初中英語名詞圖表

1、名 詞²²² 1、名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞²²²² II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或

2、-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名

3、詞一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, pat

4、h-paths,2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class, family, crowd, coup

5、le, group, government, population, team, public, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改

6、為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servants²²²² III. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西

7、，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Mary

8、s bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時(shí)間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：th