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1、NCCN胃癌臨床實(shí)踐胃癌臨床實(shí)踐胃胃 癌癌Copyright 2005 American Cancer SocietyAge-standardized Incidence Rates for Stomach Cancer in world.From Parkin, D. M. et al. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108.世界胃癌年齡調(diào)整發(fā)病率世界胃癌年齡調(diào)整發(fā)病率對(duì)對(duì)1990-19921990-1992年中國(guó)的年中國(guó)的1/101/10萬(wàn)人口死因抽樣調(diào)查資料中萬(wàn)人口死因抽樣調(diào)查資料中胃癌死亡情況進(jìn)行分析胃癌死亡情況進(jìn)行分析胃癌粗死亡率胃癌粗死亡率(crude m
2、ortality rate) 25.2/10 萬(wàn)(萬(wàn)(M:32.8/10 萬(wàn),萬(wàn),F(xiàn):17.0/10 萬(wàn)),占全部惡性腫瘤死亡的萬(wàn)),占全部惡性腫瘤死亡的23.2%,惡性腫瘤死亡中第一位。,惡性腫瘤死亡中第一位。(男性是女性(男性是女性1.9倍)倍)中國(guó)胃癌世界人口調(diào)整死亡率中國(guó)胃癌世界人口調(diào)整死亡率(mortality rates adjusted by the world population)男性:男性:40.8/10 萬(wàn),女性:萬(wàn),女性:18.6/10 萬(wàn),分別是歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家萬(wàn),分別是歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的的4.2-7.9 倍,倍,3.8-8.0 倍倍有明顯的地區(qū)差異和城鄉(xiāng)差別。全國(guó)抽樣調(diào)查有
3、明顯的地區(qū)差異和城鄉(xiāng)差別。全國(guó)抽樣調(diào)查263個(gè)點(diǎn),胃癌調(diào)整死亡個(gè)點(diǎn),胃癌調(diào)整死亡率在率在2.5-153.0 /10萬(wàn)之間,萬(wàn)之間,Urban areas:15.3/10 萬(wàn)萬(wàn); Rural areas:24.4/10萬(wàn),萬(wàn),是城市的是城市的1.6 倍倍NCCNNCCN共識(shí)分類 1類:基于高水平的證據(jù),類:基于高水平的證據(jù),NCCN達(dá)成共識(shí),推薦應(yīng)用達(dá)成共識(shí),推薦應(yīng)用 2A類:基于包括臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)在內(nèi)的稍低水平證據(jù),類:基于包括臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)在內(nèi)的稍低水平證據(jù),NCCN達(dá)達(dá)成共識(shí),推薦應(yīng)用。成共識(shí),推薦應(yīng)用。 2B類:基于包括臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)在內(nèi)的稍低水平證據(jù),類:基于包括臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)在內(nèi)的稍低水平證據(jù),NCCN未未
4、達(dá)成統(tǒng)一共識(shí)(但無較大分歧)。達(dá)成統(tǒng)一共識(shí)(但無較大分歧)。 3類:類:NCCN對(duì)該建議的適宜性存在較大分歧。對(duì)該建議的適宜性存在較大分歧。除非特別說明,本指南中所有的建議均達(dá)成除非特別說明,本指南中所有的建議均達(dá)成2A類共識(shí)。類共識(shí)。NCCN 胃癌臨床實(shí)踐指南胃癌臨床實(shí)踐指南 2008第第1版指南更新版指南更新主要變化主要變化總結(jié)總結(jié)(GAST-1):):workup:PET/CT掃描和掃描和EUS作為可選的檢查項(xiàng)目。作為可選的檢查項(xiàng)目。(GAST 2):): 要求多學(xué)科會(huì)議討論患者所有三個(gè)治療途徑的抉擇要求多學(xué)科會(huì)議討論患者所有三個(gè)治療途徑的抉擇 T2以上分期患者將術(shù)前化療作為一類推薦以上
5、分期患者將術(shù)前化療作為一類推薦首選治療手段。首選治療手段。術(shù)前放化療作為術(shù)前放化療作為2B類的類的首選治療手段。首選治療手段。(GAST3):): R0術(shù)后分期術(shù)后分期T2 N0M0及以上者,如術(shù)前采用及以上者,如術(shù)前采用ECF方案化療,術(shù)后方案化療,術(shù)后可選擇可選擇ECF繼續(xù)(繼續(xù)(1類)類)(GAST5):): follow up:近端胃大部或全胃切除者,應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)并補(bǔ)充:近端胃大部或全胃切除者,應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)并補(bǔ)充Vit B12(GASTA):):增加綜合治療模式原則新頁(yè)增加綜合治療模式原則新頁(yè)(GASTB、C):): 更新外科及系統(tǒng)化療原則更新外科及系統(tǒng)化療原則(GASTA):): 新增放療原則新
6、頁(yè)新增放療原則新頁(yè)NCCN guidelines -Gastric Cancer Chinese version 1. 2008在整個(gè)治療指南中將在整個(gè)治療指南中將chemotherapy/RT 更改為更改為 chemoradiation將將salvage 改為改為palliative與與2007版類似版類似注意:注意: 除了特別指出的情況,所有推薦的治療都是除了特別指出的情況,所有推薦的治療都是2A證證據(jù)的。據(jù)的。 臨床試驗(yàn):臨床試驗(yàn):NCCN認(rèn)為對(duì)于任何一個(gè)腫瘤病人參認(rèn)為對(duì)于任何一個(gè)腫瘤病人參加臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)都獲得最佳治療加臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)都獲得最佳治療. 要特別鼓勵(lì)參與臨要特別鼓勵(lì)參與臨床試驗(yàn)。床試驗(yàn)
