最常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語前后綴

1、100個最最常用醫(yī)學(xué)前后綴Table 1 Examples of organs and systems （部分器官與系統(tǒng)術(shù)語）中文普通前/后綴形容詞示例心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology 心臟病學(xué) endocarditis 心內(nèi)膜炎myocarditis 心肌炎腦braincerebroencephalocraniocerebralcranialcerebrum 大腦cerebellum 小腦encephalopathy 腦病intracranial 顱內(nèi)的 肺lungpulmopulmonarypulmonology 肺病學(xué)pulmonectomy 肺切

2、除pulmonitis 肺炎肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis 肝炎hepatobiliary 肝膽的hepatoenterostomy 肝腸吻合腎kidneyNephro-Reno-Renal nephritis 腎炎nephropathy 腎病nephrectomy 腎切除renopathy;renin胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis 胃炎gastroenteritis 胃腸炎gastrectomy 胃切除腸intestinegutbowelEntero;Intestino-intestinalenteritis 腸炎grastroente

3、ritis 胃腸炎enterostomy 腸造口術(shù)食道/管esophagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis 食道炎esophagoscopy 食道鏡esophagoplasty 食道成形術(shù)膽 （汁）gallbladderBile cholebiliarycholecystitis 膽囊炎cholecystectomy 膽囊切除cholelithiasis膽結(jié)石cholesterol脾spleenSpleno;spleeno-splenicsplenectomy 脾切除spenomegaly脾大cardiomegalysomatomegaly胰pancreaspanc

4、reatopancreaticpancreatitis 胰腺炎pancreatectomy 胰腺切除pancreatopathy 胰腺病膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis 膀胱炎cytectomy 膀胱切除cystotomy切開cystostomy 造口，吻合cystography 膀胱造影（泌）尿urineurourethrourinaryurology 泌尿病學(xué)transurethral 經(jīng)尿道的urosurgery 泌尿外科直腸anusrectorectalrectoscopy 直腸鏡檢查rectoplasty 直腸成形術(shù) rectocolitis 直腸結(jié)腸

5、炎結(jié)腸coloncolocolonalcolitis 結(jié)腸炎colorectoscopy 直腸結(jié)腸鏡檢查colostomy 結(jié)腸造口肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis 心肌炎myoma 肌瘤myotonia 肌強直關(guān)節(jié)jointarthroarticulararthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎osteoarthritis 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎arthropathy 關(guān)節(jié)病骨bonebonyosteoosteoplasty 骨整形osteogenesis 骨生長osteopathy 骨病髓marrowmyemyeloma 骨髓瘤myelitis 骨髓炎myelopathy 骨髓病血bloodh

6、ematohematology 血液學(xué) hematoma 血腫hemastasis 止血血管vesselvasoangiovascularcardiovascular accident (CVA) 心血管意外cerebrovascular 腦血管的vasopressin 血管加壓素angiography 血管造影動脈artery arterioarterialarteriosclerosis 動脈硬化 靜脈veinveno venousIntravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的神經(jīng)nerveneuronervousneurosurgery 神經(jīng)外科 neuron 神經(jīng)元neuroma 神經(jīng)瘤細胞cell

7、cytocellularleukocyte 白細胞cytology 細胞學(xué)cytoma 細胞瘤眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology 眼科學(xué)ophthalmitis 眼炎ophthalmalgia 眼痛 耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer 聽力計Audiovisual 視聽的audiosurgery 耳外科鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢rhinopharyngeal 鼻咽的nasogastric 鼻胃的口mouthorooralorolingual 口舌的舌tonguelinguo

8、lingualsublingual 舌下的lingustics 語言學(xué)linguoplacement 舌向移位咽喉throatlaryngopharyngolaryngealpharyngeallaryngectomy 喉切除laryngitis 喉炎pharyngitis 咽炎氣管airwayair pipeair passagetracheotrachealtracheostomy 氣管插管tracheoscope 氣管鏡tracheoesophageal 氣管食道的 Table 2 Examples of diseased states (部分病態(tài)術(shù)語)含義前/后綴示例病patho-pa

9、thypathogen 病原, pathology 病理學(xué), nephropathy腎病, encephalopathy腦病病態(tài)-osisneurosis 神經(jīng)病, tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核增多-osisleukocytosis 白細胞增多癥減少-peniapancytosis 全血細胞減少炎癥-it isarthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎， hepatitis 肝炎腫塊-omalymphoma 淋巴瘤，hematoma 血腫, carcinoma癌疼痛-algia-algesiaanalgesia 止痛血癥-emialeukemia 白血病，septicemia 敗血癥, bacteremi

