中西方餐桌禮儀的差異

1、中西方餐桌禮儀的差異不少人在吃西餐時(shí)，都會(huì)擔(dān)心“失禮” 。其實(shí)，所謂餐桌禮儀是為了讓餐膳可以不受阻礙和破壞，而得以順利流暢地進(jìn)行的實(shí)用守則。謹(jǐn)記“整齊、清潔和保持安靜”三項(xiàng)原則便可無往而不利。一、宴會(huì)禮儀（ 1）在當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀赴宴時(shí)， 你對(duì)同桌進(jìn)餐的人和餐桌上的談話， 大概要比對(duì)飲食要更感興趣。因此進(jìn)餐時(shí)，應(yīng)該盡可能地少一些聲響，少一些動(dòng)作。（ 2）女主人一拿起餐巾時(shí)，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。有時(shí)餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那樣的話就把它取也，放在旁邊的小碟上。（ 3）餐巾如果很大，就雙疊著放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打開。千萬別將餐巾別在領(lǐng)上或背心上， 也不要在手中亂揉。可以用餐巾的一角

2、擦去嘴上或手指上的油漬或臟物。千萬別用它來擦刀叉或碗碟。（ 4）正餐通常從湯開始。在你座前最大的一把匙就是湯匙，它就在你的右邊的盤子旁邊。不要錯(cuò)用放在桌子中間的那把匙子，因?yàn)槟强赡苁侨∈卟丝晒u用的。（ 5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才開始。她不會(huì)像中國(guó)習(xí)慣那樣，請(qǐng)你先吃。當(dāng)她拿起匙或叉時(shí)，那就意味著大家也可以那樣做了。（ 6）如果有魚這道菜的話，它多半在湯以后送上，桌上可能有魚的一把專用叉子，它也可能與吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，總之，魚叉放在肉叉的外側(cè)離盤較遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)。（ 7）通常在魚上桌之前，魚骨早就剔凈了，如果你吃的那塊魚

3、還有刺的話，你可以左手拿著面包卷，或一塊面包，右手拿著刀子，把刺撥開。（ 8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就應(yīng)悄悄地，盡可能不引起注意地用手指將它取出，放在盤子邊沿上，別放在桌上，或扔在地下。此外，我對(duì)法國(guó)餐桌禮儀的忌諱有些了解，如后：二、法國(guó)餐桌禮儀七忌答應(yīng)對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)后如果臨時(shí)有事要遲到甚至取消約會(huì)， 必須事先通知對(duì)方。 赴會(huì)時(shí)稍遲是可以接受的，但若超過 15 分鐘便會(huì)給對(duì)方不重視約會(huì)的壞印象。在點(diǎn)菜時(shí)自己應(yīng)選定想吃的食物，如果看遍菜牌也沒有頭緒的話， 可請(qǐng)侍應(yīng)為你推薦餐廳的招牌菜， 但要給明確的表示，如想吃海鮮、不吃紅肉等，切記事事拿不定主意，只懂說“是但(隨便也罷 )”的人只會(huì)為同臺(tái)客人添加麻煩

4、。用餐要注意的細(xì)節(jié)甚多，但其實(shí)大部分也是日常的禮儀，只要保持冷靜，不做大動(dòng)作，不出聲響或阻礙別人用餐的話已算合格。1、使用餐具最基本的原則是由外至內(nèi)，完成一道菜后侍奉收去該份餐具，按需要或會(huì)補(bǔ)上另一套刀叉。2、吃肉類時(shí) (如牛扒 )應(yīng)從角落開始切，吃完一塊再切下一塊。遇到不吃的部分或配菜，只需將它移到碟邊。3、如嘴里有東西要吐出來，應(yīng)將叉子遞到嘴邊接出，或以手指取出，再移到碟子邊沿。整個(gè)過程要盡量不要引別人注意，之后自然地用餐便可。4、遇到豆類或飯一類的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上，叉尖向上，再以刀子將豆類或飯輕撥到叉子上便可。 若需要調(diào)味料但伸手又取不到， 可要求對(duì)方遞給你， 千萬不要站起來俯

