物流車輛智能調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)概要

1、2009機(jī)電工程技術(shù)年第38卷第08期物流車輛智能調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)賴順橋，肖熠琳(廣州市光機(jī)電技術(shù)研究院廣東省現(xiàn)代控制與光機(jī)電技術(shù)公共實(shí)驗(yàn)室，廣東廣州510663山.可以彌補(bǔ)企業(yè)a避 山。可以彌林企能依期,產(chǎn)方式的要求.提滯企 .產(chǎn)方式的翌求.提湍他收稿日期:2009-04-15，探討了系統(tǒng)的工作原理，更好地滿足企業(yè)JIT (Just In Time工廠智能系統(tǒng)文獻(xiàn) 標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B文章編號(hào):1009-9492(200908-0019-031引言現(xiàn)代物流不僅要考慮從生產(chǎn)者到消費(fèi)者的貨物配送問(wèn)題，還要考慮從供應(yīng)商到 生產(chǎn)者對(duì)原材料的采購(gòu)，以及生產(chǎn)者本身在產(chǎn)品制造過(guò)程中的運(yùn)輸、保管和信息等 各個(gè)方面,從而全

2、面地、綜合性地提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和效率。中國(guó)加入 WTO后,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā) 展正面臨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)大融合的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)，在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境下，各企業(yè)紛紛實(shí)行供應(yīng) 商管理庫(kù)存(VMI、JIT (Just in time即時(shí)采購(gòu)等先進(jìn)的供應(yīng)鏈管理，在生產(chǎn)方式上紛紛采用先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)管理方式一一準(zhǔn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)方式(JIT生產(chǎn)。這些先進(jìn)管理方式的主要 目的都是為企業(yè)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn) 零庫(kù)存”。然而，絕大部分的企業(yè)和工廠都忽視了一個(gè)重 要環(huán)節(jié) 材料裝卸貨環(huán)節(jié)(當(dāng)材料從供應(yīng)商出廠送到企業(yè)生產(chǎn)線上，必須經(jīng)過(guò)裝卸 貨，仍舊采用人工調(diào)度呼叫的管理方式。人工調(diào)度的方式大致如下：(1運(yùn)貨車輛到調(diào)度室用登記表登記；(2調(diào)度員通過(guò)對(duì)講機(jī)詢問(wèn)在卸貨區(qū)的工作人員是

3、否可以調(diào)度該車輛進(jìn)入卸貨 區(qū)，如果不可以，則叫該車到 待車區(qū)”等工作人員通知；(3得到卸貨許可后，調(diào)度員要去 待車區(qū)”尋找該車輛進(jìn)入卸貨區(qū)卸貨。這種方式存在著出錯(cuò)概率大、 效率低、易出現(xiàn)堵車、用工成本高等缺陷。本文介紹一套滿足現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)需求的物流車輛智能調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng) 徹底解決人 工調(diào)度方式存在的種種不足，實(shí)現(xiàn)貨車全自動(dòng)、智能調(diào)度呼叫的管理方式，大大提高 貨場(chǎng)車位的使用周轉(zhuǎn)速度，減輕了人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高了卸貨效率，確保工廠外圍送貨 車輛順暢有序運(yùn)作，從而大大地提高當(dāng)前工廠物流的效率，對(duì)企業(yè)的增產(chǎn)和增收起著積極的作用。2系統(tǒng)組成與工作原理2.1 系統(tǒng)組成系統(tǒng)組成如圖1所示。硬件系統(tǒng)主要包括計(jì)算機(jī)系

4、統(tǒng)、傳感器及信號(hào)采集系 統(tǒng)、通訊系統(tǒng)、LED顯示系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)音廣播系統(tǒng)、電源系統(tǒng)等；軟件系統(tǒng)主要包括數(shù) 據(jù)采集模塊、無(wú)線通訊模塊、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模塊、調(diào)度算法模塊、指揮室車輛登記模塊、 參數(shù)設(shè)置模塊、查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)模塊、打印模塊、LED顯示模塊、語(yǔ)音播放模塊、待車超時(shí)提示模塊、卸貨超時(shí)報(bào)警模塊及上位機(jī)界面設(shè)計(jì)模塊等。2.2 工作原理首先，每一個(gè)車位對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)車位狀態(tài)控制箱，即感應(yīng)式IC車位卡控制箱，能夠?qū)?時(shí)監(jiān)控該車位的使用情況。所有的車位狀態(tài)控制箱都通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接到服務(wù)器 ， 服務(wù)器中的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)同步記錄了車位的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。當(dāng)貨車到達(dá)廠區(qū)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)入時(shí)，由指揮室將車牌號(hào)碼等信息錄入前臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。計(jì) 算機(jī)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)發(fā)