7、。強(qiáng)調(diào)多學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)多學(xué)科評(píng)估和科評(píng)估和協(xié)作!協(xié)作!多學(xué)科綜合治療模式有益于局部進(jìn)展期胃癌患者多學(xué)科綜合治療模式有益于局部進(jìn)展期胃癌患者(1類證據(jù))NCCN專家組基本觀點(diǎn):不鼓勵(lì)單一學(xué)科成員單方面進(jìn)行治療決策。專家組基本觀點(diǎn):不鼓勵(lì)單一學(xué)科成員單方面進(jìn)行治療決策。具備以下條件,可能給局部進(jìn)展期胃癌患者以最佳的綜合治療具備以下條件,可能給局部進(jìn)展期胃癌患者以最佳的綜合治療:u例會(huì)形勢(shì)實(shí)用(一周或例會(huì)形勢(shì)實(shí)用(一周或2周一次),相關(guān)學(xué)科的機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人定期來共同回顧患者的詳細(xì)資料。周一次),相關(guān)學(xué)科的機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人定期來共同回顧患者的詳細(xì)資料。u每次例會(huì),各相關(guān)學(xué)科都要積極參與,包括腫瘤外科,腫瘤內(nèi)科,消化科,
8、放射科,病理科。每次例會(huì),各相關(guān)學(xué)科都要積極參與,包括腫瘤外科,腫瘤內(nèi)科,消化科,放射科,病理科。 此外,最好還能包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)科,社工,護(hù)理以及其他支持學(xué)科。此外,最好還能包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)科,社工,護(hù)理以及其他支持學(xué)科。u所有長(zhǎng)期的治療策略要在全面分期檢查完成后再進(jìn)行,最好在所有治療開始之前。決策前共同所有長(zhǎng)期的治療策略要在全面分期檢查完成后再進(jìn)行,最好在所有治療開始之前。決策前共同回顧原始的醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)而非單純閱讀報(bào)告?;仡櫾嫉尼t(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)而非單純閱讀報(bào)告。u多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)做出共識(shí)推薦并摘要記錄在案,對(duì)每位患者是有益的。多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)做出共識(shí)推薦并摘要記錄在案,對(duì)每位患者是有益的。u特定患者的主要治療小組或醫(yī)生應(yīng)尊重
9、以及考慮多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)所做出的共識(shí)推薦。特定患者的主要治療小組或醫(yī)生應(yīng)尊重以及考慮多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)所做出的共識(shí)推薦。u反饋部分患者的治療隨訪結(jié)果,對(duì)整個(gè)多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)是有效的實(shí)例教育方式。反饋部分患者的治療隨訪結(jié)果,對(duì)整個(gè)多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)是有效的實(shí)例教育方式。u在例會(huì)期間,正式的定期復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對(duì)整個(gè)多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)是高效的教育方式。在例會(huì)期間,正式的定期復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對(duì)整個(gè)多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)是高效的教育方式。分期分期CT掃描掃描EUS判斷病灶范圍判斷病灶范圍腹腔鏡有助于部分患者的分期腹腔鏡有助于部分患者的分期不能根治性切除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不能根治性切除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局部進(jìn)展期局部進(jìn)展期:3/4站淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移站淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移, 大血管受侵或被包繞大血管
10、受侵或被包繞遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移或腹膜種植遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移或腹膜種植(包括腹腔脫落細(xì)胞學(xué)陽(yáng)性包括腹腔脫落細(xì)胞學(xué)陽(yáng)性可切除腫瘤可切除腫瘤T1者在有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者可采用內(nèi)鏡下胃粘膜切除者在有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者可采用內(nèi)鏡下胃粘膜切除T1-T3合適的腫瘤切緣合適的腫瘤切緣4 cm(5 cm), 鏡下陰性鏡下陰性推薦推薦D1/D2淋巴結(jié)清掃淋巴結(jié)清掃, 應(yīng)至少檢查應(yīng)至少檢查15個(gè)淋巴結(jié),并結(jié)合位置清掃到個(gè)淋巴結(jié),并結(jié)合位置清掃到2站淋巴結(jié)站淋巴結(jié) T4應(yīng)切除受累部位應(yīng)切除受累部位不做常規(guī)脾切除不做常規(guī)脾切除, 除非脾臟受累或脾門受侵除非脾臟受累或脾門受侵可考慮留置空腸營(yíng)養(yǎng)管可考慮留置空腸營(yíng)養(yǎng)管姑息手術(shù)姑息手術(shù)可以接受切緣陽(yáng)性,淋巴結(jié)不強(qiáng)求清掃