5、前去取。5、吃完抹手抹嘴切忌用餐巾大力擦，注意儀態(tài)用餐巾的一角輕輕印去嘴上或手指上的油漬便可。6、就算凳子多舒服，坐姿都應(yīng)該保持正直，不要靠在椅背上面。進(jìn)食時(shí)身體可略向前靠，兩臂應(yīng)緊貼身體，以免撞到隔壁。7、吃完每碟菜之后，如將刀叉四邊放，又或者打交叉亂放，非常難看。正確方法是將刀叉并排放在碟上，叉齒朝上。中西方餐桌禮儀差異內(nèi)容預(yù)覽：中西方餐桌禮儀的差異是很多的。不少人在吃西餐時(shí)，都會(huì)擔(dān)心“失禮”。其實(shí)，所謂餐桌禮儀是為了讓餐膳可以不受阻礙和破壞，而得以順利流暢地進(jìn)行的實(shí)用守則。謹(jǐn)記“整齊、清潔和保持安靜”三項(xiàng)原則便可無往而不利。一、宴會(huì)禮儀（ 1）在當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀赴宴時(shí)，你對(duì)同桌進(jìn)餐的人和餐桌上的

6、談話，大概要比對(duì)飲食要更感興趣。因此進(jìn)餐時(shí)， 應(yīng)該盡可能地少一些聲響，少一些動(dòng)作。（ 2）女主人一拿起餐巾時(shí)，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。有時(shí)餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那樣的話就把它取也，放在旁邊的小碟上。（3）餐巾如果很大， 就雙疊著放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打開。千萬別將餐巾別在領(lǐng)上或背心上，也不要在手中亂揉。 可以用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油漬或臟物。千萬別用它來擦刀叉或碗碟。 （ 4）正餐通常從湯開始。在你座前最大的一把匙就是湯匙，它就在你的右邊的盤子旁邊。 不要錯(cuò)用放在桌子中間的那把匙子，因?yàn)槟强赡苁侨∈卟丝晒u用的。（ 5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任

7、何一道菜。女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才開始。她不會(huì)像中國(guó)習(xí)慣那樣，請(qǐng)你先吃。 當(dāng)她拿起匙或叉時(shí)，那就意味著大家也可以那樣做了。（ 6）如果有魚這道菜的話，它多半在湯以后送上，桌上可能有魚的一把專用叉子，它也可能與吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，總之，魚叉放在肉叉的外側(cè)離盤較遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)。 （ 7）通常在魚上桌之前，魚骨早就剔凈了，如果你吃的那塊魚還有刺的話，你可以左手拿著面包卷，或一塊面包，右手拿著刀子，把刺撥開。（ 8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就應(yīng)悄悄地，盡可能不引起注意地用手指將它取出，放在盤子邊沿上，別放在桌上，或扔在地下。 此外，我中西方餐桌禮儀差異 , 中西方餐桌禮儀差異不引起注意地用

8、手指將它取出，放在盤子邊沿上， 別放在桌上， 或扔在地下。 此外，我對(duì)法國(guó)餐桌禮儀的忌諱有些了解，如后：二、法國(guó)餐桌禮儀七忌答應(yīng)對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)后如果臨時(shí)有事要遲到甚至取消約會(huì)，必須事先通知對(duì)方。 赴會(huì)時(shí)稍遲是可以接受的，但若超過 15 分鐘便會(huì)給對(duì)方不重視約會(huì)的壞印象。在點(diǎn)菜時(shí)自己應(yīng)選定想吃的食物，如果看遍菜牌也沒有頭緒的話，可請(qǐng)侍應(yīng)為你推薦餐廳的招牌菜，但要給明確的表示，如想吃海鮮、不吃紅肉等，切記事事拿不定主意，只懂說“是但(隨便也罷 )”的人只會(huì)為同臺(tái)客人添加麻煩。用餐要注意的細(xì)節(jié)甚多，但其實(shí)大部分也是日常的禮儀，只要保持冷靜，不做大動(dòng)作， 不出聲響或阻礙別人用餐的話已算合格。1、使用餐具最

