定語從句和閱讀寫作

1、定語從句在閱讀和寫作中定語從句在閱讀和寫作中的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 對(duì)定語從句的掌握要落實(shí)到三個(gè)層面：一、認(rèn)得出二、看得懂三、用得上認(rèn)得出：關(guān)鍵:找到主句，分離從句。但不管定語從句以哪一種形式出現(xiàn)，他們都有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：那就是在一個(gè)核心名詞的前面或后面。 一、定語從句的位置（一）從句在主句的前面 例如:As is well-known, man couldt live without water. （二）從句在主句的后面 例如:This is the house where his father was born. （三）放置在主句中 例1:The day when they got married w

2、as just on February 14. 二、 理解定語從句要注意:A.準(zhǔn)確判斷定語從句所修飾的對(duì)象。 由于定語從句與其所修飾的對(duì)象之間常有分割成分，而該分割成分中與定語從句緊挨著的名詞常常會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為是定語從句的先行詞。在理解上會(huì)造成障礙。 因此遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)一定要根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。1.The days are gone when we suffered so much 2.There are many people on the platform who are waiting for the train 3.Do you remember one afternoon ten y

3、ears ago, when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 4.At all times you may find things happening which are hard to explain B.要注意區(qū)分從句的層次。定語從句是最可能出現(xiàn)嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)的。一句話中往往包括好幾個(gè)定語從句，這些從句有時(shí)是相互并列的關(guān)系，有時(shí)是嵌套關(guān)系。理解句子的時(shí)候應(yīng)注意區(qū)分。1、The boss at last got a chance to visit the village where he used to work ，wh

4、ich he had been dreaming of for 20 years. 老板終于得到機(jī)會(huì)去訪問他工作過的村莊，他一直夢想了20年。2、America has more than fifty states，one of which，Kentucky， is the place where Abraham Lincoln was born. 美國有50多個(gè)州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。三、找出閱讀篇章中的定語從句,并理解這些句子。Lesson 3 Marco Polo 1.When he was17 years old, he traveled across Europe a

5、nd Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.（L2) 2. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as The greatest palace that ever was. ” (L13) 3.There were inventions and developments in China which were not available

6、in Europe at that time. (L16)4.However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. (L27) 5.The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe. (L30) 6.Just befo

7、re he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied,“I have only told half of what I saw!”（L35)讀得懂：在認(rèn)得出的基礎(chǔ)上，理解含定語從句的句子。關(guān)鍵：弄清楚邏輯關(guān)系，把各個(gè) 從句剔出來單獨(dú)理解，再靈活處理把大意拼湊起來，構(gòu)成整個(gè) 長句的意思，就可降低長句的理解難度，準(zhǔn)確理解文意。在理解含定語從句的句子理解含定語從句的句子時(shí)，一定要考慮到中英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。常見的理解方式的理解方式有以下幾種：一、前置法:把定語從句翻譯定語從句翻

8、譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。二、后置法:把定語從句翻譯定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯翻譯為并列分句。單獨(dú)把定語從句翻譯定語從句翻譯出來的話，并重復(fù)先行詞，還可以用代詞代替先行詞來重復(fù)。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。They worked out a new method

9、 by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。三、融合法:把定語從句定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯翻譯。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見你。A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.司機(jī)在開車時(shí)，不許和人談話，也不能走神。He insisted on buying another house, w

10、hich he had no use for盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅(jiān)持要再買一幢房子。He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對(duì)這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1.They had no connection with the outside world for m

11、ore than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous. 2、My wife and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide, and the minibus which goes along with the boat.We st

12、opped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept. (優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)P37)Where did the author get off the train? A.Paris B. Strasbourg C. Nancy C. Barn3、Steve Magellan, world-famous adventurer, has been missing for two days. The man who flew around the world by himself in

13、 a balloon took off in a single-engine airplane from a private airport in Nevada.(優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)P43) 判斷句子正誤：Steve Magellan often traveled around the world with someones company. 3、He didnt file a flight plan, so exactly where he went is unknown. Searchers are looking for him in a high desert, a 200 by 200 mil

