詞匯學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、1. A word is _ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. A.a minimal free form B.a smallest meaningful unit C. an element which can not be further analyzed D. a grammatically minimal form2. Which of the following statements is Not correct? A. A word can be formed by tw

2、o free morphemes B. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme C. A word can be formed by two bound morphemes D. A word can be formed by any two affixes. 3. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _. A. logical B. arbitrary C. inherent D. automatic

3、4. In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds, which shows _.A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established. B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaning C. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of convent

4、ionD. the concepts are not really the same 5. The pronunciation of a language has changed more _ than spelling over the years. A. systematically B. arbitrarily C. logically D. rapidly 1. The Indo-European language family consists of_. A. all the languages in Europe and India B. all the languages in

5、India and some languages in Europe. C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East 2. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be _. A. A highly inflected language. B. A highly developed langu

6、age. C. A very difficult language. D. A language of leveled endings. 3. The Eastern set of Indo-European language family includes such languages as _. A. Polish, Welsh and Hindi B. English, French and Russian C. German, Persian and Irish D. Armenian, Albanian and Bulgarian 4. The Germanic family con

7、sists of the four European languages: _. A. Slovenian, Czech, Romany and Italic B. Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish C. Scottish, Irish, Welsh and Breton D. Portuguese, Italian, English and German 5. _ only made a small contribution to the English vocabulary.A. Latin B. Celtic C. Danish D. Sp

8、anish 6. The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are _. A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking Normans C. Celts D. Jutes 7. English is more closely related to _. A. German than French. B. French than German C. Welsh than German D. Irish than Dutch 8. The most important mode of vocabulary d

9、evelopment in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of _. A. translation-loans B. semantic loans C. word formation D. borrowings 9. Old English vocabulary was in essence _ with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic B. Germanic C. Roman D. Irish

10、 10. English has evolved from _. A. an analytic language to a synthetic language B. a Celtic language to a British language C. analytic language to a less inflectional language D. a synthetic language to an analytic language 1. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is _. Most words can

11、be said to be_. A. prescriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated C. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated 2.Which of the following is incorrect? A. “airmail” means “mail by air” B. “reading-lamp” means “l(fā)amp for reading” C. “green horn” is the horn green in color D. “hopeless” is

12、“without hope” 3. _ explains the connection between the literal sense and triturative sense of the word. A. Etymological motivationB. Onomatopoetic motivation C. Morphological motivationD. Semantic motivation 4. Now people use “pen” for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feature”. This p

13、henomenon can be explained by_ . A. etymological motivationB. onomatopoetic motivation C. morphological motivation D. semantic motivation 5._ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaning C. Associative meaning D. Connotative m

14、eaning 6. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _. A. collocationsB. connotations C. denotationsD. perorations 7. “Domicile, residence, abode, home” are almost the same in conceptual

15、 meaning, but differ mainly in_. A. connotative meaning B. affective meaning C. collocative meaning D. stylistic meaning 8. _ vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture, from generation to generation, from society to society. A. Connotative and affection meanings B. Connotative and

16、collcational meanings C. Affective and collocational meanings D. Affective and stylistic meanings 9. “Pretty and handsome”, “tremble and quiver” differ mainly in their_ meanings. A. affective B. collocativeC. stylisticD. denotative 1.The word“treacle”has the following senses: (1)wild beast; (2)remed

17、y for bites of venomous beasts; (3)antidote for poison or remedy for poison; (4)any effective remedy; (5)(BrE)molasses. What semantic process has“treacle”undergone? A. centralization B. radiation C. concatenationD. narrowing 2.which group of the following are perfect homonyms? A. dear (a loved perso

18、n)deer (a kind of animal) B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank(the edge of the river)bank (an establishment for money business) D. right (correct)write (put down on paper with a pen) 3.The following are the main sources of homonyms except_. A. change in me

19、aning B. change in sound C .change in spelling D. borrowing 4.“Charm and glamour”，“ranch and ran”are two pairs of synonyms resulting from_. A. borrowing B. dialects and regional English C. figurative and euphemistic use of words D. with idiomatic expressions 5.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesita

20、te” and“ be in two minds”are two pairs of synonyms resulting from _.A. coincidence with idiomatic expressions. B. figurative and euphemistic use of words. C. dialects and regional English. D. borrowing 1. The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meanin