9、基本的原則是由外至內(nèi)，完成一道菜后侍奉收去該份餐具，按需要或會(huì)補(bǔ)上另一套刀叉。2、吃肉類時(shí) (如牛扒 )應(yīng)從角落開始切，吃完一塊再切下一塊。遇到不吃的部分或配菜，只需將它移到碟邊。3、如嘴里有東西要吐出來， 應(yīng)將叉子遞到嘴邊接出， 或以手指取出， 再移到碟子邊沿。整個(gè)過程要盡量不要引別人注意，之后自然地用餐便可。4、遇到豆類或飯一類的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上， 叉尖向上， 再以刀子將豆類或飯輕撥到叉子上便可。若需要調(diào)味料但伸手又取不到，可要求對(duì)方遞給你，千萬不要站起來俯前去取。5、吃完抹手抹嘴切忌用餐巾大力擦，注意儀態(tài)用餐巾的一角輕輕印去嘴上或手指上的油漬便可。6、就算凳子多舒服， 坐姿都應(yīng)

10、該保持正直，不要靠在椅背上面。進(jìn)食時(shí)身體可略向前靠，兩臂應(yīng)緊貼身體，以免撞到隔壁。 7、吃完每碟菜之后，如將刀叉四邊放，又或者打交叉亂放，非常難看。正確方法是將刀叉并排放在碟上，叉齒朝上。The differences between Chinese and western table mannersMany people eat western food, would worry "rude". In fact, the so-called table manners is to let meal and can not be hindered and damaged,

11、and smoothly and fluency of the code of practice. Remember "neat, clean and keep quiet" three principles will be adverse anyway. A, banquet etiquette (1) in when you were invited to the party, you sit at the same table the dinner and table talk, probably more than diet are interested in. S

12、o as far as possible, should eat less noise, less action. (2) the hostess a took the napkin, you can take your napkin, on the leg. Sometimes napkin package is a little bread; If that is the case will get it in a nearby, also XiaoDie. (3) if a napkin, double of overlapping in the leg; If small, all o

13、pen. 10 million don't will bring on a napkin don't or vest, and don't hand in a massage. Can use the napkin to wipe the corner of the mouth or finger the oil or dirt. 10 million don't use it to wipe the silver or China. (4) dinner usually start from soup. In one of the largest before

14、 you a spoon is spoon, and it'll be on your right hand side of the plate.Don't wrong in the middle of the table with the spoon, because that may be taken to jam the vegetables with. (5) in the hostess takes up her a spoon or a fork, shall not eat any guests before a dish. The hostess usually

15、 wait until every guest get food begins after. She won't like China, would you please get used to that eat first. When she took the key or fork, it means that you can also do that. (6) if there is a fish, it is this dish mostly in soup on the table after the fish, may have a special fork, it may

16、 also meat forks, usually small some similar, in short, harpoon on the outside of the meat forks from dish the far side. (7) usually serve in fish, fish bone early before picking clean,if you eat a piece of fish and stab the words and left with a bread roll, or a piece of bread, the right hand holdi

17、ng a knife through thorn. (8) if mouth a thorn, should, as far as possible don't pay attention to quietly with his fingers it out, put them in the plate edge, don't put on the table, or throwing in the ground. In addition, I of France table manners, such as some knowledge taboo: two, France

18、after table manners seven avoid promised to each other's invitation if temporary have something to be late or even cancel the appointment, must notify the other party. When some of the later is acceptable, but if more than 15 minutes will give each other do not take the date of bad impression. O

19、rder should be selected in his favorite foods, if look through the food card also have no idea of words, but please recommend restaurant waitress the signature dish, but will give made it clear that, if want to eat seafood, don't eat red meat, remember that everything had no idea, only knows how

20、 to say "is but (literally) or" will only add to the trouble with. Dinner should pay attention to the details of what actually is, but most of the etiquette, as long as the daily remain calm, don't do big action, don't make a noise or hinder others words is qualified meal. 1, use t

21、he most basic principle is tableware from outside to inside, complete a dish is to serve the table for this, according to need or will make up another set of knives and forks. 2, eat meat (such as when steak) should start cutting corners, finished one to cut a piece. Meet do not eat or part of dishe