11、可以接受切緣陽(yáng)性,淋巴結(jié)不強(qiáng)求清掃胃腸短路或營(yíng)養(yǎng)管胃腸短路或營(yíng)養(yǎng)管外科治療原則外科治療原則NCCN v.1.2008 Gastric Cancer結(jié)合淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目以及累及區(qū)域分期結(jié)合淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目以及累及區(qū)域分期Japanese Gastric cancer associati(JGCA)腹腔細(xì)胞學(xué)(CY)CY0 腹腔細(xì)胞學(xué)良性或無法確定CY1 腹腔細(xì)胞學(xué)未見癌細(xì)胞CYx 未作其它遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移(M)M0 腹膜、肝、腹腔細(xì)胞學(xué)外無遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移M1 腹膜、肝、腹腔細(xì)胞學(xué)外有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移Mx 不清楚 分期分期表2 日本胃癌學(xué)會(huì)(JGCA)分期(1998年第13版*)原發(fā)腫瘤(T)T1 腫瘤侵犯粘膜層和/或粘膜肌層(M
12、)和/或粘膜下層(SM)T2 腫瘤侵犯固有肌層(MP)或漿膜下層(SS) T3 腫瘤穿透漿膜(SE) T4 腫瘤侵犯鄰近結(jié)構(gòu)(SI) Nx 不明局部淋巴結(jié)(N)淋巴結(jié)分站分組(見ST-3)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移程度N0 無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移證據(jù)N1 第一站淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移,第二、三站淋巴結(jié)無轉(zhuǎn)移N2 第二站淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移,第三站淋巴結(jié)無轉(zhuǎn)移N3 第三站淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移Nx 區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)無法評(píng)估肝轉(zhuǎn)移(H)H0 無肝轉(zhuǎn)移H1 有肝轉(zhuǎn)移Hx 不清楚腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移(P)P0 無腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移P1 有腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移*本分期源自 Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese Classification o
13、f Gastric Carcinoma - 2nd English Edition. Gastric Cancer (1998) 1: 1024腫瘤可以穿透固有肌層達(dá)胃結(jié)腸韌帶或肝胃韌帶或大小網(wǎng)膜,但沒有穿透這些結(jié)構(gòu)的臟層腹膜。在這種情況下,原發(fā)腫瘤的分期為T2。如果穿透覆蓋胃韌帶或網(wǎng)膜的臟層腹膜,則應(yīng)當(dāng)被分為T3期。腫瘤侵犯大、小網(wǎng)膜、食管和十二指腸不作為T4,經(jīng)胃壁內(nèi)擴(kuò)展至十二指腸或食管的腫瘤分期取決于包括胃在內(nèi)的這些部位的最大浸潤(rùn)深度。M1的種類應(yīng)注明:LYM: 淋巴結(jié);PLE: 胸膜;MAR: 骨髓;OSS: 骨;BRA:腦;MEN: 腦膜;SKI: 皮膚;OTH: 其它N0N1N2N
14、3T1IAIBIIIIIAT2IBIIIIIAT3IIIIIAIIIBT4IIIAIIIBIVH1, P1,CY1,M1Regional LN Group According to Location of TumorD14d4d4d653D211p12a14v1998a97LD/LSasako et al : the long-term outcome of survival :D2 vs D2+, no statistically significant difference69% vs 70%, p=0.57, HR:1.03, ( 95% CI: 0.77-1.37). Sasako M
15、, Sano T, Yamamoto S, et al. Randomized phase III trial of standard D2 versus D2 + para-aortic lymph node (PAN) dissection (D) for clinically M0 advanced gastric cancer: JCOG9501. J Clin Oncol 2006.24(18S):LBA4015.擴(kuò)大根治擴(kuò)大根治 or D2 or D2 ? ? 循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)A prospective randomized controlled clinical tria
16、lin Taiwan : D2 vs D1 5-year survival D2 dissection was superior to D1 dissection 59.5% vs 53.6%, p=0.041; HR: 0.49, p=0.002 Wu CW, Hsiung CA, Lo SS, et al. Nodal dissection for patients with gastric cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2006;7:309-315u進(jìn)一步的臨床試驗(yàn),特別是觀察手術(shù)前后的輔進(jìn)一步的臨床試驗(yàn),特別是觀
