巧記_動詞不定式和動名詞做賓語

1、巧記跟不定式和動名詞做賓語的動詞用法語法體現(xiàn)語言的規(guī)律，學(xué)好英語離不開語法學(xué)習(xí)。其中，動詞的用法是重點， 也是難點。對于謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的用法，學(xué)生普遍感到困難。學(xué)生感到50多個動詞，用法難以掌握，但調(diào)整了書上表格中單詞的排列順序，根據(jù)漢意編寫 順口溜會方便記憶：(一) 跟不定時作賓語的動詞有：打算(intend)計劃(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假裝(pretend)喜歡(would like/love/prefer) 表祝愿(wish)決定(decide)同意(agree)來幫助(help)設(shè)法(manage)說服(persuade)不拒絕(refuse)好像(see

2、m/appear) 答應(yīng)(promise) 做努力(attempt)選擇(choose)詢問(ask)多學(xué)習(xí)(learn)告訴(tell)失敗(fail) 也付得起(afford)不定式賓語要牢記！(二) 跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：考慮(consider )完成(finish )多練習(xí)(practise )避免(avoid )冒險(risk )求建議(suggest/recoomend)面對(face ) 喜歡(enjoy/appreciate) 和介意(mind)允許(allow ) 承認(admit/permit ) 或放棄(give up/abandon)推遲(put off/delay/

3、postphone)逃避(escape)不原諒(excuse/pardon )提及(mention) 堅持(keep/insist on ) 要想象(imagine/fancy ) 還有詞組 feel like 和 can' t stand ！瞧！，我們就這樣快快樂樂地記住了吧！(三) 在動詞 remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require ，stop, mean等后跟動名詞V-和不定式意義不同，巧記一句話(記住努力；后悔忘記；需要 停止；很有意義)，學(xué)習(xí)采用對比法:remember to do somethi ng 記著去做某事(現(xiàn)在

4、還沒有做) remember doing something 記著曾做過某事(以前做過某事)try to do someth ing try doing someth ingstop to do somethi ng stop doing someth ing努力、盡力做某事試著做某事(看能否達到預(yù)期的結(jié)果)開始做某事(停下正在做的事，開始做另一事) 停止做某事(停止正在做的事)regret to do somethi ng對將來做的事感到遺憾、惋惜regret doing someth ing對已經(jīng)做過的事感到后悔mean to do something 打算,想，意圖mean doing

5、something 意味著wan t/require/need to be done某事需要做want/require/needdoing某事需要做（這時動名詞和主語之間有動賓關(guān)系,如:The room n eeds clea ning/n eeds to be clea ned）can' t help to do sth.不能幫助做某事ca n't help doi ng sth.禁不住做某事（四）請牢記在下列固定句式中，動詞用 V-ing式：There is no point argu ing further.再爭辯下去沒有意義。It is no good doi ng t

6、hat.那樣做沒有用。It is no use telling his father about it.告訴他父親那件事沒用。小試牛刀1. The boy decidedin Shan ghai, which made his father a little surprised.A. not to work B. to not work C. not work ing D.work ing not2. Would you mindthe door? Of course not.A. I ope ning B. me to ope n C. for me to ope n D. my ope n

7、ing3. As you know, here, miss ing a bus meansfor ano ther hour.A. wait ingB. to wait C. wait D. to be wait ing4. Shegoing out for a walk, but I' d rather stay at home watching TV.A. wan ted B. asked C. hoped D. suggested5. Sorry. We don ' t allowhere.A. smok ing B. havi ng smoked C. to smoke

8、 D. to be smoked6. In win ter, many ani mals man agewithout eat ing for many mon ths.A. to live B. to have lived C. havi ng lived D. livi ng7. My father in sistedalthough we were very tired.A. walk home B. to walk home C. on walk ing home D. i n walk ing home8. After he had worked several hours, he

9、stoppeda cup of coffee to refreshhimself .A. disturbB. to be disturb C . to be disturbedD. to have disturbedA. to drinkB. drinkingC.drinkD. drank9. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn't liketodayA. to swimB. swimmingC.swimD . to have swim10. I regretyou that the sports meet has

10、 bee n put offA. tellingB. to tellC.tellD . told11. She desires not for an hour一、使役動詞與to的省略當(dāng)不定式用于 let, make, have Let me have ano ther cup of tea. She had him dig away the snow. They made him tell them everythi ng.（五）、不定式省略to的幾種情況to 。如:等使役動詞后作賓語補足語，不定式必須省略 給我再來一杯茶。她讓他把雪挖走。他們強迫他把一切全告訴他們。但是，當(dāng)使役動詞用于被動語