22、s, need to move it to disk edge. 3, such as his mouth have anything to spit it out, should be handed over to pick up a fork mouth, or to take out, then move to finger edge of the plate. The entireprocess will try not to lead others note that after dinner will naturally. 4, meet beans or rice kind of

23、dishes, can be left hand to hold the fork on disk, the fork pointed up, again with a knife will beansor rice light dial on the fork and to. If need seasoning but stretched out his hand and took less than,can ask the other side to you, 10 million don't stand up prone to take. 5, finished with han

24、d wipehis mouth with the napkin of avoid by all means to brush, pay attention to and use the napkin thecorner of the mouth or finger print to gently on the oil will be. 6, even more comfortable sittingstool, should be kept upright, and don't depend on the back. When eating body, two arms bysligh

25、tly forward should be close to the body, to avoid hitting the next door. 7, finish every dish,such as a knife and fork after four edges put, or play cross put in disorder, is very ugly. Proper wayis to put on a plate, knives and forks side by side on the fork tooth. Interactive mutual: want tohappin

26、ess? Together construction beautiful health happiness life answer: QQ group no. 49587346high quality groupDifferences between Chinese and western table mannersContent preview:The differences between Chinese and western table manners is a lot of. Many people eat western food, would worry "rude&q

27、uot;. In fact, the so-called table manners is to let meal and can not be hindered and damaged, and smoothly and fluency of the code of practice. Remember "neat, clean and keep quiet" three principles will be adverse anyway. A, banquet etiquette (1) in when you were invited to the party, yo

28、u sit at the same table the dinner and table talk, probably more than diet are interested in. So as far as possible, should eat less noise, less action. (2) the hostess a took the napkin, you can take your napkin, on the leg. Sometimes napkin package is a little bread; Ifthat is the case will get it

29、 in a nearby, also XiaoDie. (3) if a napkin, double of overlapping in the leg; If small, all open. 10 million don't will bring on a napkin don't or vest, and don't hand in a massage. Can use the napkin to wipe the corner of the mouth or finger the oil or dirt. 10 million don't use it

30、 to wipe the silver or China. (4) dinner usually start from soup. In one of the largest before you a spoon is spoon, and it'll be on your right hand side of the plate. Don't wrong in the middle of the table with the spoon, because that may be taken to jam the vegetables with. (5) inthe hoste

31、ss takes up her a spoon or a fork, shall not eat any guests before a dish. The hostess usually wait until every guest get food begins after. She won't like China, would you please get used to that eat first. When she took the spoon or a fork, itTable MannersThe main difference between Chinese an

32、d W estern eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybodyshares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their

33、best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g.four peopl

34、e, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impopssible to finish.A typical meal starts with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally a soup is brought out, which is foll

35、owed by the starchy "staple"food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on.One thing to be aware of is that when eating with a Chine

36、se host, you may find that the person is using their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave

37、the food there, and maybe cover it up with a little rice when they are not looking. There is a certain amount of leniency involved when dealing with Westerners. So you won't be chastised.Eating No-no'sTraditionally speaking, there are many taboos at Chinese tables, but these days not many pe

38、oplepay attention to them. However, there are a few things to keep in mind, especially if you are a guest at a private home.1) Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead,lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl o

39、f sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!2) Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot downwhe

40、re the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting,usually just outward from the table.3) Don't tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, in a restaurant, if the food is coming too slow peo

41、ple will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home, it is like insulting the cook.中西方餐桌禮儀的差異不少人在吃西餐時(shí)，都會(huì)擔(dān)心“失禮” 。其實(shí)，所謂餐桌禮儀是為了讓餐膳可以不受阻礙和破壞，而得以順利流暢地進(jìn)行的實(shí)用守則。謹(jǐn)記“整齊、清潔和保持安靜”三項(xiàng)原則便可無往而不利。一、宴會(huì)禮儀（1）在當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀赴宴時(shí)，你對(duì)同桌進(jìn)餐的人和餐桌上的談話，大概要比對(duì)飲食要更感興趣。因此進(jìn)餐時(shí)，應(yīng)該盡可能地少一些聲響，少一些動(dòng)作。（ 2）女主人一拿起餐巾時(shí)，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。有時(shí)餐巾中包有一只小面包

