初中英語(yǔ)名詞專項(xiàng)講解(共7頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 名詞一 導(dǎo)入：有一天，一只老鐘對(duì)一只小鐘說(shuō)：“你一年里要擺下啦?！?小鐘嚇壞了，說(shuō)“哇，這么多，這怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！” 這時(shí)候，另一只老鐘笑著說(shuō)：“不用怕，你只需一秒鐘擺一下，每一秒堅(jiān)持下來(lái)就可以了?！?小鐘高興了，想著：一秒鐘擺一下好像并不難啊，試試看吧。果然，很輕松地就擺了一下。 不知不覺一年過(guò)去了，小鐘已經(jīng)擺了下！ 很簡(jiǎn)單的故事，卻寓意著深刻的道理，當(dāng)我們面對(duì)大困難的時(shí)候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根據(jù)實(shí)際，分期制定小目標(biāo)，一一完成就行了。二 專題講解：掌握要點(diǎn)：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù) 1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2

2、）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化名詞所有格 含義、構(gòu)成 兩種形式：s所有格及of所有格知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一、名詞的分類1.專有名詞：名字(人名、地名、書名、機(jī)構(gòu)名)、與國(guó)家有關(guān)的(國(guó)家、國(guó)民、語(yǔ)言)、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday.2.普通名詞: 包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 個(gè)體名詞 表示個(gè)體的人或事物 例: sister、table、bike、window可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞 表示一群人或一些事物 例: family、police、class、group

3、 物質(zhì)名詞 表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料 例: water、air、wood不可數(shù)名詞 抽象名詞 表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等 例: danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時(shí)可數(shù)，作玻璃時(shí)不可數(shù)。身兼二職的名詞對(duì)照表glassfish chickentime 可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時(shí)間orange lightpaper hair 可數(shù)橘子電燈報(bào)紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidea lifework可數(shù)練習(xí)

4、題主意/意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無(wú)線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗(yàn)interest room可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間【注意】（1） family, class等詞作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)視為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其家庭/族成員或班級(jí)成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)；（2） 部分有生命的集體名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的概念： police指警察、警官的總稱，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。The police(主語(yǔ))+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù) people指人們、人民，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。(The)people+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)people指民族，有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化 e.g. fifty-six peo

5、ples 五十六個(gè)民族二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 (1) 規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、 一般情況在詞尾直接加s , 例 bags。 2、 以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es 例 city-cities；以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。4、以o結(jié)尾的除potato(馬鈴薯)、tomato(西紅柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es, roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives

6、 roof roofs。(2)不規(guī)則變化1、單詞拼寫發(fā)生變化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面 例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 常用分以下幾類：表示動(dòng)物的名詞deer 鹿，fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中國(guó)人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin

7、親屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī)，aircraft 飛機(jī)， spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred百，thousand千，million百萬(wàn)，dozen一打， score 二十其他series 系列；species種類；means方法 (3)不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與a/an及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配。例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡) two glasses of milk(兩杯牛奶) three pieces of paper(三張紙) four bottles of water(四杯水)三、名詞所有格含義：名詞所有格表

8、示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是s所有格，一種是of所有格 Beijing is Chinas capital.= Beijing is the captital of China. This is Toms bike = This is the bike of Tom. Lily is the keys owner.= Lily is the owner of the key.1、 s所有格構(gòu)成 單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加s，如 Lucys pen路西的鋼筆Childrens Day（兒童節(jié)）；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加 , 如the students books 學(xué)生

9、們的書。2、幾個(gè)人共有的東西，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名詞后加s, 如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和莉莉的臥室)。表示各自所有，則每個(gè)名詞都加s, 如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of 所有格：1).of 用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).雙重所有格： of + 名詞所有格 of + 名詞性的物住代詞 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?典型例題講解1. They

10、got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D.

11、25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers

12、7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this

13、 month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of

14、_ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three

15、cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions 三 鞏固訓(xùn)練：1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teacher

16、s D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Pl

17、ease get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town an

18、d now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many n

19、ew pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word

20、B. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please ge

21、t me _.A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box

22、 of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. I

23、m going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed

24、a kind of _ to help people walk.A. machine B. machinesC. a machine D. the machine26. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ ro

25、se.A. anger B. angryC. angrily D. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound note B. five pounds noteC. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations四 課堂過(guò)手訓(xùn)練：1. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07) A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit 2.Ive read_ sports news about the Fl race today.(05)A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of 3. Linda, I've bought many . Now let's make the birthday cake. （03） A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. fro