2021中考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)詠物詩(shī)山水田園詩(shī)

1、詠物詩(shī)、山水田園詩(shī)謝靈運(yùn)、王維、孟浩然 山水詩(shī)人一一吟河護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)”高適、岑參、王昌齡、王之渙 一一邊塞詩(shī)人一一邊伏俠”柳永、李清照、李煜一一文風(fēng)悲戚的婉約派詞人一一賦愁者聯(lián)盟 詩(shī)歌分類詠物詩(shī)山水田園詩(shī)送別詩(shī)懷古詠史詩(shī)邊塞詩(shī)羈旅詩(shī)閨怨詩(shī)諷喻詩(shī)哲理詩(shī)等詩(shī)歌鑒賞思路【寫(xiě)了什么】一一描繪了什么景色、事物、人，事件是什么【抒發(fā)了什么感情】【用了什么手法】詩(shī)歌鑒賞答題公式=內(nèi)容+手法+情感（或景物的狀態(tài)） 詩(shī)歌鑒賞類型一：詠物詩(shī)鑒賞詠物詩(shī)是借自然界中的萬(wàn)物寄托詩(shī)人自己的感情。在詩(shī)人筆下，花鳥(niǎo)草蟲(chóng)皆有品，一花一木皆關(guān)情, 他們或詠物寄興，或詠物怡情?！咎攸c(diǎn)歸納】1 .求其形似”一一曲盡其妙2 .由物到人，由實(shí)

2、到虛，寫(xiě)出精神品格，求其 神似”一一不滯于物3 .寫(xiě)作技巧 常用表現(xiàn)手法：托物言志；對(duì)比、襯托（反襯）；象征。常用修辭：比喻、擬人。 常用描寫(xiě)手法：正面描寫(xiě)、白描、側(cè)面描寫(xiě)?！敬痤}步驟】1 .讀清”全詩(shī)2 .分析物象的外在特征、環(huán)境特點(diǎn)和內(nèi)在品性。3 .聯(lián)系詩(shī)人自身經(jīng)歷和所處社會(huì)環(huán)境，揣摩詩(shī)人所托之情，所言之志。4 .體會(huì)詩(shī)人手法的高妙。例1 .柳李商隱曾逐東風(fēng)拂舞筵，樂(lè)游春苑斷腸天。如何肯到清秋日，已帶斜陽(yáng)又帶蟬。注:李商隱青年時(shí)就考中進(jìn)士，朝氣蓬勃，充滿信心，然而由于黨爭(zhēng)傾軋，使他長(zhǎng)期沉淪下僚。詩(shī)人寫(xiě)此 詩(shī)時(shí)，妻子剛病故，自己又將只身赴蜀，去過(guò)那使人厭倦的幕府生涯。試析 曾逐東風(fēng)拂舞筵”中

3、逐”字的精妙之處。(2)試析這首詩(shī)對(duì)比的表現(xiàn)手法。詩(shī)中表現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人怎樣的思想感情?例2.白云泉白居易天平山上白云泉，云自無(wú)心水自閑。何必奔沖山下去，更添波浪向人間。(1)簡(jiǎn)要分析詩(shī)中抒情主人公的形象特點(diǎn)。(2)本詩(shī)在藝術(shù)手法上有何突出特點(diǎn)？試簡(jiǎn)要分析。詩(shī)歌鑒賞類型二： 山水田園詩(shī)鑒賞過(guò)故人莊孟浩然故人具雞黍，邀我至田家。綠樹(shù)村邊合，青山郭外斜。開(kāi)軒面場(chǎng)圃，把酒話桑麻。待到重陽(yáng)日，還來(lái)就菊花。歸園田居陶淵明少無(wú)適俗韻，性本愛(ài)丘山。誤落塵網(wǎng)中，一去三十年。 羈鳥(niǎo)戀舊林，池魚(yú)思故淵。開(kāi)荒南野際，守拙歸園田。 方宅十余畝，草屋八九間。榆柳蔭后檐，桃李羅堂前。 曖曖遠(yuǎn)人村，依依墟里煙。狗吠深巷中，雞鳴桑樹(shù)