11、態(tài)時，其后的不定式則必須要帶to。如:他被迫一天工作20小時。誤： He was made work twenty hours a day.正: He was made to work twenty hours a day.注意，表示使役意義的let和have很少用于被動語態(tài)。另外注意，force, oblige等雖然也表示“使”，但它們后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須帶to。如：They forced her to sign the paper.他們強迫她在文件上簽字。The law obliged parents to send their childre n to school.法律要求父母

12、送子女上學(xué)。二、感覺動詞與to的省略當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at,listen to等作賓語補足語時，不定式必須省略to。女口：We all felt the house shake.我們都感覺這房子在震動。I heard him go dow n the stairs.我聽見他下樓了。Did you notice her leave the house?她離開屋子你注意到了嗎？I watched her get into the car.我看著她上了車。但是，當(dāng)feel后用作賓語補足語的不定式為to

13、 be時，則不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be un wise.他們都認為這個計劃不明智。注意，當(dāng)這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式前的to不能省略。女口：They were heard to break a glass in the next door.聽見他們在隔壁打破了一個玻璃杯子。另外，若用作賓語補足語的不定式為完成式，則通常應(yīng)帶to。如：I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她來得很早。三、介詞except / but 與to的省略形比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：其前有 do, 如：He likes nothing ex

14、cept to watch TV.It had no effect except to make him angry. There' s little we can do except wait.I could do nothing except agree.當(dāng)不定式用作介詞 except或except的賓語時，該不定式有時帶to，有時不帶to，情 不定式不帶to ;其前沒有do，不定式通常帶to 。除了看電視外，他什么都不喜歡。 除惹他生氣外，沒產(chǎn)生任何效果。除了等待我們沒有什么辦法。我除了同意，沒有別的辦法。四、help與to的省略當(dāng)動詞help后跟一個不定式用作賓語或賓語補足語時

15、，不定式可以不帶to，也可以不帶to。女口： Can you help (to) carry this table upstairs?你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎？I have lost my watch. Will you help me (to) look for it?我把表丟了，你能不能幫我找一下？但是，當(dāng)help用于被動語態(tài)時，其后不定式必須帶to。女口：Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flyi ng.米利被幫助克服了她的飛行恐懼。另外，當(dāng)不定式為否定式時，其中的to通常不宜省略。女口：How can I help my childr

16、e n not to worry about their exams?我怎樣才能幫助我的孩子們不為他們的考試著急呢？五、固定搭配與to的省略1、 Why not.? = Why don't you.?習(xí)慣上接動詞原形，不能接帶to不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞，主要用于表示同意、贊成、勸誘等，其意為“為什么不呢”。女口：Why not go with him? = Why don't you go with him?為什么不和他一起去呢？2、 had better.，最好做某事，女口：You had better stay here.你最好呆在這里。3、 “ would rather+動詞原

17、形”意為“寧愿做某事”。女口：we d rather stay at home.我們寧愿呆在家里。I would rather not tell him.我寧愿不告訴他。4、 prefer+不定式+rather than+動詞原形，其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。女口:I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我寧愿走著去，而不愿坐公共汽車去。He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜歡 讀書而不喜歡看電視。但，prefer+動名詞+to+動名詞，其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。女

18、口：He prefers swimmi ng to ridi ng as a sport.作為一項運動項目，他更喜歡游泳而不是騎馬。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的 prefer前有時也可用 would, should等。如：We would prefer play ing outdoors to watch ing televisi on.我們寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。習(xí)慣上只接動名詞(V+ING作賓語的動詞常用動詞有：admit 承認、advise 建議、allow 允許、appreciate 感激、avoid 避免、consider 考慮delay 推遲、deny否認、discuss 討論、dislike

19、 不喜歡、enjoy喜愛、escape逃脫、 excuse 原諒、fancy設(shè)想、finish 完成、forbid 禁止、forgive 原諒、give up 放棄、imagine 想像、keep 保持、mention 提及、mind 介意、miss 沒趕上、pardon 原諒、permit 允許、practise 練習(xí)、prevent 阻止、prohibit禁止、put off 推遲、report 報告、risk 冒險、stop 停止、suggest 建議、understand 理解等， 這些動詞后面常接動名詞作賓語。另在一些固定搭配中也常接動名詞作賓語。如：1、insist on doin

20、g堅持要做某事。如：He in sisted on doi ng it by himself.他堅持要一個人做。2、 have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 相當(dāng)，意為"在做某事方面有困難、麻煩”。 如：She has difficulty/trouble (in) learni ng maths well.她學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)有困難。3、 be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事。如：They are busy (in) doi ng with the trouble.他們正在忙于處理那個問題?！镜湫陀梅▽嵗縄 advise wai