21、g is called _. A. Linguistic context B. Grammatical context C. Extra-linguistic context D. Para-linguistic context 2. In a broad sense, extra-linguistic context includes_. A. stress B. time C. intonation D. word order 3. From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper”

22、here is “document”. This shows that the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational 4. The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. The structure in which the word in question appears can be called _D_ cont

23、ext. A. situational B. morphological C. lexical 5. In a narrow sense, context refers to _ in which a word appears. A. the words B clauses C. sentences D. All of the above 6. The extra-linguistic context many extend to embrace _. A. grammatical context B. lexical context C. cultural context D. lingui

24、stic context. 7. In different countries, “trade union” can be interpreted in different ways. This means that _ may have a defining influence on the meaning of an expression. A. linguistic context B. collocation of words C. a compound word or a phrase D. cultural background 8. The words that occur to

25、gether with the word in question are often termed as_. A. grammatical context B. compound words C. lexical context D. situational context 1.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed . A. phonemes B. allomorphs C. morphs D. phones 2. In th

26、e words recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner, re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and -er are . A. prefixes B. suffixes C. free morphemesD. bound morphemes 3. is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to be used in combination with other morphemes to make words. A. Free root

27、B. Bound root C. Morpheme D. Bound morpheme 4. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as . A. morphemes B. derivational morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. suffixes 5. is the basic form of a word, which cant be further analyzed without total loss of i

28、dentity. A. Stem B. Root C. Morpheme D. Affix 6. A may consist of a single morpheme as in iron or of two morphemes as in a compound like handcuff. A. stem, root, root B. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, root D. root, root, stem 1. The new words produced from shortening including clipping and acronyms

29、amount to of all the new words. A. 30% to 40%B. 28% to 30%C. 8% to 10%D. 1% to 5% 2. is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as . A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivation C. derivative, affixationD. affixation,

30、 derivative 3.De-, dis-, un- , in de-compose, disunite, unwrap, are called . A. pejorative prefixesB. negative prefixes C. reservative prefixesD. miscellaneous prefixes 4. Hyper-, macro-, mini-, sub-, super-, ultra-, belong to . A. prefixes of orientationB. prefixes of attitude C. prefixes of degree

31、 or sizeD. prefixes of time and order 5. belong to pejorative prefixes. A. anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-B. auto-, neo-, pan-, vice- C. de-, dis-, un- D. mal-, mis-, pseudo- 6. Pan-European means . A. for EuropeB. against EuropeC. the whole of EuropeD. former Europe 7.Profiteer, engineer, priestess,

32、 kitchenette, booklet are called . A. concrete deverbal nounsB. concrete denominal nouns C. abstract denominal nounsD. abstract deverbal nouns 8. Productivity, happiness, largeness fall into the group of . A. Deverbal nounsB. Denominal nouns C. De-adjectivenounsD. De-adverb nouns 9. belong to deverb

33、al suffixes. A. -able, -iveB. -ly, -wardC. -ate, -en D. -ful, -less, 10. When we use a green hand to mean an inexperienced person, a black horse to mean an unexpected winner, we should read them as . A. a green hand, a black horseB. a green hand, a black horse C. a green hand, a black horseD. a gree

34、n hand, a black horse 11. Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separate elements, for example, . A. hot dog B. red meatC. flower potD. fat head 12. The following can be changed into plural forms by adding inflectional -s directly to their ends, except . A. brother-in-lawB. t

35、hreeyear-oldC. major general D. new-born 13. The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of the combined. A. morphs B. allomorphs C. rootsD. morphemes 14. Which group of the following are the noun compounds acceptable in English? A. breakout, downfall, intake, downslide B. outbreak,

36、 three-leg, outcry, breakthrough C. runaway, hangover, going-over, upbringing D. stockholder, brainstorming, deadline, easy-going 15. Which group of the following are the adjective compounds acceptable in English ? A. far-reachng, forth-coming, air-conditioning, on -going. B. ten-story, five-leg, mo

37、on-walk, wading bind C. deaf-mute, bitter-sweet, one-eyed, air-conditioned D. proof-reading, mass production, warweary, stone-hearted 16. Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class. B. Words mainly involved in convers

