數字圖像分析及應用

1、網絡多媒體小組數字圖像分析及應用實例2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組2內容提要2022-2-232數字圖像概念數字圖像分析原理步驟數字圖像分析應用實例2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組3數字圖像概念圖像數字圖像灰色圖像彩色圖像模擬圖像2022-2-233數字圖像：將模擬圖象通過采樣離散化得到數字圖像，便于計算機處理。2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組4介紹常見詞像素RGB灰色圖像彩色圖像2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組5像素像素像素：組成數字圖像的元素。每一個像素的坐標對應特定的圖像網格位置。像素的數值反映圖像中對應位置的亮度。像素2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組6RGB顏色空間之一-RGB藍青品

2、紅紅黑白綠黃歸一化的RGB顏色立方圖2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組7灰度圖像（單色圖像）灰度圖像（單色圖像）每個像素的亮度用一個數值來表示，通常數值范圍在0到255之間（一個字節(jié)），0表示黑、255表示白，而其它表示灰度。255200100500125,153,158,157,127,0,103,120,129,144,144,150,150,147,150,160,165,160,164,16,67,175,175,166,133, 133,154,158,100,116,120, 97, 74, 54, 4,118,146,148,150,145,157,164,157,158,162,

3、165,171,155,115, 88, 155,163,95,112,123,101,137,108,81,71,63, 137,142,146,152,159,161,159,154,138, 81, 78, 84,114, 167, 69, 85, 59, 65, 43, 85, 34, 69, 78,104,101,117,132,134,149,160,165,158,143,114, 99, 57, 45, 51, 57, 54, 46, 38, 44, 38, 36, 44, 36, 25,48,115,113,114,124,135,152,168,169,156, 75, 4

4、3, 39, 41, 38, 42, 41, 58, 30, 44, 35, 28, 69,144,147, 57, 60, 93,106,119,124,131,144,175,177, 63, 30, 30,124,139, 65, 31, 39, 61, 35, 75, 51, 66, 58,167,177,153, 58, 80, 95,108,120,133,155,182,137, 84, 74, 54, 61,149, 96, 36, 29,115, 71, 84,105, 6,136,172,175,128,126,114,106,109,115,127,169,187,105

5、,102, 5,117,120,131,148,144,113,112,109,115,128,162,193,143,132,124,110,131, 97, 53,66,129,123,128,114,108,115,102,121,129,125,113,112,111,111,127,162,192,150,129,117,112,107, 64, 67, 73, 131,125,112,105, 95, 88, 33,139,132,127,128,134,136,144,140,141,113,120,114,115,122,154,188,159,143, 6,138,143,1

6、45,138,143,143,141,144,129,118,119,115,112,120,152,186,165,150,139,128,117,109,104, 93, 140,146,147,145,150,154,147,149,143,132,127,124,117,112,117,142,184,171,144,139,129,119,114,112,100135,143,145,151,150,143,146,142,139,131,131,127,119,115,114,140,190,177,141,135,133,121,120,115,102128,137,141,14

7、9,150,148,143,141,136,128,120,122,116,109,116,136,182,182,140,135,130,124,116,109,100131,132,141,143,148,147,143,140,134,125,116,117,108,109,120,130,171,185,133,132,127,120,117,110, 36,131,139,136,140,141,140,136,132,121,114,117,109,106,112,130,163,192,130,126,131,132,132,136,140,134,135,128,117,110

8、,113,111,110,112,129,151,196,155,130,127,120,115,103, 64, 127,132,130,128,134,134,140,132,126,110,102,117,118,114,112,121,152,195,165,123,128,117,115, 96, 36, 123,131,127,129,132,133,134,131,127,112,109,117,114,116,107,116,145,172,12022-2-23網絡多媒體小組8彩色圖像（255,0,0）（0,255,0）（0,0,255）（123,20,12）（12,135,6

9、7）(207,137,130) (220,179,163) (215,169,161) (210,179,172) (210,179,172) (207,154,146) (217,124,121) (226,144,133) (226,144,133) (224,137,124) (227,151,136) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (227,151,136) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (239

10、,195,176) (240,205,187) (239,195,176) (231,138,123) (217,124,121) (215,169,161) (216,179,170) (216,179,170) (207,137,120) (159, 51, 71) (189, 89,101) (216,111,110) (217,124,121) (227,151,136) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (226,159,142) (237,159,135) (237,159,135) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (231,178,1

11、63) (236,187,171) (236,187,171) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (239,195,176) (236,187,171) (227,133,118) (213,142,135) (216,179,170) (221,184,170) (190, 89, 89) (204,109,113) (204,115,118) (189, 85, 97) (159, 60, 78) (136, 38, 65) (160, 56, 75) (204,109,113) (227,151,136) (226,159,142) (237,159,135) (2

12、27,151,136) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (230,170,154) (231,178,163) (231,178,163) (236,187,171) (239,195,176) (230,170,154) (204,109,113) (178, 73, 83) (216,179,170) (220,188,176) (190, 77, 84) (206, 95, 97) (217,113,113) (189, 85, 97) (226,144,133) (207, 91, 94) (170, 56, 72) (159, 51, 71) (150, 47

13、, 67) (172, 63, 78) (226,144,133) (226,144,133) (227,151,136) (226,159,142)每個像素的亮度用一個一維向量來表示，各元素分別表示R、G、B通道，數值范圍在0到255之間。數字圖像分析原理及步驟2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組92022-2-23網絡多媒體小組10預處理消除模糊圖像去噪圖像增強水平矯正圖像分割的方法1.基于邊緣的分割方法 先提取區(qū)域邊界，再確定邊界限定的區(qū)域。2.區(qū)域分割 確定每個像素的歸屬區(qū)域，從而形成一個區(qū)域圖。3.區(qū)域生長 將屬性接近的連通像素聚集成區(qū)域2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組11基于邊緣的分割

14、方法邊緣檢測算子（如梯度算子）檢測出邊緣，再利用光柵跟蹤或全向跟蹤將邊緣像素連成線2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組12區(qū)域分割利用顏色灰度值判斷某一像素點是否屬于某特定區(qū)域2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組131 , , 0 , f x yTg x yf x yT如果如果T（閾值）的確定取決于顏色分布直方圖2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組14區(qū)域分割區(qū)域生長選定某一像素點，并規(guī)定相似性判斷標準，如果相鄰像素點的相似度達到要求，就將區(qū)域有這一點向相鄰點生長。直到所有相鄰點都不符合相似性要求。2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組15對象識別方法模板匹配法神經網絡法2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組16模板

15、匹配2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組17模板輸入圖像2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組18數字圖像分析應用實例軍事公安方面軍事公安方面 指紋識別 人臉鑒別 交通監(jiān)控生物醫(yī)學工程方面生物醫(yī)學工程方面 CT技術 癌細胞識別 心電圖分析航天和航空技術方面航天和航空技術方面 飛機遙感 衛(wèi)星遙感資源勘察2022-2-2318人臉識別2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組19模板匹配法人臉識別2022-2-23網絡多媒體小組20待識別圖像：圖像庫中圖像：( , )f x y( , ),1,2.it x yiN相似性度量準則有： 歸一化互相關(NC)： 平方差累加和(SSD)： 絕對差累加和(SAD)：,22 1/2, ( , ) ( , )( ( ,) ( , ) )iix yiiix yx yf x yft x ytcf x yft x yt2,