞連詞when/while/though+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called .5).連詞連詞when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as+過去分詞過去分詞The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.6).連詞連詞as if/as though +不定式不定式He opened his lips as i

18、f (he were) to speak.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語為當(dāng)狀語從句的主語為it ,謂語動詞含有謂語動詞含有be時，可以省略狀語從時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語句的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為:連詞連詞if/unless/when/whenever+形容詞形容詞Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.7)if+ so/not省略句式，省略句式， so/not 代替上文內(nèi)容代替上文內(nèi)容Get up early tomorrow morning, if not (you dont get up

19、 early), you will miss the bus. 練習(xí)：補(bǔ)充省略部分練習(xí)：補(bǔ)充省略部分1) When in trouble , I always turn to her for help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever. I amthere is he has ever been4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter is to be left here until called fo

20、r . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh. wood isit ishe wasit is2、 比較狀語從句的省略比較狀語從句的省略 1) 以以as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。或部分省去。 如：如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as hard as

21、 you (study). 2在在the + 比較級比較級. , the +比較級比較級 的句的句型中型中, 當(dāng)謂語是當(dāng)謂語是be 動詞時動詞時 , 而且主語非代詞而且主語非代詞時時, 常省略動詞常省略動詞be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （memory will be ） The more I can do , the better （better it will be） 3. 以以as soon as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語和主引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致時句主語一致時,可用可用on/upon doing 形式簡化形式簡化狀

22、語從句狀語從句, 此時的動詞為瞬間動詞此時的動詞為瞬間動詞. As soon as he arrived at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. 4. 定語從句中的省略定語從句中的省略1)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that /which /who在從句在從句中作主語且后面有中作主語且后面有be動詞，我們可以省

23、略關(guān)系代動詞，我們可以省略關(guān)系代詞及詞及be動詞動詞. 如：如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.2)在限制性定語從句起賓語作用的關(guān)系代在限制性定語從句起賓語作用的關(guān)系代詞詞that, which, whom可以省略可以省略;在在the same. as和和such. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句中引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,可以省略與主句相同的部

24、分可以省略與主句相同的部分;先行詞是先行詞是 direction(方向方向) , way(方式方式) , distance(間隔間隔) , time(時間時間) , times(倍數(shù)倍數(shù)) 等后面所接的定語從句中常省略等后面所接的定語從句中常省略that, which, in which 如如: 如：如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. The d

25、irection (in which ) we move a body (物物體體) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 5.虛擬語氣中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虛擬

26、語氣的 if條件句中省略if把 had(助動詞), should , were 提早.It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week .注: 在表建議,命令,勸告等詞后所接虛擬語氣的should +動詞原形中的 should 常省略.五、五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介詞在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介詞 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth waste som

27、e time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth六六. 省略語還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞標(biāo)題或使用說明中省略語還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞標(biāo)題或使用說明中 例如：例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK,

28、 costumes greatLets practice.Lets practice.1. He was a swimmer when _. A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child.2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. youngWhile _, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. A. was in B. to be in C. be in

29、 D. in he was a child.he was youngI was in BDDLets practice.Lets practice.4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to

30、expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2019) A. seeingB. having C. to have seen D. to seeyou are spoken toit was expected.he was to seeBADLets practice.Lets practice.7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time y

31、ou have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating9.Ask him to take you home if _. A.is possibleB. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10. _ your lette

32、r, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received you were told toyou are caught cheatingit is possibleIf I had receivedADCCLets practice 2.Lets practice 2.1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C.

33、 had to D. had to do2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B. so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger3. Im going to dig it up. What _? A. withB. byC. at D. from4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yeste

34、rdayhad to take a taxi taller than he is stronger than his sisterare you going to dig it up withNo, I have not been here very longCAAALets practice.Lets practice.5. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing6. Dont forget to come t

35、o my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget7. Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B. Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. No，I willLosing made her so upsetI wont forget to come to your birthday partyOK. I will get up ear

36、lier tomorrow morningCBALets practice.Lets practice.8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but I still _ _. A. hope soB. hope to C. hope itD. hope that9.I am happy if you _. A. happyB. are C. willD. be10.Are you a film star? _.A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to hope to p

37、ass the testare happyI used to be a film starBBBLets practice.Lets practice. 1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2019) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child3. Can I have a

38、 cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. soa momentchildrenthe same black coffeeBCBLets practiceLets practice4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. MineB.I C. Myself D. Me5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. MyselfD. Me6. W

39、hy didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did soB.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do itI often think of my childhood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. whenC. whereD. whoIs it my turn to be on duty todayCan I climb that treeI did do my homework(my childhood)ADDALet

40、s practice.Lets practice.8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one B. onesC. twoD. pair9. Whats the difference between the first house and the second? The first one has a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no oneD. neither10. Canada has a la

41、rge area than _ China. A. that ofB. the one of C. it of D./shoes/pairsno garagethe area ofBB(nobody)A一、狀語從句中句子成分的省略一、狀語從句中句子成分的省略e.g. 1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. lacked lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in C二、動詞不定式的省略二、動詞不定式的省略 在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話里，常把不定式對話里，常把不定式to后內(nèi)后內(nèi)容相同的部分省略，只保留容相同的部分省略