38、ion are nouns, verbs and adverbs. C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns. D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress. 17. Which group of the following is partially converted when used as nouns? A. poor, young, aff

39、luent, drunkB. poor, corrupt, rich, affluent C. poor, newly-wed, drinkable, whiteD. white, final, native, liberal 18.“Omnibus, earthquake, discotheque” are replaced by “bus, quake, disco” respectively in the way of . A. conversion B. clipping C. acronymD. backformation 19. Which group of the followi

40、ng are acronyms? A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATO C. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO20. The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are the following except . A. compounding B. affixationC. acronym D. conversion According to the given meaning, Choose t

41、he proper form of the English idiom from the four alternative answers. 1.foreverA. till cows come home B. till the cows come homeC. till bulls come home D. till the bulls come home2.deep in thought A. in a brown study B. in a red study C. in a green study D. in a dark study3.Support only in words, n

42、ot in fact A. mouth service B. lip service C. brain trust D. mind trust4.quite certainly A. sure as egg is egg B. sure as a egg is a egg C. sure as eggs are eggs D. sure as eggs is eggs5.naked A. in the air B. in the open C. in the raw D. in the straw6.something useless and unwanted but big and cost

43、ly A. white elephant B. dark elephant C. white horse D. dark horse7.most important and essential part A. might and main B. bag and baggage C. sum and substance D. part and parcel8.damage from continuous use A. fair and spare B. toil and moil C. wear and tear D. kith and kin9.the member thought to be

44、 a disgrace in the family A. black sheep B. a dark horse C. gray mare D. white elephant10.through all difficulties and troubles A. through high and low B. through thick and thinC .from head to foot D. from start to finish Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose t

45、he best one. 1.Among the following idioms, which one is nominal in nature as far as syntactic function is concerned. A.flesh and blood B.heart and soul C.tooth and nail D.high and low2.Strictly speaking,idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their of individual elements. A.g

46、rammatical meaning B.literal meaning C.deep meaning D.structural meaning3.The structure of an idiom is to a large extent . A.flexible B.changeable C.unchangeable D.none of the above4.Duplication of synonyms is called . A.repetition B.reiteration C.juxtaposition D.metaphor5. refers to idioms in which

47、 the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. A.Euphemism B.Personification C.Synecdoche D Metonymy6.The meaning of the idiom black bottle is . A.poison B.alcoholic drink C.bottle that is black in color D.bottle bought in an illegal way7.What figure of speech is applied in t

48、he following idioms the salt of the earth; snake in the grass. A.personification B.euphemism C.metonymy D.metaphor8.Failure is the mother of success, in the idiom, is used. A.simile B.synecdoche C.personification D.euphemism9.Which of the following idioms means things of little value? A.ways and mea

49、ns B.odds and ends C.bed of dust D.flat tire10.Addition,deletion,replacement,dismembering,etc. are _ . A.lexical manipulation B.rhetorical features C.figures of speech D.variation of idioms11.New brooms sweep clean,wash one dirty linen in public is first used by _ . A.fishermen B.seamen C.farmers D.

50、housewives Say whether the following statements are true or false. T1.Idioms each consist of more than one word, but lots of them function as one word. F2.The meaning of idioms always have logical relationship with the literal meaning of individual words. T3.The constituents of an idiom cannot be ch

51、anged ,not even one article. F4.The structural stability is absolute in actual use. F5.Stylistically speaking,most idioms are either formal or informal. F6.Since each idiom is a semantic whole,each can be replaced by a single word. F7.All the idioms that function as adjectives consist of adjectives.

52、 F8.A large proportion of idioms were first created by working people.AS a result,most of them are now still confined to limited group of people engaged in the same trade or activity. T9.Large numbers of idioms are used in their metaphorical meaning. T10.Both metonymy and synecdoche involve substitu

53、tion of names,yet they differ from each another. T11.The position of certain constituents in some idioms can be shifted without any change in meaning. T12.In some cases,idioms can be broken un into pieces to achieve special effect. T13.Though idioms are peculiar to the native culture and language, many images created by them are expressive, effective and impressive even to foreign learners 1.A dog is called a “dog” because the sound and the three letters that make up the word automatically suggest the animal in question. 2.A word is a smalles