劉炳善英國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史復(fù)習(xí)提綱

1、 本文供考研英國(guó)文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)第二遍和第三遍的時(shí)候使用，第一遍要把教材細(xì)讀一遍。很多人覺(jué)的文學(xué)學(xué)的亂七八糟，主要是因?yàn)槟X子里沒(méi)有一個(gè)清晰的綱領(lǐng)，在臨考前腦子里要對(duì)文學(xué)有很清晰的綱領(lǐng)，這樣就算復(fù)習(xí)的差不多了。有人又問(wèn)？什么是綱領(lǐng)？比如說(shuō)英國(guó)文學(xué)吧，你要知道英國(guó)文學(xué)大致分為多少個(gè)時(shí)期，每一個(gè)時(shí)期有什么總體特點(diǎn)，有什么總體的literary trend，然后這個(gè)時(shí)期有那些重要的作家，每一個(gè)重要的作家都寫(xiě)過(guò)什么重要的作品，這些重要的作品大致內(nèi)容是什么，有什么意義，有什么寫(xiě)作特色，除了這些之外，再對(duì)基本的文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)有所了解就差不多了。當(dāng)然如果要求選讀的，選讀作品得另看。Part One: Early and M

2、edieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements（此處可能會(huì)有填空，選擇等小題）2. Romance（名詞解釋）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthurs story4. Ballad（名詞解釋）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chauc

3、er: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名詞解釋)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空選擇）9. Re

4、naissance（名詞解釋）10.Thomas MoreUtopia11. Sonnet（名詞解釋）12. Blank verse（名詞解釋）13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名詞解釋）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推薦閱讀，學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)正式語(yǔ)體的英文文章的好參照，本文用詞正式優(yōu)雅，多排比句和長(zhǎng)句，語(yǔ)言造詣非常高，里面很多話都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一讀）15. Christoph

5、er Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以說(shuō)是英國(guó)文學(xué)史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜劇，四大悲劇比較重要，此外就是羅密歐與朱立葉了，這些劇的主題，背景，情節(jié)，人物形象都要熟悉，當(dāng)然他最重要的悲劇作品是Hamlet這是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要屬sonnet18。（其戲劇中著名對(duì)白和幾首有名的十四行詩(shī)可能會(huì)出選讀）17. Ben Jonson個(gè)別戲劇的名字要能和人對(duì)上號(hào)，如Every Man in His Humor,二外好像在這里出過(guò)一道匹配題，但是不用看太具體。P

6、art Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution18. John Milton三大史詩(shī)非常重要，特別是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。對(duì)于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse寫(xiě)成的，故事情節(jié)來(lái)自O(shè)ld Testament，具體情節(jié)在課本124頁(yè)，另外要知道此書(shū)theme和Satan的形象。對(duì)于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情節(jié)及其來(lái)源。另外129頁(yè)到130頁(yè)brief summary中5條要看。19. John Bunya

7、nThe Pilgrims Progress20. Founder of the Metaphysical schoolJohn Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images21. Andrew Marvell此人不重要，但他有一首名詩(shī)To His Coy Mistress22. John Dryden“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerun

8、ner of the Classicism in BritainPart Four: The Eighteen Century23. Enlightenment（名詞解釋）24. Classicism（名詞解釋）25. Richard Steele“The Tatler”26. Joseph Addison“The Spectator”這個(gè)比上面那個(gè)要重要，注意這個(gè)報(bào)紙和我們今天的報(bào)紙不一樣，它虛構(gòu)了一系列的人物，以這些人物的口氣來(lái)寫(xiě)報(bào)紙上刊登的散文，這一部分要仔細(xì)讀。27. Steels and Addisons styles and their contributions28. Alexa

9、nder Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations29. Jonathan Swift: “Gullivers Travels”此書(shū)非常重要，要知道具體內(nèi)容，就是Gulliver游歷過(guò)的四個(gè)地方的英文名稱，和每個(gè)部分具體的諷刺對(duì)象; “The Drapiers Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”,后一篇比較重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反諷手法。30.