5、送登記信息并訪問(wèn)服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)自動(dòng)查詢和檢索，獲得該車對(duì)應(yīng)卸貨的區(qū)域和可卸貨的車位、相關(guān)車位狀態(tài)等信息。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)這些信息，按預(yù)設(shè)的調(diào)度規(guī)則給出指令，提示該車能否立即進(jìn)入相關(guān)的卸貨區(qū)域卸貨，如果不能， 該車暫時(shí)在待車區(qū)等候。在待車區(qū)設(shè)有高亮度LED顯示屏和高音喇叭。當(dāng)卸貨車位空閑時(shí)，服務(wù)器根據(jù) 系統(tǒng)調(diào)度策略，自動(dòng)選中待車區(qū)制造業(yè)信息化2009機(jī)電工程技術(shù)年第38卷第08期圖1系統(tǒng)組成示意圖的某貨車，負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)度呼叫的計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)將調(diào)度信息發(fā)送到待車區(qū)的室 外高亮度LED顯示屏，同時(shí)通過(guò)高音喇叭同步呼叫提示該貨車進(jìn)入相應(yīng)車位卸貨。當(dāng)貨車進(jìn)入卸貨車位進(jìn)行卸貨時(shí)，車位上的傳感器感應(yīng)到有車，對(duì)應(yīng)的

6、車位狀態(tài) 控制箱上紅色指示燈亮，表示該車位忙。在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)司機(jī)必須先將IC卡插入該車位對(duì)應(yīng)的車位狀態(tài)控制箱的IC卡插卡槽內(nèi)，如果插入的IC卡未得到驗(yàn)證（IC卡內(nèi) 的信息與控制箱上顯示的信息不同或者超出了規(guī)定的時(shí)間未插卡，系統(tǒng)會(huì)認(rèn)為有異 常情況發(fā)生（該車停錯(cuò)車位等，從而發(fā)出警報(bào)聲提示工作人員干預(yù)；如果插入卡槽的 IC卡通過(guò)驗(yàn)證，服務(wù)器立即采集到該信息并更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。當(dāng)卸貨時(shí)間超出預(yù)設(shè)時(shí)間 時(shí)，車位狀態(tài)控制箱上該車位紅色超時(shí)報(bào)警指示燈閃亮，蜂鳴器鳴響直至卸貨完畢離 開或手動(dòng)按鍵停止鳴響。當(dāng)卸貨完畢后，將IC卡從IC卡插卡槽內(nèi)拔出，司機(jī)把車開 走，車位上的傳感器感應(yīng)到已沒(méi)車，則控制箱上對(duì)應(yīng)綠色指示燈

7、亮，紅色指示燈滅，表示 該車位空閑，同時(shí)服務(wù)器立即采集到該信息并更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。如果IC卡拔出后，規(guī)定時(shí) 間內(nèi)司機(jī)沒(méi)把車開走，系統(tǒng)同樣會(huì)認(rèn)為有異常情況發(fā)生，從而發(fā)出警報(bào)聲提示工作人 員干預(yù)。貨車離開廠區(qū)前將IC卡交給保安或其他工作人員。對(duì)于以上發(fā)生的警報(bào) , 指揮室計(jì)算機(jī)均能及時(shí)作出相應(yīng)的提示，提醒調(diào)度員通過(guò)電話等手段進(jìn)行管理。3軟件設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)的物流車輛智能調(diào)度系統(tǒng)軟件模塊流程圖如圖2所示。下面對(duì)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)模塊作簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明：(1車位狀態(tài)采集模塊，本模塊主要負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控和采集車位狀態(tài)(有車或無(wú)車，并將此 車位狀態(tài)信息發(fā)送到上位機(jī)服務(wù)器(PC機(jī)；(2無(wú)線通信模塊，本模塊主要負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)送車位狀態(tài)、車牌號(hào)碼、系統(tǒng)控

8、制指令等 數(shù)據(jù)；(3數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模塊，本模塊是系統(tǒng)的核心模塊之一，是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)中心，存儲(chǔ)和記 錄整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)；(4查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)模塊，本模塊用于查詢和統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)管理員需要的信息，如車位使用效 率、調(diào)度效率、當(dāng)前某車輛狀態(tài)，同時(shí)更改車輛優(yōu)先級(jí)，處理緊急調(diào)度等；(5結(jié)果輸出模塊，本模塊主要負(fù)責(zé)打印查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)的結(jié)果；制造業(yè)信息化2009機(jī)電工程技術(shù)年第38卷第08期(6參數(shù)設(shè)置模塊，本模塊用于設(shè)置各種系統(tǒng)參數(shù)，如待車超時(shí)時(shí)間、卸貨超時(shí)時(shí) 問(wèn)、LED屏顯示及語(yǔ)音廣播方式等等；(7登記錄入模塊，本模塊主要負(fù)責(zé)登記車輛車牌號(hào)碼、優(yōu)先級(jí)等信息；(8系統(tǒng)調(diào)度處理模塊，本模塊是系統(tǒng)的核心模塊之一，主要負(fù)責(zé)處理各個(gè)模塊