42、；如果是那樣的話就把它取也，放在旁邊的小碟上。（ 3）餐巾如果很大，就雙疊著放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打開。千萬別將餐巾別在領(lǐng)上或背心上， 也不要在手中亂揉?？梢杂貌徒淼囊唤遣寥プ焐匣蚴种干系挠蜐n或臟物。千萬別用它來擦刀叉或碗碟。（ 4）正餐通常從湯開始。在你座前最大的一把匙就是湯匙，它就在你的右邊的盤子旁邊。不要錯(cuò)用放在桌子中間的那把匙子，因?yàn)槟强赡苁侨∈卟丝晒u用的。（ 5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才開始。她不會(huì)像中國(guó)習(xí)慣那樣，請(qǐng)你先吃。當(dāng)她拿起匙或叉時(shí)，那就意味著大家也可以那樣做了。（ 6）如果有魚這道菜的話，它多半在湯以

43、后送上，桌上可能有魚的一把專用叉子，它也可能與吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，總之，魚叉放在肉叉的外側(cè)離盤較遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)。（ 7）通常在魚上桌之前，魚骨早就剔凈了，如果你吃的那塊魚還有刺的話，你可以左手拿著面包卷，或一塊面包，右手拿著刀子，把刺撥開。（ 8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就應(yīng)悄悄地，盡可能不引起注意地用手指將它取出，放在盤子邊沿上，別放在桌上，或扔在地下。此外，我對(duì)法國(guó)餐桌禮儀的忌諱有些了解，如后：二、法國(guó)餐桌禮儀七忌答應(yīng)對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)后如果臨時(shí)有事要遲到甚至取消約會(huì)， 必須事先通知對(duì)方。 赴會(huì)時(shí)稍遲是可以接受的，但若超過 15 分鐘便會(huì)給對(duì)方不重視約會(huì)的壞印象。在點(diǎn)菜時(shí)自己應(yīng)選定想吃的食物，如果

44、看遍菜牌也沒有頭緒的話，可請(qǐng)侍應(yīng)為你推薦餐廳的招牌菜，但要給明確的表示，如想吃海鮮、不吃紅肉等，切記事事拿不定主意，只懂說“是但 (隨便也罷 )”的人只會(huì)為同臺(tái)客人添加麻煩。用餐要注意的細(xì)節(jié)甚多，但其實(shí)大部分也是日常的禮儀，只要保持冷靜，不做大動(dòng)作，不出聲響或阻礙別人用餐的話已算合格。1、使用餐具最基本的原則是由外至內(nèi)，完成一道菜后侍奉收去該份餐具，按需要或會(huì)補(bǔ)上另一套刀叉。2、吃肉類時(shí) (如牛扒 )應(yīng)從角落開始切，吃完一塊再切下一塊。遇到不吃的部分或配菜，只需將它移到碟邊。3、如嘴里有東西要吐出來，應(yīng)將叉子遞到嘴邊接出，或以手指取出，再移到碟子邊沿。整個(gè)過程要盡量不要引別人注意，之后自然地用

45、餐便可。4、遇到豆類或飯一類的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上，叉尖向上，再以刀子將豆類或飯輕撥到叉子上便可。 若需要調(diào)味料但伸手又取不到， 可要求對(duì)方遞給你， 千萬不要站起來俯前去取。5、吃完抹手抹嘴切忌用餐巾大力擦，注意儀態(tài)用餐巾的一角輕輕印去嘴上或手指上的油漬便可。6、就算凳子多舒服，坐姿都應(yīng)該保持正直，不要靠在椅背上面。進(jìn)食時(shí)身體可略向前靠，兩臂應(yīng)緊貼身體，以免撞到隔壁。7、吃完每碟菜之后，如將刀叉四邊放，又或者打交叉亂放，非常難看。正確方法是將刀叉并排放在碟上，叉齒朝上一,個(gè)性化差異對(duì)禮儀的影響:東方文化崇尚集體和團(tuán)體精神 ,人們的倚賴性較強(qiáng) .而西方文化崇尚獨(dú)立和個(gè)性自由國(guó)人講究修身 ,