17、察手術(shù)前后的輔助治療應(yīng)該基于助治療應(yīng)該基于D2式手術(shù)!式手術(shù)! D1 or D2 D1 or D2 ? ? 循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)適合于所有胃癌胃切除標(biāo)本適合于所有胃癌胃切除標(biāo)本原發(fā)性胃癌胃切除標(biāo)本的檢查原發(fā)性胃癌胃切除標(biāo)本的檢查原發(fā)性腫瘤* *外科切緣評(píng)估淋巴結(jié)評(píng)估原發(fā)性胃癌的組織學(xué)類型原發(fā)性胃癌的組織學(xué)類型Lauren分類,1965日本胃癌研究協(xié)會(huì)(JRSGC)分類,1981WHO分類,2000病理學(xué)分期(病理學(xué)分期(pTNMpTNM)應(yīng)包括下列參數(shù):腫瘤的惡性程度(分級(jí))浸潤(rùn)的深度淋巴結(jié)的部位、數(shù)目及陽(yáng)性數(shù)遠(yuǎn)端及近端外科切緣狀況注釋注釋胃癌原發(fā)腫瘤原發(fā)腫瘤檢查應(yīng)包括:腫瘤在胃粘膜確切位
18、置及腫瘤范圍;腫瘤距近端和遠(yuǎn)端外科切緣的距離;腫瘤大體形態(tài),包括腫瘤大小、早期胃癌的形態(tài)類型;腫瘤切面,浸潤(rùn)胃壁情況。 外科切緣切緣評(píng)估:胃切除標(biāo)本有遠(yuǎn)端及近端切緣:部分切除標(biāo)本,遠(yuǎn)端切緣是十二指腸,近端切緣是胃體;全胃切除標(biāo)本,遠(yuǎn)端切緣是十二指腸,近端切緣是食管。外科切緣有3種情況:R0:外科切緣干凈;R1:外科切緣鏡下陽(yáng)性;R2:外科切緣肉眼陽(yáng)性。建議切除的近端切緣應(yīng)距腫瘤邊緣5cm,同時(shí)應(yīng)常規(guī)術(shù)中切緣冰凍檢查。 淋巴結(jié)淋巴結(jié)評(píng)估:見ST-1/2/3。根據(jù)胃切除時(shí)淋巴結(jié)清掃的范圍分為:D0:淋巴結(jié)清掃的范圍不包括所有N1淋巴結(jié);D1:淋巴結(jié)清掃的范圍不包括所有N2淋巴結(jié);D2:淋巴結(jié)清掃的
19、范圍不包括所有N3淋巴結(jié)。按照AJCC標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因?yàn)楸粰z查淋巴結(jié)的數(shù)量和淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性率之間有正相關(guān),應(yīng)檢查至少15個(gè)淋巴結(jié)。 胃癌組織學(xué)類型Lanren分類(1965):腸型;彌漫型JRSGC分類(1981): 乳頭狀型 管狀型 低分化型 粘液型 印戒細(xì)胞型WHO分類(2000) 腺癌 腸型 彌漫型 乳頭狀腺癌 管狀腺癌 粘液腺癌 印戒細(xì)胞癌 腺鱗癌 鱗狀細(xì)胞癌 小細(xì)胞癌 未分化癌 其它 胃腺癌組織學(xué)分級(jí):高分化;中分化;低分化;未分化病理學(xué)分期(pTNM) 病理學(xué)分期與胃癌預(yù)后極其相關(guān),早期胃癌預(yù)后極好,5年生存率達(dá)90%。建議使用AJCC/UICC分類,在病理報(bào)告中N分期可增加標(biāo)注JRSGC要求
20、的淋巴結(jié)部位。病理診斷原則病理診斷原則系統(tǒng)化療原則系統(tǒng)化療原則 NEW遵照原始文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的藥物劑量遵照原始文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的藥物劑量/方案方案, 合理用藥并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整合理用藥并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整患者合適的器官功能和體力狀況患者合適的器官功能和體力狀況充分考慮化療的毒性和益處充分考慮化療的毒性和益處, 并始終與患者及家屬討論并始終與患者及家屬討論/交流交流, 并進(jìn)行并進(jìn)行患者教育患者教育, 警示并防治不良反應(yīng)警示并防治不良反應(yīng), 避免嚴(yán)重合并癥及縮短持續(xù)時(shí)間避免嚴(yán)重合并癥及縮短持續(xù)時(shí)間患者化療期間仔細(xì)觀察患者化療期間仔細(xì)觀察, 及時(shí)治療合并癥及時(shí)治療合并癥, 并適當(dāng)監(jiān)測(cè)患者血液學(xué)改變并適當(dāng)監(jiān)測(cè)患者血液學(xué)改變化
21、療階段及時(shí)評(píng)估療效和長(zhǎng)期合并癥化療階段及時(shí)評(píng)估療效和長(zhǎng)期合并癥2007.v.22008.v.1Preoperative chemo-therapyECF category 1ECF category 1ECF modification category 1Preoperative chemo-radiationfluoropyrimidine/leucovorin 2BFluoropyrimidine-based 2BCisplatin-based 2BTaxanes-based 2BIrinotecan-based 2Bpaclitaxel/Docetaxel+fluoropyrimidin
22、e (5FU/capecitabine) category 2BUpdate of 2008.v.1 NCCN version可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療-MAGIC trial胃癌(占胃癌(占85%)或低位食管癌(或低位食管癌(15%)ECF* 3cs-手術(shù)手術(shù)-ECF 3cs單一手術(shù)單一手術(shù)N=2505Y 38%N=2535Y 23%ECF:E 50mg/m2C 60mg/m2FU 200mg/m2/d civD.Cuuningham 2005 ASCO abs 4001Cunningham et al, NEJM 2006Chemo + SurgerySurgeryPat
23、ients250253Age6262To Surgery219 (88%)240 (95%)Pts with R0 resection169 (68%)*166 (66%)*No pathologic complete responses可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療-MAGIC trialCunningham et al, NEJM 2006Chemo + SurgerySurgeryPath Size3.1 cm5.0 cm (p = 0.001)T1 / T2T3 / T452%48%38%62% (p= 0.009)N 0/1N 2/384%16%76%24% (p =
24、0.01)Cunningham et al, NEJM 2006可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療-MAGIC trialOverall SurvivalPatients at riskLogrank p-value = 0.009Hazard Ratio = 0.75 (95% CI 0.60 - 0.93)CSCS250168111795238272531558050311890.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0Months from randomization0122436486072149250170253Events TotalCSCSSurv