9、運(yùn) 行所需的數(shù)據(jù)；(9卸貨超時(shí)報(bào)警管理，本模塊負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控已在卸貨車輛的卸貨時(shí)間是否超時(shí)”當(dāng)超時(shí)”則發(fā)出報(bào)警信號(hào)；(10待車超時(shí)提示管理，本模塊負(fù)責(zé)提示管理員去了解情況：某車輛已經(jīng)分配”車 位給其卸貨,但它未能及時(shí)到達(dá)車位卸貨(待車超時(shí)，如果車輛嚴(yán)重 超時(shí)”那么它的調(diào) 度將被取消，調(diào)度下一輛車進(jìn)入卸貨區(qū)卸貨；(11屏幕控制模塊，本模塊負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的參數(shù)顯示播報(bào)分配”狀態(tài)的車輛到卸貨區(qū)卸貨；(12語(yǔ)音處理模塊，本模塊負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的參數(shù)語(yǔ)音播報(bào)分配”狀態(tài)的車輛到卸貨區(qū)卸貨，實(shí)現(xiàn)屏幕和語(yǔ)音同步播報(bào)；(13故障檢測(cè)模塊，本模塊負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控各個(gè)車位狀態(tài)控制箱等的運(yùn)行情況 ，當(dāng)有故 障發(fā)生時(shí)提示管理員作相

10、應(yīng)的處理；(14其他模塊，如:登錄模塊(調(diào)度員登錄系統(tǒng)、退出模塊、遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信模塊等其他功能模塊。4結(jié)束語(yǔ)物流在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。隨著我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力水平的提高，以整合交通運(yùn)輸、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、配送等環(huán)節(jié)一體化為目標(biāo)，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)與社會(huì)成本最低、效益最大的物流業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)一起被人們當(dāng)成新經(jīng)濟(jì)”的重要內(nèi)容，被廣泛地稱作第三利潤(rùn)源泉?，F(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)彳艮大程度上是流通效率的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。特別是從制造業(yè)的再生產(chǎn)過(guò)程來(lái)看，產(chǎn)品處在制造環(huán)節(jié)的時(shí)間越來(lái)越短，而絕大多數(shù)時(shí)間處在流通環(huán)節(jié)，大約占85%90%左右。因此，流通速度和效率的高低決定著一個(gè)企業(yè)、一個(gè)行業(yè)甚至一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和速度的高低。同時(shí) ， 流通還具有降

11、低全社會(huì)的交易成本、優(yōu)化資源配置的重要作用。本系統(tǒng)主要用于企 業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要環(huán)節(jié)一材料裝卸貨環(huán)節(jié)，以提高企業(yè)物流管理水平，降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本。通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間白運(yùn)行調(diào)試，目前該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在某企業(yè)得到了很好應(yīng)用，對(duì)企業(yè)的增 產(chǎn)和增收發(fā)揮了積極的作用。相信隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益激烈，自動(dòng)化、信息化的日益發(fā)展及土地資源的日益緊缺等客觀因素影響，物流車輛智能調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)將會(huì)得 到企業(yè)和工廠的廣泛應(yīng)用。參考文獻(xiàn)：1馮耕中.物流信息系統(tǒng)M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009.2曹衍龍.Visual Basic系統(tǒng)開發(fā)實(shí)例精粹M.北京:人民郵電出版社,2005.3王豐現(xiàn)代物流配送管理M.北京:首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社,2008.

12、第一作者簡(jiǎn)介：賴順橋，男,1981年生，廣西陽(yáng)朔人，大學(xué)本科，助理工程師。研究領(lǐng) 域:電子信息方向。（編輯:吳智恒圖2物流車輛智能調(diào)度系統(tǒng)軟件模塊流程圖制造業(yè)信息化Abstracts09-08-13 Design of Injection Mould for DVD Door Panel Based on CAETechnology09-08-24 Computer Management of Mechanical Manufacturing IQC09-08-26 Hardware-in-Loop Simulation Research of Brake Performance ofElec

13、troMechanical Braking System09-08-16 The Numerical Simulation of Process in Laser Drilling09-08-29 Simulation System Design of Four Bar Linkage Mechanism09-08-19 Intelligent Scheduling Automotive Logistics Management System09-08-32 Cooperative Design of Automotive Electronics Product Based on TopDow

