小升初考點(diǎn)之閱讀理解

1、教學(xué)課題：小升初英語之如何做好閱讀理解教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. 了解閱讀理解的幾種題型2. 了解閱讀理解的體裁內(nèi)容3. 掌握閱讀理解的解題步驟和方法教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1. 理解并掌握閱讀理解的解題步驟要點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)：閱讀理解是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)很重要的方面，它反映了學(xué)生直接應(yīng)用英語的能 力。英語試題中對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀能力的測(cè)試主要通過完形填空和閱讀理解兩種題型。 今天就閱讀理解這一題型加以解析。閱讀理解題一般有以下幾種形式：1）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正、誤2）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案3）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問題4）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，填寫表格5）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在改寫后的短文中填詞閱讀理解部分的短文內(nèi)容非常廣泛，有人物傳記、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、天文

2、史地、社 會(huì)文化、科普小品、風(fēng)土人情、幽默故事及日常生活的各個(gè)方面。試題往往就短 文中容易誤解和忽略之處靈活地提出問題， 所用的句型和詞語也往往不同于短文 中相應(yīng)部分的句型和詞語。掌握豐富的詞匯及必要的語法知識(shí)是提高閱讀理解能 力的先決條件，而了解文化差異及歷史背景常常是十分重要的。因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該對(duì)講英語國(guó)家的風(fēng)土人情及歷史發(fā)展有一般的常識(shí)，同時(shí)對(duì)科普、科幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。你們還必須經(jīng)常進(jìn)行大量的各種體裁、各種風(fēng)格的課外閱 讀，逐步加快閱讀速度，不斷增進(jìn)閱讀技巧。下面向同學(xué)們介紹。閱讀理解的解題步驟和方法：1通讀全文，掌握大意做閱讀理解題一定要學(xué)會(huì)通過快速閱讀， 從整體上理解短文

3、的大意及中心思 想，領(lǐng)會(huì)出題人的意圖。切忌人為地將短文搞得支離破碎， 逐詞逐句地去感知材 料，看一句或幾句做一個(gè)題目，這樣會(huì)影響答題的正確率。但是對(duì)于一些長(zhǎng)句和 難句要作語法分析，以便掌握短文的大意和每個(gè)句子的確切含義。短文的開頭和 結(jié)尾往往是全文內(nèi)容的概括，對(duì)理解、推理都會(huì)有很大的幫助。2細(xì)審題意，獲取信息認(rèn)真審閱文后的理解題。在審題時(shí)要弄清楚試題問的是細(xì)節(jié)（如人物、時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)）還是主題大意；是事實(shí)還是觀點(diǎn)；是從正面問還是從反面問。看清試題后， 帶著問題再回到正文中去尋找有關(guān)的句子、 段落，獲取重要的信息。然后把所獲 得的信息點(diǎn)與所給的答案逐一進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的比較，以便作出正確的判斷。3. 分層

4、推理，正確答題有些理解題可以直接從短文中找到答案。有些深層次的理解題在短文中找不到直接的信息點(diǎn)，要經(jīng)過分析推理，從已有的信息鏈中判斷文章的意思，即應(yīng)以短文中提供的間接信息點(diǎn)為依據(jù)，根據(jù)作者的意圖，憑借你們自己的社會(huì)文化知 識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加進(jìn)短文中所沒有明確表述的卻又與主題有聯(lián)系的思想和信息， 進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理，從而確定正確的選項(xiàng)。實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練：(1)An Open-book ExamMiss Wang : Boys and girls, we II have an oper-book exam. You can bring anything.Billy: Great!Miss Wang: Why

5、 are you so happy?Billy: Because I can bring my father.快速判斷：1. The stude nt will have an exam.()2. Billy is a good stude nt.()3. Billy wants to bring his father.()4. The teacher does not let her stude nts bring their books.()(2)A Foolish DogA dog has large piece of meat in his mouth. Whe n he is wal

6、k ing on a small bridge, he looks down and sees himself in the water. He thinks it is another dog. That dog has also a large piece of meat in his mouth. He says to himself, I want to get hismeat. Then I can have two pieces of meat. ” He ope ns his mouth to bark the dog in the water ,and his meat fal

7、ls into water.快速判斷：1. The dog has a small piece of meat.()2. He wants to get two pieces of meat.()3. He finds ano ther dog in the water.()4. The dog is sta nding on the grass. ( )5. He has no meat at last.()選擇填空：1. There is a of meat in the dog ' s mouth.A: piece B: bottle C: glass D: cup2. The

8、dog looks dow n and sees in the water.A: yourself B: myself C: himself D: herself3. He ope ns his mouth to .A: laugh B: cry C: eat D: dark詞海導(dǎo)航：meat 肉 walk 走 bark 吠聲 fall 落下 bridge橋(3)The Cat ' s FamilyMy family is not very large. There are only three cats. I' m a white cat. People call meSno

9、 w-white. My husba nd is a black cat. People call him Captai n Black Cat.(黑貓警長(zhǎng))We have a beautiful daughter. Her name is Lily. She is black and white. She' s ortwo years old. We live a happy life.From now on, we will work harder to catch the mice. We must let people live in a happy life in this

10、house.選擇填空：1. There are people in the cat ' s family.A: two B: three C: four2. Mother Cat is.A: white B: black C: black and white3. Mother Cat and Father Cat have a .A: son B: sister C: daughter4. All the will work hard to.A: catch the mice B: catch people C: eat good food5. Lily is years old. A

11、: three B: one C: two6. The black cat is Lily '. sA. mother B: father C: un cle詞海導(dǎo)航large巨大的 people人，人們 beautiful 美麗的 catch 捉，抓住 husba nd 丈夫house 房子(4)The Dog' s Dirty FeetIt ' s a rainy day. A woman with a dog gets on a bus. It' s a big dog and its feet are noclea n.The con ductor do

12、es n wartt the dog to sit on the chair. But the woma n says to the con ductor, Oh, I pay for my dog. Can he sit here like the other people? ” The con ductor looks at the dog and says,” Yes, Madam ,but like the other people, he mustnot put his feet on the chair.”選擇填空：1. It ' s aday. A: sunny B; f

13、ine C: rainy D: cloudy2. A woma n with adog gets on the bus.A: big B: small C: short D: thin3. The dog wants to sit on the .A: floor B: chair C: desk D: table4. The woma n pays for her in the bus.A: frie nd B: cat C: dog D: sonMost English people have three names: a firstname, a middle nameand thefa

14、mily n ame. Their family n ame comes last. For example, my full n ame isJim Allan Green. Green is my family name .My parents gave me both of my other n ames.People don ' t use their middle names very much. So“John Henry Brown ”is usually called“John Brown” . People never use Mr, Mrs or Miss befo

15、retheir first names. So you can say John Brown, or Mr Brown; but you should never say Mr John. They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the family namebut never with the first n ame.Sometimes people ask meabout my name. “Whenyou were born, why did your parents call you Jim? ” they ask. ” Why did they choose th

16、at name? ” The answer is they didn ' t call Jim. They called me James. James was the name of my gran dfather. I n En gla nd, people usually call me Jim for short.That' s because it is shorter and easier than James.1. Most En glish people haven ames.A oneB twoC threeD four2. is Jim ' s family name.A JimB GreenC Alla nD James3. English people use Mr, Mrs or Miss with.A the family n ameB the first n ameC The middle n ameD the first n ame and the middle n ame4. The teacher ' s name is Mary Joan Shute. Her students call her.A miss Mary B Mi