高二一高考十種英語時態(tài)及被動語態(tài)

1、高二暑期課程一高考十種英語時態(tài)及被動語態(tài)知識梳理十種時態(tài)一一般現(xiàn)在時1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday等。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。 The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 Ann

2、Wang writes good English but does not speak well.5）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情，或用在倒裝句中。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.二、一般過去時的用法1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時間狀語有：ye

3、sterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. 2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3）用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。 Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me.Could you l

4、end me your bike?4）用在虛擬語氣中。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. 特殊句式 It is time for sb. to do sth “到時間了；該了”， It is time sb. did sth. “時間已遲了；早該了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“寧愿某人做某事”，例如： Id rather you came tom

5、orrow.三、一般將來時1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來計劃做某事，或者按照跡象可能發(fā)生的事。What are you going to do tomorrow? Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report

6、 next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事，不與表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。He is about to leave for Beijing.四、現(xiàn)在進行時 1. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 2. 習(xí)慣進行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 3. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 Its getting warmer

7、 and warmer. 4. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.注意：不用進行時的動詞 1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, ag

8、ree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate3) 瞬間動詞。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.4) 系動詞。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn五、過去進行時1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動

9、作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while It was raining when they left the station. 六 現(xiàn)在完成時1)構(gòu)成：助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞2) 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如：I have n

10、ever heard of that before.Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.3) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暫時間動作

11、的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。 4）現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作，例如：If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.注意：1.have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時此人不在這里。

12、 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。 He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。2.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別：延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)2) 用于till / until 從句的差異：延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back unti

13、l ten oclock. 他到10 點才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點。七、過去完成時的用法1）概念：表示過去的過去。-|-|-|- t 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 其結(jié)構(gòu)是：had + 過去分詞2）過去完成時的用法：1過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。2. 過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。3.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。4.在過去不同

14、時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。5. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能6過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. She said (that) she had never b

15、een to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.八、過去將來時1）基本概念：過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一個相對的時態(tài)，即立足于過去某時，從過去的某一時間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時態(tài)。 He said his mother would buy a bike for him。2）基本形式： wouldshould動詞原形They were sure they would win the

16、final victory他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他沒想到我們都在那里。 3）過去將來時的一些其它表達形式： 1wasweregoing to動詞原形 2waswereto動詞原形 3waswere about動詞原形 4過去進行時（一般多為動作概念較強的動詞，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示將來。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時候再來。 When he was a chi

17、ld he would get up early 他年幼時，總是很早起床。 九、將來進行時（1）將來進行時概念： 表示將來某時進行的狀態(tài)或動作，或按預(yù)測將來會發(fā)生的事情。 Shell be coming soon. Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. （2） 將來進行時的用法：a) 表示在將來某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。如： This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 明天這個時候我將在飛往廣州的途中。 What will you be doing at eight tomorro

18、w morning? 明天上午八點鐘你將做什么? I hope you wont be feeling too tired. 我希望你不要太累。 Well be watching television all evening. 我們整個晚上都將看電視。 b) 表示將來被客觀情況所決定的動作或者按照安排將要發(fā)生的動作。如： Well be having tea after dinner as usual. 像通常一樣，我們晚飯后將要喝茶。 The leaves will be falling soon. 樹葉很快就會脫落。 We shall be having a meeting tomorro

19、w morning. 我們明天要開一個會。 Ill be taking my holidays soon. 我不久即將度假。注意：將來進行時不用于表示意志，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her. （3）將來進行時常用的時間狀語:soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法1)表示動作從過去某一時間開

20、始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在這個動作可能已經(jīng)終止，也可能仍然在進行著。如：I have been waiting for you for two hours.It has been raining for three hours.2)有些不能用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的動詞，如be，have like，love，know，see，hear等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：She has been ill for a long time. 她已經(jīng)病了好久了。被動語態(tài)一般用于強調(diào)受者，做題時謂語動詞后通常不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，需要注意以下

21、考點。 考點一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGla

22、ss breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。 The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 考點三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型 It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated,這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為”，而“以前人們認(rèn)為”則應(yīng)該說：It was believed, It was thought。演練方陣A檔（鞏固專練）1、As

23、soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come12、-Why did you leave that position?- I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered3、- _ leave at the end of this month.-I dont think you should do tha

24、t until _ another job.A. Im going to ; youd found B. Im going to ; youve foundC. Ill ; youll find D. Ill ; youd find4、-Your job _ open for your return.- Thanks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept5、-Where did you put the car keys?-Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phon

25、e rang as I _ in.A. remembered ; come B. remembered ; was comingC. remember ; come D. remember ; was coming6、-How can I apply for an online course?-Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you. A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see7、I got caught in the rain and my suit_. A. has ru

26、ined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined8、-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, dont mention it. I _past your house anyway. A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come9、-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _ it?A. writes B. has written C. wro

27、te D. had written10、The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels.A .was staying B stayed C. would stay D. had stayedB檔（提升精練）11、No decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is madeC. is being made D. has been made12、S

28、cientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come13、The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated14、When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voi