46、齊家 ,治國(guó) ,平天下 ,人品是至關(guān)重要的，而這種人品是建立在關(guān)心國(guó)家.比如 ,中,熱愛集體,家庭和睦 ,人際關(guān)系和諧的基礎(chǔ)之上.如果只考慮個(gè)人的利益,你的人品則大大的折扣.而在美國(guó)人們法制觀念較強(qiáng).在此前提下 ,他們崇尚個(gè)人自由,不愿受到來自政府,教會(huì)或其他組織的干涉 ,喜歡我行我素 .在家庭中 ,孩子們從小就被灌輸自立自強(qiáng)的觀念 .青年人總是希望自己能盡量早獨(dú)立 ,擺脫父母的管束 ,他們不希望過分的倚賴家庭 ,倚賴父母 ,否則 ,他們將失去自由 ,失去別人對(duì)他們的尊重 .再這一點(diǎn)上 ,中國(guó)文化則有所不同 .家庭是中國(guó)人最重視的生活集體 .父母對(duì)孩子倍加珍惜 ,恨不能一切都為孩子想到 ,以致

47、于當(dāng)孩子長(zhǎng)大成人 ,結(jié)婚時(shí)要給孩子大操大辦 ,當(dāng)孩子有了孩子后 ,還要犧牲自己的晚年來照顧自己的孫子 ,即把自己的全部希望寄托在孩子身上 ,又過分的照顧孩子 ,結(jié)果使孩子的自理能力較差 ,甚至于在中國(guó)今天在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌過程中 ,國(guó)有企業(yè)職工極不情愿丟掉鐵飯碗 /這種倚賴性是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的遺產(chǎn) .對(duì)現(xiàn)代人的文化觀念影響深遠(yuǎn) .二,等級(jí)觀念差異對(duì)禮儀的影響東方文化等級(jí)觀念強(qiáng)烈.無論是在組織里,還是在家庭里.忽略等級(jí) ,地位就是非禮.盡管傳統(tǒng)理智中等級(jí)制度以被消除,但等級(jí)觀念至今仍對(duì)東方文化產(chǎn)生影響.中國(guó)在實(shí)行計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)候曾經(jīng)給企業(yè)劃分等級(jí).盡管著不具有普遍性,但是等級(jí)觀念仍普遍存在于東

48、方社會(huì).在西方國(guó)家 ,除了英國(guó)等少數(shù)國(guó)家有著世襲貴族和森嚴(yán)的制度外 ,大多數(shù)西方國(guó)家都提倡平等觀念 .在家庭中美國(guó)人不講等級(jí) ,只要彼此尊重 ,父母子女可直呼其名 .他們家庭觀念淡薄 ,不愿為家庭做出太大的犧牲 .三,人際交往方式差異對(duì)禮儀的影響東西方文化都非常重視人際交往,但在交往的觀念 , 交往的方式上都有著明顯的差別.中國(guó)人熱情好客 ,對(duì)于朋友沒什么可保留的,對(duì)于了解有關(guān)年齡,職業(yè) , 收入 ,婚姻 ,子女等問題,覺得都理所當(dāng)然 .而在西方國(guó)家特別重視隱私權(quán).,他們一般不愿意干涉別人的隱私和私生活,也不愿被人干涉 .比如 ,中國(guó)人會(huì)直接詢問別人所買物品的價(jià)格.在中國(guó)人的眼里 ,物品的貴賤