21、t ing a few more days.我建議再等幾天。They avoided men ti oning that n ame.他們避免提至 U那個名字。He de nied havi ng bee n there.他否認到過那里。He disliked be ing laughed at.他不喜歡別人笑他。I ' ve enjoyed seeing you and talking about old times.我見至M爾一起談往事非常高興。We don' t allow (permit) smoki ng on this pla ne.在這架飛機上我們不允許抽煙。I

22、admit break ing the win dow.我承認窗子是我打破的。Try to imagi ne being on the moon.設(shè)法想像你是在月球上。He made a New Year' s resolution to give up smoking.他下了新年決心要戒煙。They risked losi ng everyth in g.他們冒失去一切的危險。He tried to escape bei ng puni shed.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。You shouldn ' t keep thinking about it.你不應(yīng)老想著這事。Would you

23、 mi nd goi ng with her?你可否同她一起去 ？I can' t understand neglectingchildren like that.對孩子那樣毫不經(jīng)心，我不能理解。We only missed see ing each other by five minu tes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。I suggest doi ng it in a differe nt way.我建議以另一種方法做這事。I put off writ ing from day to day.我日復(fù)一日地推遲寫它?！編c用法說明】(1)有的動詞后接動名詞作賓語時通常帶有邏輯主語：T

24、he rain preve nted his coming.下雨使他不能來。Excuse my ope ning your letter by mistake.原諒我不慎把你的信拆開。 有的動詞(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語，但 可接不定式作賓語補足語：He advised buying a computer.他建議買臺電腦。He advised her to buy a computer. 他建議她買臺電腦。(3)有些動詞(如consider, understand, discuss等)雖不接不定式作賓語，卻可接"疑問

25、詞+不定式”作賓語：Have you con sidered how to get there?你是否考慮過如何到那兒去？She doesn' t understand how to look after him.她不知道應(yīng)如何照顧他。We discussed what to do and where we should go.我們討論了該怎么辦及到哪里去。習(xí)慣上接不定式作賓語的動詞通常只接不定式(而不是動名詞)作賓語的動詞有：afford負擔(dān)得起、agree同意、arrange 安排、ask要求、care想要、choose決定、decide決定、dema nd要求、determine

26、決心、expect期待、fail 未能、help幫助、hesitate 猶豫、hope希望、long 渴望、man age 設(shè)法、offer 主動提出、pla n 計劃、prepare 準備、prete nd 假裝、promise 答應(yīng)、refuse拒絕、want想要、wish希望等。如：I can ' t afford to buy a car.我買不起汽車。She refused to help me. 她不肯幫助我。He agreed to come over right away.他同意馬上就來。He man aged to avoid an accide nt.他設(shè)法避免了一

27、次事故。The boy decided n ot to become a sailor.那孩子決定將來不當(dāng)水手。He chose not to go abroad un til later.他決定晚點出國。He prete nded not to kn ow the facts.他佯裝不知實情。v+sb to do sth 用法通?？蓭Р欢ㄊ阶髻e語補足語的動詞有advise建議，allow 允許，ask要求、叫，bear忍 受,beg 請求,cause 弓 I起,commanc命令,encourage 鼓勵,expect 期待,forbid 原諒,force 強迫，get使,hate 討厭，h

28、elp 幫助，intend 打算，invite 邀請,leave 離開，need需要， oblige 逼迫、責(zé)成,order 命令,permit 準許、允許,persuade 說服,prefer 寧愿,request 要求，remi nd 提醒，teach 教，tell 告訴，trouble 麻煩，wa nt想要，warn 警告，wish 希 望、hope希望等：He didn ' t allow the students to go there.他沒讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸e ordered the work to be started at on ce.他命令馬上開始工作。He forb

29、ade me to use his car.他不準我用他的小車。The doctor warned him n ot to smoke.醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。My pare nts en couraged me to study abroad.I tried to persuade him to leave, but he would n 注意：promise sb to do sth該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式的邏輯主語不是其前的賓語父母鼓勵我出國留學(xué)。't listen.我想勸他離開，可他不聽。sb，而是句子主語，所以嚴格說來，此句中的不定式不是賓語補足語，如He promised me to

30、go.的意思是"他答應(yīng)我他去”，而不是“他答應(yīng)讓我去”專題練習(xí)：1、 The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding2、The old man,abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked3、 My advisor

31、encourageda summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take4、 in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had lefthis wallet at home.To wait B. Have waited C. Havi ng waited D. To have waited5、Having bee n ill in bed for n early a mon th, he had a hard timethe exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passedD. Passing6、 According to a recent U. S. survey, childrenspend up to 25 hours a weekTV.A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. Watc