4、巔。 戶庭無(wú)塵雜，虛室有余閑。久在樊籠里，復(fù)得返自然。山居秋瞑 王維空山新雨后，天氣晚來(lái)秋。 明月松間照，清泉石上流。 竹喧歸浣女，蓮動(dòng)下漁舟。 隨意春芳歇，王孫自可留?！拘〗Y(jié)】情懷山水 風(fēng)光優(yōu)美 田園生活恬然 借景抒情，情景交融【情懷】A.表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的不滿，懷才不遇的苦悶。B.對(duì)寧?kù)o、平和、歸隱生活的向往，抒發(fā)閑適自得的心情。C.自己遺世獨(dú)立的高尚情懷和隱居生活的幽寂高雅。D.歌頌勞動(dòng)生活，以及在勞動(dòng)中與農(nóng)民的深情厚意。E.反映農(nóng)村生活與人民生活的貧困?！敬痤}術(shù)語(yǔ)】（給分點(diǎn)）1 .思想內(nèi)容一一熱愛(ài)自然、向往自由、歸（退）隱、閑適淡泊悠然自得2 .表現(xiàn)手法一一借景抒情情景交融3 .寫(xiě)景方法描寫(xiě)

5、角度一一如近景與遠(yuǎn)景、俯視與仰望等；描寫(xiě)順序一一如從外到內(nèi)、從近到遠(yuǎn)等；描寫(xiě)方法一一如正面與側(cè)面、實(shí)景與虛景 （現(xiàn)實(shí)與想象、神話，以實(shí)襯虛或以虛襯實(shí) 卜動(dòng)靜結(jié)合（以動(dòng)襯 靜、以有聲襯無(wú)聲卜粗筆勾勒（白描）、遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合、點(diǎn)面結(jié)合、五覺(jué)（感覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、視覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、觸覺(jué) ）結(jié)合、 聲色結(jié)合等。4 .語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)一一清新自然 質(zhì)樸自然 清新洗練 例3.春行即興李華宜陽(yáng)城下草萋萋，澗水東流復(fù)向西。芳樹(shù)無(wú)人花自落，春山一路鳥(niǎo)空啼。 這首詩(shī)的三、四兩句運(yùn)用了哪種修辭方法？請(qǐng)具體說(shuō)明。 古人在談到詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作時(shí)曾說(shuō):作詩(shī)不過(guò)情、景二端?！闭?qǐng)從 景“和 情”的角度來(lái)賞析這首詩(shī)。English Song Time!Brown

6、 Eyes DestinyRemember the first day when I saw your face Remember the first day when you smiled at me You stepped to me and then you said to me I was the woman you dreamed about Remember the first day when you called my house Remember the first day when you took me out We had butterflies although we

7、 tried to hide and we both had a beautiful night The way we held each other's hand the way we talked the way we laughed It felt so good to find true loveI knew right then and there you were the one I know that he loves me cause he told me so I know that he loves me cause his feelings show When h

8、e stares at me you see that he cares for me You see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obvious I know that he loves me cause it's me he trusts and he's missing me if he's not kissing me and when he looks at me his brown eyes tell his soul Remember the first d

9、ay, the first day we kissed Remember the first day we had an argument We apologized and then we promised and we haven't argued sinceRemember the first day we stopped playing games Remember the first day you fell in love with me It felt so good for you to say those words cause I felt the same way

10、 too The way we held each other's hand the way we talked the way we laughed it felt so good to fall in love and I knew right then and there you were the one I know that he loves me cause he told me so I know that he loves me cause his feelings show when he stares at me you see that he cares for

11、me you see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obvious I know that he loves me cause it's me he trusts and he's missing me if he's not kissing me and when he looks at me his brown eyes tell his soul I'm so happy so happy that you're in my life and baby

12、 now part that you're a of me you showed meshowed me the true meaning of the love and I know he loves meI know that he loves me cause he told me soI know that he loves me cause his feelings show when he stares at me you see that he cares for me you see how he is so deep in loveI know that he loves me cause it's obviousI know that