25、ival rate 可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療 5-FU+DDP in AGC/LE -FFCD 9703 trialFP 23cs(98例)例)-手術(shù)手術(shù)-FP 2 3cs (RR+SD n+)(54例)例)單一手術(shù)單一手術(shù)N=1135Y DFS 34%N=1115Y DFS 21%FP:5-FU 800mg/m2 d1-5 ciDDP 100mg/m2 d1Q4w隨訪隨訪 5.7Y賁門、胃賁門、胃89食管食管11可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療 5-FU+DDP in AGC/LE -FFCD 9703 trialSurgeryChemo + Surgeryp
26、N111113R084%73%0.043y DFS25%40%5y DFS21%34%0.003HR 0.65V. Boige et al, ASCO 2007 abstr 4510可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療可切除胃癌圍手術(shù)期化療Patient data-based meta-analysis: CT+S vs S 從從12隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)隨機(jī)試驗(yàn), 2284 患者中篩選出患者中篩選出2102患者患者,涉涉及及9個(gè)試驗(yàn)個(gè)試驗(yàn), 中位隨訪時(shí)間中位隨訪時(shí)間5.3年年 CT+S vs S HR 0.87 P=0.003 轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)化為5年絕對(duì)生存率提高年絕對(duì)生存率提高4% R0切除率切除率 67% vs 62%
27、p=0.03P.G.Thirion et al, ASCO 2007 abstr 4512GAST-C 1 of 2: preoperative chemoradiation2008.v.1NCCN guideline: Paclitaxel/docetaxel + fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabine) category 2B;Recommendation of Chinese version: Docetaxel might be changed; Category 2B to 3.Reason:Study about Paclitaxel/5FU+R
28、T is only phase II.No prospective studies has been searched on docetaxel/5-FU +RT(medline).Preoperative chemoradiation: phase IIPhase II Trial of Preoperative Chemoradiation in Patients With Localized Gastric Adenocarcinoma (RTOG 9904): Quality of Combined Modality Therapy and Pathologic ResponseJaf
29、fer A. Ajani JCO 2006:24(24):):3593Phase: IIPatients: 43 cases with localized GC (12% IB; 37% II; 52% III).,20 center Methods: 2cys of 5FU+CF+DDPCRT (infusional 5FU+weekly paclitaxel) Resection (5 to 6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy was completed.)Result: path CR: 26% R0 resection :77%, 1 year:more p
30、atients with path CR (82%) are living than those with less than path CR (69%)GAST-C 1 of 2: preoperative chemoradiation2008.v.1NCCN guideline: Paclitaxel/docetaxel + fluoropyrimidine(5-FU+capecitabine) category 2B;Recommendation of Chinese version: Docetaxel might be changed; Category 2B to 3.2007.v
31、.22008.v.1Postoperative chemo-therapyECF category 1(only when preoperative ECF has been administered) ECF category 1ECF modification category 1(only when preoperative ECF has been administered)Postoperative chemo-radiationfluoropyrimidine/leucovorin 1Fluoropyrimidine-based 1Fluoropyrimidine/cisplati
32、n 2BECF 2BTaxane-based 2BFluoropyrimidine (5FU or capecitabine) category 1Update of 2008.v.1 NCCN versionPostoperative chemotherapy?Stage IB-IV(M0)GAST-3:T3,T4 or any T,N1 after R0 resection2008.v.1NCCN guideline:RT,45-50.4Gy+concurrent 5-FU based radiosensitization(preferred)+5-FUleucovorin or ECF
33、if received preoperatively(category 1)Recommendation of Chinese version: Add foot noteIf D0/D1 resection: agreed the above;If D2 resection: postoperative chemotherapy recommended.Evidence:D0/D1 operation consists more than 90% in INT0116;2 Meta analysis about adjuvant chemotherapyGASC-studyPatients:
