中考英語命題研究第2部分語法專題突破專題十一動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)(精講)試題(20220121145448)

1、,遵義中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)考綱要求1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 2. 一 般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng) 語態(tài) 3.含情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)201331is_not_allowe1 分d/are not allowed/isnot allowi ng一般過去時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)201631will beasked/ was_asked/is asked1 分201533built/isbuilt/ was buil1 分201234offered/has offered/was_of fered1 分含情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)201483sellTbe sold1 分動(dòng)詞

2、的語態(tài)為遵義中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去 時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語態(tài)。語境設(shè)置在近三年來很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí) 間狀語提示，需要分析語境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為 913。預(yù)測(cè) 2017 年遵義中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。,遵義中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】1 動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的分類英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(1) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說英語。(2) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，

3、即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.被很多人說。(Chinese 是動(dòng)詞 speak 的承受者)2 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞 be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(用 done 表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的 4 種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下:時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句專題十動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)漢語一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are + doneThis ki nd of car is made inChina.這種車是中國(guó)制造的。一般 過去時(shí)was/were + doneThe flying disk was inven ted by collegestude nts.這種飛碟游戲是

4、大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般will/shall+The bridge will be finished in a將來時(shí)be+ donemo nth.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+Tables can be made of stone.桌子動(dòng)詞be+ done可由石頭制造。3.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(1)圖示:(2) 口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)。(3)變換步驟：1將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him_ .宀 He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。2將動(dòng)詞改為“ be+過去分詞”。注意： be 動(dòng)

5、詞與新主語相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting w _heldby them yesterday.他們昨天開會(huì)了。3將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為by放在謂語動(dòng)詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him .他唱了一首歌?！痉椒ㄍ黄啤?1) 判斷句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)讀懂句意，確定主語，判斷主語表示人還是物，主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。當(dāng)主語為人時(shí)，需根據(jù)句 意及謂語動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語發(fā)出：若為主語發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；若不是主語發(fā)出，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

6、物作主 語的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。(2) 確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用離不開時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。4.常見主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：Jack told usTheyplanted 謂語a treeJA treewas plantedby them賓謙變上詵比+過去甘詞主語變?yōu)檎Z由 by引出主動(dòng)d；帔動(dòng)旬；the truth. We wer

7、e told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear, see, watch , notice 等)后用不帶 to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào) to 還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.宀 sb.be heard(seen)to do sth. 女口：Weheard the girl play the pia no in the music classroomThe girl was heard to play the pia no in themusic classroom.我們聽見那個(gè)女孩

8、兒在音樂教室里彈鋼琴。(3) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make, let 等)后用不帶 to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to 還原。即： make sb.do sth. 宀 sb.be made to do sth.女口： The teacher makes hisstudents do much homework every day. His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5 不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1) 連系動(dòng)詞，如：loo

9、k , feel , smell 等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The flower smells sweet. 這花聞起來很香。(2) 有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing sth.( 需要做某事)，be worth doing sth.( 值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.你的臥室需要馬上清理一下。(3) 表示發(fā)生”的 happen 或 take place 無被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如： The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚?！究键c(diǎn)搶測(cè)】一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。(B )

10、1. A lot of trees_ around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now.A. were plantedB. are plantedC. was planted(C ) 2. Chinese_ by more and more people from all over the world today.A. learnB. learnedC. is learned(B ) 3. The task_ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was fi

11、nished B . will be finishedC. has been finished(C ) 4.Frog，Mo Yans latest novel , please!Sorry , it_ just now.But it will come out again soon.A. sold out B . is sold outC. was sold out(A ) 5. Thanks to the Internet , different kinds of information_ in a short time.A. can be learned B . has been learnedC. can learn二、 單詞拼寫。6.Every year , many animals _ are_ killed _ (kill)7.A new club _ was_opened, (ope n) in