49、只是表示物品的價(jià)值 , 而在西方人的眼里,如果詢問物品的價(jià)格,就可能是探問對(duì)方的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,也是屬于隱私 ,這種行為是不行的 .四,性別 ,長(zhǎng)幼尊重的不同對(duì)禮儀的影響在東方文化里, 男士往往備受尊重,這主要受封建禮制中男尊女卑的影響.而在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),東方文化也主張男女平等,但在許多時(shí)候,男士的地位依然較女士有優(yōu)越性,女士還有被受歧視的現(xiàn)象 .而在西方國(guó)家 ,尊重婦女是起傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗 ,女士?jī)?yōu)先是西方交際中的原則之一 .無論在任何公共場(chǎng)合 ,男士都要照顧女士 .在處理長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系時(shí) ,我國(guó)對(duì)待長(zhǎng)者特別尊敬 ,孝敬 .而在西方國(guó)家 ,由于崇尚自立 ,女兒成年后和父母的來往越來越少 ,致使許多老人時(shí)常感到孤單

50、,晚年生活有一種凄涼敢 .五,義利觀念 ,法制觀念的不同對(duì)禮儀的影響我國(guó)重義輕利 ,西方人重利輕義.我國(guó)法制觀念較淡薄,而在西方國(guó)家 ,人們的法制觀念較強(qiáng).我只能給你一點(diǎn)零碎的支持，而且需要你自己去翻譯的：餐飲禮儀問題可謂源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載可知， 至少在周代， 飲食禮儀已形成一套相當(dāng)完善的制度， 特別是經(jīng)曾任魯國(guó)祭酒的孔子的稱贊推崇而成為歷朝歷代表現(xiàn)大國(guó)之貌、禮儀之邦、文明之所的重要方面。作為漢族傳統(tǒng)的古代宴飲禮儀， 自有一套程序： 主人折柬相邀， 臨時(shí)迎客于門外。 賓客到時(shí)，互致問候，引入客廳小坐，敬以茶點(diǎn)?？妄R后導(dǎo)客入席，以左為上，視為首席，相對(duì)首座為二座，首座之下為三座，二座之下為四座

51、?？腿俗?，由主人敬酒讓菜，客人以禮相謝。席間斟酒上菜也有一定的講究：應(yīng)先敬長(zhǎng)者和主賓， 最后才是主人。 宴飲結(jié)束，引導(dǎo)客人入客廳小坐，上茶，直到辭別。這種傳統(tǒng)宴飲禮儀在我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)保留完整，如山東、香港及臺(tái)灣，許多影視作品中多有體現(xiàn)。清代受西餐傳入的影響， 一些西餐禮儀也被引進(jìn)。 如分菜、上湯、 進(jìn)酒等方式也因合理衛(wèi)生的食法被引入中餐禮儀中。中西餐飲食文化的交流，使得餐飲禮儀更加科學(xué)合理?，F(xiàn)代較為流行的中餐宴飲禮儀是在繼續(xù)傳統(tǒng)與參考國(guó)外禮儀的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來的。 其座次借西方宴會(huì)以右為上的法則， 第一主賓就坐于主人右側(cè)， 第二主賓在主人左側(cè)或第一主賓右側(cè)，變通處理，斟酒上菜由賓客右側(cè)進(jìn)行，先

52、主賓，后主人，先女賓，后男賓。酒斟八分，不可過滿。 上菜順序依然保持傳統(tǒng)， 先冷后熱。熱菜應(yīng)從主賓對(duì)面席位的左側(cè)上；上單份菜或配菜席點(diǎn)和小吃先賓后主，上全雞、全鴨、全魚等整形菜，不能頭尾朝向正主位。這些程序不僅可以使整個(gè)宴飲過程和諧有序， 更使主客身份和情感得以體現(xiàn)和交流。 因此，餐桌之上的禮儀可使宴飲活動(dòng)圓滿周全，使主客雙方的修養(yǎng)得到全面展示。特別具體的英國(guó)禮儀尋找困難，可參考正規(guī)書籍1、就座時(shí)，身體要端正，手肘不要放在桌面上，不可蹺足，與餐桌的距離以便于使用餐具為佳。餐臺(tái)上已擺好的餐具不要隨意擺弄。將餐巾對(duì)折輕輕放在膝上。2、使用刀叉進(jìn)餐時(shí)，從外側(cè)往內(nèi)側(cè)取用刀叉，要左手持叉，右手持刀；切東