34、 23 trials, 4919 ptsMethods: Adjuvant chemotherapy arm(Arm A): 2441 Observation arm(Arm B): 2478 Results: 3y Survival rate: 60.6% in Arm A, 53.4% in Arm B (RR: 0.85,95%CI: 0.800.90 ) DFS: Arm B had a shorter DFS (RR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.770.99) Recurrence rate: Arm A had a lower recurrence rate (RR: 0.78
35、, 95%CI: 0.710.86) Grade 3/4 of AE(myelosuppression and GI): more frequently in Arm A. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the survival rate and disease-free survival rate in gastric cancer after curative resection and reduce the relapse rate. META analysis of Adjuvant chemotherapy 1An u
36、pdated meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancerEuropean Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 2008.02.002 META analysis of Adjuvant chemotherapy 2The role of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection for gastric cancer: a meta-analysisSh
37、u-Liang Zhao; Jing-Yuan Fang. Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.Cancer Investigation, May2008, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p317-325,Patients: 15 trials, 3212 pts,Methods: Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy vs Surgery onlyResults: RR for death in the treated group was 0.90 (P = 0.0010). Little or no significant benefi
38、ts were suggested in subgroup analyses between different population and regimens either. Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer confers slightly significant benefits compared to the surgery only group. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy S1 monotherapyAdjuvant chemotherap
39、y for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine. Sakuramoto, S N Engl J Med,2007,357:1810-1820 1004 cases(stage II/III ,D2,3 years follow up*S-1 monotherapy529 casesOS:80.5%OS:70.5%Randomized phase III trial comparing S-1 monotherapy versus surgery alone for stage II/III gastric cancer patie
40、nts (pts) after curative D2 gastrectomy (ACTS-GC study). 2007Gastrointestinal cancer symposium, sasako MSurgery alone530 cases*12/2005 showed that HR of death for S-1 to C was 0.57, trial was recommended to stop. 09/2006 HR of death for S-1 was 0.68. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for g
41、astric cancer is feasible and effective. This regimen can be the standard treatment for stage II/III gastric cancer pts after curative D2 dissection. ACTS-GC study JCOG Postoperative chemoradiation might be a good option to compensate the insufficiency of the surgery such as D0/D1 resection. Adjuvan
42、t chemotherapy shows survival benefit compared with surgery alone, especially after D2 resection for patients with stage II or higher.Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy Conclusion:GAST-3:after R1 resection2008.v.1NCCN guideline:RT,45-50.4Gy+concurrent 5-FU-based radiosensitization (preferred) +5-FU