10、The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”,當(dāng)然是Robinson Crusoe比較重要，劇情要清楚，179頁(yè)這一節(jié)最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蘊(yùn)涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主義的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of Engl

11、ish realistic novel。32. Samuel Richardson“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)比較重要，需要仔細(xì)看。他是一個(gè)比較重要的作家，200頁(yè)founder of the English Realistic novel部分要看，201頁(yè)第3點(diǎn)features也要看，另外Fielding也被稱為fathe

12、r of the English novel.34. Laurence Sterne“Tristram Shandy”35. Richard Sheridan“The School for Scandal”36. Samuel Johnson“Dictionary”, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield” (the writers declaration of independence)37. Oliver Goldsmith“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were

13、written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)38. Edward Gibbon“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”40. Sentimentalism（名詞解釋）41. Thomas Gray“Elegy Written in a Coun

14、try Churchyard”（英國(guó)詩(shī)歌里非常著名的一首，曾經(jīng)被譽(yù)為“有史以來(lái)英國(guó)詩(shī)歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓園派詩(shī)人)*GraveyardSchool / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which rang

15、e from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced som

16、e American poets. 42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.43. Thomas Percy“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”許多中古的民謠都是在這個(gè)時(shí)期重新收集和整理起來(lái)的，這個(gè)集子是那個(gè)時(shí)代比較有名的一個(gè)民謠集。44. William Blake比較重要，需要對(duì)主要作品有所了解，特別是Songs of Innocence和 Songs of Experience,

17、這兩本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)也要注意，比如語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)單明了，神秘主義氛圍等。45. Robert Burns偉大的蘇格蘭民族詩(shī)人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名詩(shī)，寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn): Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.Part Five: R

18、omanticism in England46. Romanticism（名詞解釋）要對(duì)浪漫主義興起的時(shí)間，根源，主要特點(diǎn)，主要代表作家都有所了解。47.William Wordsworth要知道他的 “Lyrical Ballads”前言是英國(guó)浪漫主義時(shí)期開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志，也是宣言。Lake Poets（名詞解釋）。他詩(shī)歌的主要兩類題材：nature and common peoples lives。寫(xiě)過(guò)的著名作品：I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey;

19、 The solitary reaper; We are seven等等。48. Samuel Taylor Coleridge兩首名詩(shī)：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan主要寫(xiě)作supernatural題材。49. George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes (名詞解釋);著名作品：Child Harolds Pilgrimage要知道大致內(nèi)容，另外此詩(shī)用Spenserian Stanza寫(xiě)成；Don Juan要知道大致內(nèi)容，及其詩(shī)體attava rima。50. Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品：

20、Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus Unbound（lyrical drama，要知道大致內(nèi)容及此劇與古希臘的“被束縛的普羅米修斯”不同之處及其意義。）其它名作: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark; One word is too often profaned等等。51. John Keats著名作品：Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn”。注意Keats與Byron和Shelley的不同，Keats的詩(shī)歌沒(méi)有兩人那么強(qiáng)的革命性，他

21、的詩(shī)歌主要是為了締造一個(gè)唯美的世界，為了追求美而寫(xiě)作的。52. Charles Lamb：The Essays of Elia (humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)53. Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature; famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe; features of hi

22、s novels (P322)Part Six: English Critical Realism54. Critical Realism批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，要知道它興起的時(shí)間，歷史背景，主要代表人物及主要特點(diǎn)。55. Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers (first novel); Oliver Twist; Dombey and Son; David Copperfield; A Tales of Two Cities等等，對(duì)這些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要對(duì)情節(jié)，主要人物形象，主題及其意義有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小說(shuō)的特色（P362-P363

23、）。56. William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道這個(gè)題目出自John Bunyan的The Pilgrims Progress，另外小說(shuō)的副標(biāo)題 “A novel without a hero”的意思，小說(shuō)的情節(jié)，主題，人物形象都要了解。57. Jane Austen主要作品：Pride and Prejudice其它5部小說(shuō)在書(shū)上372頁(yè)，知道名字即可，對(duì)于傲慢與偏見(jiàn)課本上介紹的不詳細(xì)，可以找其它文學(xué)史書(shū)籍來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單看一下它的情節(jié)和主要人物。Austen的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)：thin plot, mostly everyday life of sim

24、le country society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogues。58. Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre，要知道其情節(jié)和意義，另外簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)的人物形象也比較重要。59. Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights，情節(jié)，人物形象及意義。勃朗特姐妹的小說(shuō)雖然寫(xiě)作在批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期，但其作品有明顯的浪漫主義特色，比如包含的一些supernatural elements，特別體現(xiàn)在呼嘯山莊中。60. Mrs. Gaskell, one of the first English writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous novel: “Mary Barton”.不需要看太詳細(xì)。61. George El