53、西時(shí)左手拿叉按住食物，右手執(zhí)刀將其切成小塊，用叉子送入口中。使用刀時(shí)，刀刃不可向外。進(jìn)餐中放下刀叉時(shí)應(yīng)擺成“八”字型，分別放在餐盤邊上。刀刃朝向自身，表示還要繼續(xù)吃。每吃完一道菜，將刀叉并攏放在盤中。如果是談話，可以拿著刀叉，無需放下。不用刀時(shí)，可用右手持叉，但若需要作手勢(shì)時(shí)，就應(yīng)放下刀叉， 千萬不可手執(zhí)刀叉在空中揮舞搖晃， 也不要一手拿刀或叉，而另一支手拿餐巾擦嘴，也不可一手拿酒杯，另一支手拿叉取菜。要記住，任何時(shí)候，都不可將刀叉的一端放在盤上，另一端放在桌上。3、喝湯時(shí)不要啜，吃東西時(shí)要閉嘴咀嚼。不要舔嘴唇或咂嘴發(fā)出聲音。如湯菜過熱，可待稍涼后再吃，不要用嘴吹。喝湯時(shí)，用湯勺從里向外舀，湯

54、盤中的湯快喝完時(shí)，用左手將湯盤的外側(cè)稍稍翹起，用湯勺舀凈即可。吃完湯菜時(shí)，將湯匙留在湯盤（碗）中，匙把指向自己。4、吃魚、肉等帶刺或骨的菜肴時(shí)，不要直接外吐，可用餐巾捂嘴輕輕吐在叉上放入盤內(nèi)。如盤內(nèi)剩余少量菜肴時(shí)， 不要用叉子刮盤底， 更不要用手指相助食用， 應(yīng)以小塊面包或叉子相助食用。吃面條時(shí)要用叉子先將面條卷起，然后送入口中。5、面包一般掰成小塊送入口中，不要拿著整塊面包去咬。抹黃油和果醬時(shí)也要先將面包掰成小塊再抹。6、吃雞時(shí)，歐美人多以雞胸脯肉為貴。吃雞腿時(shí)應(yīng)先用力將骨去掉，不要用手拿著吃。吃魚時(shí)不要將魚翻身，要吃完上層后用刀叉將魚骨剔掉后再吃下層吃肉時(shí)，要切一塊吃一塊，塊不能切得過大，

55、或一次將肉都切成塊。7、喝咖啡時(shí)如愿意添加牛奶或糖，添加后要用小勺攪拌均勻，將小勺放在咖啡的墊碟上。喝時(shí)應(yīng)右手拿杯把，左手端墊碟，直接用嘴喝，不要用小勺一勺一勺地舀著喝。吃水果時(shí)，不要拿著水果整個(gè)去咬，應(yīng)先用水果刀切成四瓣再用刀去掉皮、核、用叉子叉著吃。8、用刀叉吃有骨頭的肉吃有骨頭的肉時(shí)，可以用手拿著吃。若想吃得更優(yōu)雅，還是用刀較好。用叉子將整片肉固定（可將叉子朝上，用叉子背部壓住肉） ，再用刀沿骨頭插人，把肉切開。 最好是邊切邊吃。 必須用手吃時(shí)， 會(huì)附上洗手水。 當(dāng)洗手水和帶骨頭的肉一起端上來時(shí)，意味著“請(qǐng)用手吃” 。用手指拿東西吃后，將手指放在裝洗手水的碗里洗凈。吃一般的菜時(shí)，如果把手指弄臟，也可請(qǐng)侍者端洗手水來，注意洗手時(shí)要輕輕地洗。9、吃面包可蘸調(diào)味汁吃到連調(diào)味汁都不剩，是對(duì)廚師的禮貌。注意不要把面包盤子“舔”得很干凈，而要用叉子叉住已撕成小片的面包，再蘸一點(diǎn)調(diào)味汁來吃，是雅觀的作法。中西餐桌禮儀的差異【基本差別】入座的位置中方客齊后導(dǎo)客入席，以左為上，視為首席，相對(duì)首座為二座，首座之下為三座，二座之下為四座。西方一般說來， 面對(duì)門的離門最遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)座位是女主人的， 與之相