43、leucovorinRecommendation of Chinese version: To add “Clinical trials” as another option.Reason:R1 resection is not radical, till now, no standard therapy has been accepted, it should be better to find the appropriate ones by clinical studies.2007.v.22008.v.1Metastatic or locally advanced cancerfluor
44、opyrimidine/leucovorin 2B Fluoropyrimidine-based 2BCisplatin-based 2BOxaliplatin-based 2BTaxanes-based 2BIrinotecan-based 2BECF 1DCF 1ECF 1ECF modification 1Irinotecan+cisplatin 2BOxaliplatin+fluoropyrimidine (5-FU or capecitabine) 2BDCF modification 2BIrinotecan+fluoropyrimidine(5-FU or capecitabin
45、e) 2BUpdate of 2008.v.1 NCCN versionNo DDP+fluoropyrimidine (5-FU or capecitabine or S1 ) 2BNo paclitaxel-based regimens;V325 研究結(jié)果研究結(jié)果 TCF(多西紫杉醇、順鉑、多西紫杉醇、順鉑、5FU)是用于預(yù)后較好的患者的是用于預(yù)后較好的患者的一項(xiàng)新的治療選擇一項(xiàng)新的治療選擇Moiseyenko et al, JCO 2007, 例數(shù)例數(shù)總體緩解總體緩解疾病進(jìn)展時(shí)間疾病進(jìn)展時(shí)間(月)(月)總生存期總生存期(月)(月)34級(jí)毒性級(jí)毒性TCF221/22737%5.69.2腹瀉
46、,感染,腹瀉,感染,中性粒細(xì)胞減中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥少癥*p=0.01p=0.0004p=0.02CF#4002224/23025%3.78.6胃炎,腎毒性胃炎,腎毒性*34級(jí)毒性包括:級(jí)毒性包括:81的非血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng),的非血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng),75的血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng)中的血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng)中30伴有中性粒細(xì)胞減少性發(fā)熱伴有中性粒細(xì)胞減少性發(fā)熱CPT-11 for AGC期多中心臨床期多中心臨床研究研究(2003 ASCO)FFCD 9803 法國(guó)法國(guó)Bouche O et al. J Clin Oncol2004;22:431927例例 數(shù)數(shù)RRmTTPmOSLV5FU2 4513%3.2m6.8mLV5F
47、U2-DDP4427%4.9m9.5mLV5FU2-CPT-114540%6.7m11.3mCPT-11聯(lián)合5-FU治療AGC-III期臨床試驗(yàn)(2005 ASCO)N=170CPT-11 80mg/m2CF 500mg/m25FU 2000mg/m2 civ1/W x 6w N=163CDDP 100mg/m2 d15FU 1000mg/m2/d d1-5Q4WN=333 AGCRR TTP 5.0m 4.2m (p=0.088)TTF 4.0m 3.4m (p=0.002)OS 9.0m 8.7m p0.53M. Dank 2005 ASCO abs 4003REAL-2: 療效(Effi
48、cacy)EfficacyECFN=263ECXN=250EOFN=245EOXN=244P: ECF vs EOXRR (%)41464248 1 year OS (%) 37.740.840.446.8OS (mo)9.99.99.311.20.025Cunningham et al. ASCO 2006 LBA 4017ECFEOFECXEOXGrade 3/4 non-haematological toxicity, %36423345Grade 3/4 neutropenia, %42305128p-value 0.0080.00430.001REAL 2: 安全性安全性 safet
49、y outcomesOxaliplatin聯(lián)合EPI、5-FU/CF治療晚期胃癌的臨床多中心研究 china用藥方法用藥方法樂沙定樂沙定 100mg/m100mg/m2 2 d d1 1EPI 50mg/mEPI 50mg/m2 2 d d1 1CF 200mg/mCF 200mg/m2 2 d d1-31-35-FU 500mg/m5-FU 500mg/m2 2 CIV d CIV d1-31-3每每3周重復(fù),治療至少周重復(fù),治療至少3個(gè)周期個(gè)周期評(píng)價(jià)療效及毒性反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)療效及毒性反應(yīng)CR 2CR 2例(例(5.6%5.6%)PR 13PR 13例(例(36.1%36.1%)SD 17SD 1
50、7例(例(47.2%47.2%) 總有效率總有效率41.7%。其中初治患者其中初治患者9/209/20(45%45%)復(fù)治患者復(fù)治患者6/166/16(37.5%37.5%) 主要不良反應(yīng)主要不良反應(yīng):骨髓抑制:骨髓抑制: -O OANC7/36ANC7/36(19.4%19.4%),), O OPLT3/36PLT3/36(8.3%8.3%),),O O HbHb4/364/36(11.1%11.1%),),O O神經(jīng)末梢毒性神經(jīng)末梢毒性 4/364/36(11.1%11.1%),),以以EPIEPI為基礎(chǔ)的三藥聯(lián)合可行!為基礎(chǔ)的三藥聯(lián)合可行!EOXEOX有明顯生存優(yōu)勢(shì)!有明顯生存優(yōu)勢(shì)!ML
51、17032 : CAPE vs 5-FU in AGCtrial designFPCisplatin80 mg/m2 3-hour i.v. infusion5-FU c.i. 800 mg/m2/day; d15 q3wXPCisplatin80 mg/m2 3-hour i.v. infusionCapecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily; d114 q3wKPS 70%1875 yearsAdvanced and/ormetastatic gastric cancer (AGC)1 measurable lesionNo prior treatment for