14、n09-08-22 Construct Cooperative Design Terrace Based on Unitive ThreeDimensional Digital Model09-08-35 Research of the Control Scheme of a Wide Format Ink-jet Printer's Ziche- Servo-Motorprimary enterprises.Key words: dynamic enterprise modeling; Internet; cooperative 121design; terraceHUANG Gui

15、-jian , HONG Jian-ming , LIANG Xiong , WU 33Xiao-yu , LI Ji-bin PENG Chong-jie Abstract: By analyzing the flow of Incoming Quality Control in Abstract: The structural feature and forming technology of the mechanical manufacturing company, the method setting up the DVD door panel were analyzed. By us

16、ing Moldflow/MPI computer management system of IQC is put forward.software, the feed system of the mould was ascertained. The Key words: IQC; ERP; quality management; PDCA; continual angle pin core-pulling mechanism was adopted and the improvementmechanism set inside the core-pulling slide preventin

17、g the plastic parts from adhering to the side core of the mould was designed, so the smooth demoulding of the plastic parts was realized. The structure of the injection mould and working process were discussed. The mould was already in mass production and the 12LIAO Jun-bo , WANGJun plastic parts co

18、uld meet the customers' technical requirements.Key words: CAE; injection mould; feed system; core-pulling; slide; demouldingAbstract: ElectroMechanical braking system (EMB is a new type of braking, this paper set up the hardware-in-loop simulation platform for EMB, and did the brake performance

19、simulation of EMB with/without ABS control algorithm, and ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Qing-mao then analyzed the result compare with the requirement of national standard.Abstract: For the purpose of depicting the morphology of the Key words: ElectroMechanical braking; EMB; brake holes and the rule of temperatu

20、re field during Nd:YAG laser performance; hardware-in loop-simulationdrilling, a three-dimensional physical model of laser drilling has been made. Programmed by APDL, the load of Gauss laser heat flux is imposed on the area of laser drilling, the temperature field of Nd:YAG laser drilling is simulat

21、ed and calculated by ANSYS WANG Wen-ming, ZENG Cong-min, GAO Ying-minsoftware, and the result shows that the morphology of the holes are conical, and the highest temperature is about 5.617103 c at the spot and the temperature declines gradually along the radius Abstract: The mathematic model of four

22、 bar linkage mechanism with the center of the spot. Compared with the actual drilling is constructed by means of complex vector, and the trajectory, results, we find that simulation results and experimental results displacement, velocity and acceleration of the four bar are coinciding.mechanism have

23、 been analyzed . At the same time, based on VB, Key words:ANSYS; laser drilling; temperature field; numerical the simulation system of four bar linkage mechanism is simulationestablished. This study may provide a method for the design and application of four bar linkage mechanism.Key words: computer

24、 application; four bar linkage mechanism; simulation systemLAI Shun-qiao Abstract: In order to solve the problems of the artificial scheduling call management in logistics enterprises vehicle ZHANG Yong-bo, MU Bin, ZHONG Jin-jin scheduling, and meet the requirements of the JIT (Just in Time producti

25、on modes better, the paper introduces a logistics vehicle Abstract: Aiming at the shortage and application problem of the intelligent scheduling management system. The working skeleton used Top-Down design, a technology of Top-Down principle of the system is discussed, and the hardware and design ba

26、sed on the skeleton and the layout is put forward. software are designed. It can improve production efficiency and Combine with the concurrent engineering and cooperative design management level.of an automotive electronics, the building and issuance of the Key words: automotive logistics; schedulin

27、g management; product control construction and the transfer of the restructure factory intelligent systemsinformation is summarized and discussed.Key words: Top-Down; cooperative design; layout; automotive electronicsCAO Bing1121Abstract: There are more than 900 enterprises in Deyang, which LIAO Qia

28、ng , YAN Wei , XIA Yang , XIE Qian-taois an important technology and equipment manufacturing base of China. But the enormous discrepancy in the technical level of numerous enterprises restricts the development of whole heavy Abstract: Choosing S12 single chip microcomputer as the core technical equi

29、p base. Construct technical indraught terrace, to realize a new kind of rare earth brushless DC motor system, technical cooperative terrace and public design terrace consisting the hardware and software design are offered. The system is of enterprise public portal, by cooperative design system based

30、 simplified and control efficiency is enhanced without special on unitive three-dimensional digital model, cooperative manage control chip. Application of optical coupler ensured the correctly system of ASP and internet website of enterprise cooperative transmitted the signal. Incremental PID algori

31、thm is used in the portal. Construct the bridge between primary and subordinate motor speed-control, the electric current and velocity double enterprises. The subordinate enterprises share in talent, technical closed-loop control is also used to enhance the motor's stability.resource, tester and so on, improving their capability of serving(1. College of Mechatronic