10、a菌血癥 anemia麻痹-plegiahemiplegia 偏癱，myoplegia 肌肉麻痹壞死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝壞死，necrospermia 精子壞死不良Malmalnutrition 營養(yǎng)不良，malfunction 功能障礙, malpractice醫(yī)療差錯流出-rrheadiarrhea 腹瀉，rhinorrhea 鼻溢, hypermenorrhea月經(jīng)過多困難/障礙Dysdysfunction 功能障礙， dyspepsia消化不良, dyspnea呼吸困難無A;anatypical 不典型的，asymptomatic無癥狀的, agr

11、anulocytosis 粒細胞減少癥 anemia復(fù)合/多Poly-polyuria 多尿，polyopia 復(fù)視巨-megalysplenomegaly 脾大，acromegaly 指端肥大癥, hepatomegaly 肝大結(jié)石litho-lithcholelithes 膽結(jié)石，lithiasis結(jié)石癥Table 3 Examples of surgical terminology （部分外科術(shù)語）含義前/后綴示例切除-ectomygastrectomy, appectectomy, laryngectomy 切開-tomytracheotomy, hysterotomy, cranio

12、tomy造口/吻合-stomycolostomy, ileostomy, tracheostomy整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics, orthotherapy, orthposurgery造影-graphyangiography, nephrography, radiography經(jīng)trans-transurethral, transcutaneous, transfusion成形-plastyosteoplasty, myoplasty, esophagoplastyTable 4 Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置)含義普通

13、前/后綴示例上Upper, superiorepi- , supra-epigastric 上腹部的，supraclavicular 鎖骨上的下lower, inferiorinfra-, sub-subclavicular, 鎖骨下的，subcostal肋下的, inferior vena cava下腔靜脈前 front, anterior, priorfore-, ante, pre-, antero, forehead, 前額，anteroposterior 前后的/正位的后back, posterior, rear post-, retro-, postero-postprandial

14、餐后的， retroperitoneal 腹膜后的內(nèi)inner, internalIn-, intra, endo, ento-Inhalation吸入， endoscope內(nèi)窺鏡, intracranial顱內(nèi)的 外outer, externalex-, exo- extract 提取，excretion排泄, exocardial心外的側(cè)lateral bilateral雙側(cè)的， unilateral單側(cè)的, contralateral對側(cè)的, isolateral同側(cè)的 旁 / 副adjacent, appendix para-parathyroid 甲狀旁腺， paracancer 癌

15、旁 周peripheral, aroundperi-Perioperative 圍術(shù)的，perinatal圍產(chǎn)的 間between inter-intercostal 肋間的，intercedllular 細胞間的 中心Central centro-, centri-centrifuge 離心， centronucleus中心核橫向, 經(jīng).transversetrans-tranfusion 輸血， transcutaneous 經(jīng)皮的Table 5 Examples of cells and colors （部分細胞與顏色）含義前/后綴示例色chromo / cromochromosome

16、染色體，cromolyn 色苷酸鈉紅erythro erythrocyte, erythrocytosis白Leukoleukocyte, leukemia, leukocytuira 黑melanomelanoma, melena 黑便青、藍Cyanocyanosis 紫紺, cyanemia 藍血癥 淋巴Lymph lymphocyte, lymphoma, 粒granulogranulocyte, granulocytosis 成細胞Blastfibroblast 成纖細胞網(wǎng)狀reticuloreticulocyte 網(wǎng)狀細胞嗜堿的basi, baso, alkalobasophil 嗜

17、堿性粒細胞嗜酸的eosino, acidoeosinocyte, eosnophil嗜酸性粒細胞凝血的thrombothrombocyte 凝血細胞 （= 血小板platelet） Table 6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物)含義前/后綴示例（酸）鹽-ate sulfate 硫酸鹽, nitrate 硝酸鹽, acetate 醋酸鹽 醇-ol alcohol 酒精, taxol 紫杉醇, ethanol 乙醇, allopurinol 別嘌啉醇醛-al methylal甲縮醛, retinal視黃醛糖-saccharide, glyco-, gluco-, saccharo-glycogen糖原, glucose葡萄糖, saccharide糖, polysaccharide 多糖酮-one ketone 酮，acetone 丙酮, ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 酶-ase transaminase轉(zhuǎn)氨酶, reductase還原酶素-inheparin 肝素, nuclein核素, erythromycin 紅霉素 原-genantigen 抗原, collagen 膠原 苯基/酚phenol-Phenol酚（石炭酸）, phenate