14、e area with lots of ravines(溝壑）溝壑）by air. “It would be very easy for a small plane like that to disappear for months,” said an officer from the Civil Air Patrol. The plane, like most small planes, did not have a “black box,” which sends out radio signals in event of a crash. A friend of Magellans sa

15、id that he usually wears a watch that can send radio signals. But no signals were coming from that watch, if he was in fact wearing it. (.(優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)P43-44) Which of the following is Not a difficulty for the searchers?A.Its unknown where he was going exactly.B.The shape of the place where Steve Magellan w

16、as missing was complicated(復(fù)復(fù)雜的雜的).C. Steve Magellan lost his watch which can send out radio signals.D.The plane had no machine sending out radio signals.用得上：識(shí)別是理解的前提，理解是運(yùn)用的根本。在語言學(xué)習(xí)中，運(yùn)用才是王道。定語從句在寫作中的運(yùn)用 常用句型一：由常用句型一：由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句As we have known, Marco Polo was a great explorer .常用句型二：由常用

17、句型二：由who或或which引導(dǎo)的非限引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句制性定語從句Marco Polo,who was an Italian, travelled all around China.常用句型三：由常用句型三：由who， whom， whose， where， when， why等引導(dǎo)的定語從句等引導(dǎo)的定語從句(包括限制性和非限制性定語從句包括限制性和非限制性定語從句Marco Polo traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. 用定語從句翻譯短語:1

18、.一個(gè)出生在Italy的旅行家a traveller who was born in Italy2.作燃料的黑色的石頭the black stones（which/that） people used to burn for fuel.3.歐洲所沒有的發(fā)明the inventions which were not available in Europe 4. 大廳可輕易容納6000人同時(shí)進(jìn)餐的宮殿 the palace hall can easily seat 6000 people for dinner 5.他向另一個(gè)囚徒講述他的故事的地方 the place he told his stor

19、ies to another prisoner6. 人們不相信他的故事的原因the reason people didnt believe his stories 恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚ㄕZ從句可以提恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚ㄕZ從句可以提升作文的檔次升作文的檔次例句示范：杰克來自加拿大， 他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了3年,他不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語， 而且中文也講的很不錯(cuò)。Jack is from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English .He speaks Chinese very well.杰克

20、來自加拿大，杰克來自加拿大， 他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了3年年,他不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語，他不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語， 而且中文也而且中文也講的很不錯(cuò)。講的很不錯(cuò)。Jack comes from Canada. He is a student of our school where he has studied for 3 years .Not only does he often help us learn English but he speaks Chinese fluently as well. 杰克來自加拿大，杰克來自加拿大， 他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)他在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)

21、了了3年年,他不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語，他不僅經(jīng)常幫助我們學(xué)英語， 而且中而且中文也講的很不錯(cuò)。文也講的很不錯(cuò)。 Jack is a student of our school ,who comes from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English ,and he speaks Chinese very well. Our class is a big family. It is made up of 36 girls and 15 boys. All of them

22、 are very diligent and warm-hearted. Our class is a big family, which is made up of 36 girls and15 boys, all of whom are very diligent and warm-hearted. 句式提升Without water, man cant live, so it is of great importance.Water, without which man cant live, is of great importance.句子句子“瘦身瘦身”。使用定語從句后句子更簡練。使

23、用定語從句后句子更簡練He made brilliant remarks on the famous film.The remarks that he made on the famous film was brilliant.He thought of an important way to deal with it.The way he thought of to deal with it was of great importance. (“高級(jí)高級(jí)”變中來；使用定語從句突出了變中來；使用定語從句突出了brilliant和和importance)練一練練一練把下列每組題中的兩個(gè)簡單句合并

24、為一個(gè)含有定語從句把下列每組題中的兩個(gè)簡單句合并為一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句的復(fù)合句1.Marco Polo was a great explorer. He lived in China forsome time._2.He traveled across Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with the Chinese. _ 3. He traveled across Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with

25、the Chinese. _4. The arrived in Beijing. They were warmly welcomed by the Yuan Dynasty. _ 5. The emperor was impressed by Marco Polo. Marco was clever and could speak four languages. _6. Marco was impressed by the the Summer Palace. The palaces hall can easily seat 6000 people for dinner. _ 7. Marco was also surprised by the inventions a