52、 AGCRANDO MIZATIONSuperior response rate with XP vs. FPConfirmed response% (95% CI)XP(n=160)FP(n=156)p-valueOverall response41 (3349)29 (2237)0.030Complete response230.668Partial response39260.019Progressive disease10180.041ML17032 : XP vs FPprogression-free survival.HR 0.81 Estimated probabilityHR=
53、0.81 (95% CI: 0.631.04)Compared to HR upper limit 1.25, p=0.00080Months24681012141618202224261.00.80.60.40.20.0Per protocol analysisXP (n=139) FP (n=137)Median PFSmonths (95% CI)5.6 (4.97.3)5.0 (4.26.3)相似的血液學(xué)不良發(fā)應(yīng)相似的血液學(xué)不良發(fā)應(yīng) XP vs. FP % of patientsXP(n=156)FP(n=155)Neutropenia3330Leukopenia 1417Anemia
54、125Thrombocytopenia66A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine plus DDP in AGCChina2002.6-2003.5, N=145, Cape 1000mg/m2 Bid d1-14 DDP 20mg/m2 iv d1-5 q3W130pts evaluable : 98M/32F Age: 53.7ysResultsCR 10 (8%)PR 48(37%)SD 51(39%)PD 21(16%)OS 12mSafety:grade 3-4 adverse event 5% -2005,2006 ASCOfirst-line chemo
55、therapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FLO) versus fluorouracil, leucovorin and cisplatin (FLP)FLOF 2600mg/m2 24h infusion, L 200mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85mg/m2 q2wFLPF 2000mg/m2 24h infusion, qwL 200mg/m2, qw cisplatin 50mg/m2, q2w. Total 220 pts Median age 64 yrs Advanced and/ormetastat
56、ic gastric cancer (AGC)RANDO MIZATIONS. Al-Batran, J. Hartmann, ASCO 2006The primary end point was TTPSuperior Performance with FLO vs. FLPConfirmed response% (95% CI)FLO(N=98)FLP(n=102)p-valueOverall response34%27%0.012 TTP5.73.80.081TTF5.33.10.028S. Al-Batran, J. Hartmann, ASCO 2006Phase II Study
57、of S-1 DDP vs 5-FU+DDP for Gastric Cancer (PI:ML Jin)C:5-FU+DDPA:S-1B:S-1+DDPrandomizationAssumed 180 cases,60 cases per arm,enrollment completedObjective:RR, TTPPathologically confirmed,unrectable,measurable leasionsEvidence :SC-101 study 2008 ASCO meetingArmNCR+PRTTF(d) OS(d)N%A:S1771924.7*126 267
58、 B:S-1/CDDP742837.8159433C:5-FU/CDDP731419.285 309 : Arm B compared with Arm C , P0.05: Arm B compared with Arm A and C , P0.05: Arm B compared with Arm A and C , P0.05Evidence :SC-101 study 2008 ASCO meeting Elderly chemo-nave pts (= 65 years) with measurable metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer
59、armX (N=46, Median age=71.0 years )Capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2 bid, D1-14 every 3 weeks) arm S (N=45, Median age= 70.5 years )S-1(4060 mg bid D1-28 every 6 weeks) randomly10/2004-4/2006 A randomized multi-center phase II trial:capecitabine (X) versus S-1 (S) as first-line treatment in elderly patients
60、 with mAGCY. Kang, D. Shin 2007 ASCO Annual MeetingA randomized study: the activity and safety of capecitabine vs S-1 in elderly pts with AGC phase II Y. Kang, JCO, 2007 ASCO Meetings Proceedings Part I.Vol 25, No. 18S: 4546) Evidence :capecitabine vs S-1 Phase IIXeloda (n=44) S-1 (n=45)Regimen1250m
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