初中英語定語從句

1、初中英語定語從句講解及練習一.定語從句及相關術語 1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞成為關系詞  關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；  關系副詞有where, when, why等。  關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語 (1) The boys who are playing foo

2、tball are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.    注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man w

3、ho/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于who 或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit t

4、he city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soo

5、n be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句     關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導 (1) The school (that/w

6、hich) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/t

7、hat/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking.

8、(F)2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)  (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we

9、flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of  which have gone bad. (3) There are

10、 forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答"介詞+關系代詞 "類型的定語從句題時，關鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞是不及物動詞）習慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學們在平時學習時要注重某些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，并要靈活運用。例如：In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to wh

11、om簡析:本題定語從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構成固定短語"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，D是正確選項。四關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 (1) Shanghai is the city where I wa

12、s born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.    注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換 (1) The reason why/ f

13、or which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和&qu

14、ot;介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句  限制性定語從句舉例： (1) The teac

15、her told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語從句舉例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同 (1) Hi

16、s brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.  他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.   他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）難點分析    （一）限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當先行詞是anything, eve

17、rything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been

18、 done. (4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2.  當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.  當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is the best film tha

19、t I have seen.4.  當形容詞被the very, the only修飾時 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. &

20、#160;當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.  當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? （二）關系代詞as和which 引導的定語從句 as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具

21、體情況是：1As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we

22、 can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as 

23、;(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。 

24、;(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.     她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通?？梢允÷浴?#160;(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but 有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea

25、. ( but= who don't )(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.     定語從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.     同位于從句2定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由tha

26、t引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.     定語 (4) The problem how we can co

27、llect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.     (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the e

28、arth is known to all. 同位語 (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.初中英語分類練習定語從句定語從句專練（一）1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is

29、the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The fact

30、ory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has

31、been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat

32、 a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. al

33、l what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I

34、 went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my siste

35、r, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A

36、. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we

37、 worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine,

38、 _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pas

39、s the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as

40、 was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half don

41、e.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. wh

42、ich; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. Duri

43、ng the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which;

44、what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of

45、 them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 定語從句專練 (二) 1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A.

46、 that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. w

47、here C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have o

48、bserved 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bough

49、t the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl

50、 _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C.

51、who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19.

52、Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already t

53、aken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thi

54、ck ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D.

55、in which 27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my randparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands

56、by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A . there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he l